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Infrastructure-assisted joint power adaptation and routing for heterogeneous vehicular networks
Hameed Mir, Zeeshan,Ko, Young-Bae,Filali, Fethi,Kim, Jaebeom Elsevier 2019 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.73 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In vehicular networks, protocols and algorithms rely on the in-network status information and its delivery via control messages for their operations. Using the same wireless channel for data and control message transmissions consume significant channel capacity and time, thus resulting in performance degradation. In this paper, a multi-tiered, heterogeneous vehicular network architecture is considered consisting of mainly two radio access technologies, i.e., ad hoc and cellular. Based on the concept of <I>infrastructure-assistance</I>, we suggested offloading control messages over the cellular network and data over the ad hoc network. Next, an efficient broadcast algorithm is proposed that exploits predicted connectivity information to decide on transmit power levels for each vehicle. Finally, a joint transmit power adaptation, and routing algorithm is implemented to disseminate data over a multi-hop network. Through extensive simulations, we reported significant performance gains in terms of delay, collision rate, and packet delivery ratio while maintaining lower communication overhead.</P>
Mir Sadiq Shah,Mark Eppinger,Safia Ahmed,Aamer Ali Shah,Abdul Hameed,Fariha Hasan 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2
Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.
Shah, Mir Sadiq,Eppinger, Mark,Ahmed, Safia,Shah, Aamer Ali,Hameed, Abdul,Hasan, Fariha The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2
Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.