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Enhancing the Durability and Carrier Selectivity of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Blend Interlayer
Sin, Dong Hun,Jo, Sae Byeok,Lee, Seung Goo,Ko, Hyomin,Kim, Min,Lee, Hansol,Cho, Kilwon American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.21
<P>A mechanically and thermally stable and electron-selective ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 interface is created via hybridization of a polar insulating polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), into ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). PEG successfully passivates the oxygen defects on ZnO and prevents direct contact between CH3NH3PbI3 and defects on ZnO. A uniform CH3NH3PbI3 film is formed on a soft ZnO:PEG layer after dispersion of the residual stress from the volume expansion during CH3NH3PbI3 conversion. PEG also increases the work of adhesion of the CH3NH3PbI3 film on the ZnO:PEG layer and holds the CH3NH3PbI3 film with hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, PEG tailors the interfacial electronic structure of ZnO, reducing the electron affinity of ZnO. As a result, a selective electron-collection cathode is formed with a reduced electron affinity and a deep-lying valence band of ZnO, which significantly enhances the carrier lifetime (473 mus) and photovoltaic performance (15.5%). The mechanically and electrically durable ZnO:PEG/CH3NH3PbI3 interface maintains the sustainable performance of the solar cells over 1 year. A soft and durable cathodic interface via PEG hybridization in a ZnO layer is an effective strategy toward flexible electronics and commercialization of the perovskite solar cells.</P>
Decoupling Charge Transfer and Transport at Polymeric Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells
Sin, Dong Hun,Ko, Hyomin,Jo, Sae Byeok,Kim, Min,Bae, Geun Yeol,Cho, Kilwon American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.10
<P>Tailoring charge extraction interfaces in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) critically determines the photovoltaic performance of PeSCs. Here, we investigated the decoupling of two major determinants of the efficient charge extraction, the charge transport and interfacial charge transfer properties at hole transport layers (HTLs). A simple physical tuning of a representative polymeric HTL, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), provided a wide range of charge conductivities from 10(-4) to 10(3) S cm(-1) without significant modulations in their energy levels, thereby enabling the decoupling of charge transport and transfer properties at HTLs. The transient photovoltaic response measurement revealed that the facilitation of hole transport through the highly conductive HTL promoted the elongation of charge carrier lifetimes within, the PeSCs up to 3 times, leading to enhanced photocurrent extraction and finally 25% higher power conversion efficiency.</P>
신동훈 ( Sin Dong Hun ),김종혁 ( Kim Jong Hyeog ),김지연 ( Kim Ji Yeon ),노영준 ( No Yeong Jun ),문성용 ( Mun Seong Yong ),김진건 ( Kim Jin Geon ),김현우 ( Kim Hyeon U ),이정훈 ( Lee Jeong Hun ),이서진 ( Lee Seo Jin ),김연수 ( Kim 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.5
We report an unusual case of adult minimal change nephrotic syndrome relapsed after 15-year of complete remission. In this case, the disease had occurred to the patient for the first time when he was 52 years old; relatively high age, and had been remitted with steroid therapy. After 15 years of complete remission, he visited our hospital with the symptoms of the generalized edema and the pitting edema of both lower extremities that occurred 15 days ago. Massive proteinuria(15,865 ㎎/day) and hypoalbuminemia(1.7 g/㎗) were detected. The pathologic evaluation of the biopsied specimen of the kidney showed he global sclerosis in 19% of glomeruli in light microscopic finding and the fusion of epithelial foo processes in electron microscopic finding. He was treated with pulse steroid therapy(methylprednisolone 500 ㎎/day iv for 3 days) and then, with oral prednisolone (60 ㎎/day). Generalized edema and proteinuria disappeared after 14 days of treatment, and there has been no relapse ever since. Adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome relapses within 4 years after complete remission in 90% of relapsed patients. The relapse after more than 5 years of complete remission, like this case, is very rare, especially in he case of late-onset disease. However, the possibility of relapse of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome after several years of its remission should be considered constantly and the long-term follow-up more than 10 years may be needed. (Korean J Nephrol 2003;22(5):608-611)
The Changes of Morphology and Composition in Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Powder Synthesis by Solvothermal Method
Sin-Il Gu,Hyo-Soon Shin,Youn-Woo Hong,Dong-Hun Yeo,남산 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.1
To prepare the thin film solar cell by the screen printing method, the synthesis of nano CIGS powder has been frequently studied. Especially, the solvothermal method is normally used in the synthesis of CIGS. How-ever, in the synthesis of CIGS, the experimental studies such as the path of phase formation, the composition change of synthesized CIGS, and the change of powder morphology have rarely been reported. In this study,the changes of phase and morphology of the powders were observed with the ratio of In and Ga ions and the increase of reaction temperature. The phases of CIS and CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 were synthesized in a = 0.1. The phase of CIS and two kinds of CIGS coexisted in the range of a = 0.3~0.7. In a = 0.9, the single phase of CuIn0.9Ga0.1Se2 was synthesized in the same ratio as the source materials. In the case of the a = 0.5 com-position, as the concentration of material source and the reaction temperature were increased, the particle size of synthesized CIGS was decreased. The CIGS particles of 200 nm size and the lower aggregate were synthesized in the concentration of 0.01 M at 230 °C.
Molten Salt Synthesis of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Powders for SOFC Cathode Electrode
Sin-il Gu,Hyo-soon Shin,Youn-woo Hong,Dong-hun Yeo,Jong-hee Kim,남산,윤상옥 대한금속·재료학회 2012 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.18 No.4
For La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) perovskite, used as the cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), it is known that the formation of a triple-phase-boundary is restrained due to the formation of a second phase at the YSZ/electrode interface at high temperature. To decrease the 2nd phase, lowering the sintering temperature has been used. LSM powder was synthesized by molten salt synthesis method to control its particle size, shape, and agglomeration. We have characterized the phase formation, particle size, shape, and sintering behavior of LSM in the synthesis using the variation of KCl, LiCl, KF and its mixed salts as raw materials. In the case of KCl and KCl-KF salts, the particle size and shape of the LSM was well controlled and synthesized. However, in the case of LiCl and KCl-LiCl salts, LiMnOx as 2nd phase and LSM were synthesized simultaneously. In the case of the mixed salt of KCl-KF, the growth mechanism of the LSM particle was changed from ‘diffusion-controlled’ to ‘reaction-controlled’ according to the amount of mixed salt. The sintering temperature can be decreased below 1000 °C by using the synthesized LSM powder.