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Authenticity in Religious Tourism Experiences - A Case Study of Fo Guang Shan Monastery in Taiwan
Isabell Handler 한국문화관광학회 2017 문화관광연구 Vol.19 No.2
In recent years there has been a lively discussion in the literature on the subjects of authenticity, heritage tourism and the effect of globalization on local cultures. There are as many advocates as there are critics with varying opinions on what represents ‘authenticity’, and whether policies for the preservation, safeguarding should be realized or not. As there is little research on authenticity in religious tourism and as most was conducted in western countries, this paper will contribute to the literature significantly. It explores, using qualitative research methods, whether signs of globalization at the Fo Guang Shan Monastery in Taiwan, and aspects perceived as less authentic, have an impact on the travel experience of young Taiwanese visitors. A group of 62 students visited the religious site and had to write down their thoughts on the site as a whole, the available souvenirs, and the rituals at the monastery. They were further asked to take pictures to support their thoughts, write on the importance of religious attractions during their trip, and whether Fo Guang Shan Monastery is an ‘authentic’ religious location with meaningful rituals to them or rather a destination for tourists. The findings indicate that religion seems to be of high importance to the students’ lives and, when considering the temple grounds of the monastery, they perceive the location having high value and being a fantastic attraction, there are however, some aspects of the main entrance hall which took away their feeling of authenticity: the presence of Starbucks, ice cream shops, and clothing shops. Participants showed a positive attitude towards all souvenirs, regardless of whether they were perceived authentic or not. In summary, students found the monastery of high value, in both religious and touristic senses, and support the idea of religious monuments acting as tourist attractions.
Redaelli, M.,Kepler, S. O.,Costa, J. E. S.,Winget, D. E.,Handler, G.,Castanheira, B. G.,Kanaan, A.,Fraga, L.,Henrique, P.,Giovannini, O.,Provencal, J. L.,Shipman, H. L.,Dalessio, J.,Thompson, S. E.,Mu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.415 No.2
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>PG 1351+489 is one of the 20 DBVs – pulsating helium‐atmosphere white dwarf stars – known and has the simplest power spectrum for this class of star, making it a good candidate to study cooling rates. We report accurate period determinations for the main peak at 489.334 48 s and two other normal modes using data from the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) observations of 1995 and 2009. In 2009, we detected a new pulsation mode and the main pulsation mode exhibited substantial change in its amplitude compared to all previous observations. We were able to estimate the star's rotation period, of 8.9 h, and discuss a possible determination of the rate of period change of (2.0 ± 0.9) × 10<SUP>−13</SUP> s s <SUP>−1</SUP>, the first such estimate for a DBV.</P>
Lewis, Tina A.,Tzeng, Yang-Sheng,McKinstry, Erin L.,Tooker, Angela C.,Hong, Kwansoo,Sun, Yanping,Mansour, Joey,Handler, Zachary,Albert, Mitchell S. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol.53 No.2
<P>As another step toward extracting quantitative information from hyperpolarized <SUP>3</SUP>He MRI, airway diameters in humans were measured from projection images and multislice images of the lungs. Values obtained were in good agreement with the Weibel lung morphometry model. The measurement of airway caliber can now be achieved without the use of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that 3D airway tree renderings could be constructed from the multislice data. Both the measurement of airway diameters and the rendering of 3D airway information hold promise for the clinical assessment of bronchoconstrictive diseases such as asthma and the associated evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Work is being done to address the uncertainties of the manually intensive methods we have developed. Magn Reson Med 53:474–478, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>