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AHMED, Wahab,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,RAUF, Abdul,ULHAQ, SM Nabeel,BANO, Safia,SARWAR, Bilal,HUDA, Shams ul,KHAN, Mirwaise,WALI, Ahmed,DURRANI, Maryam Najeeb Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.
Shah, Mir Sadiq,Eppinger, Mark,Ahmed, Safia,Shah, Aamer Ali,Hameed, Abdul,Hasan, Fariha The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2
Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.
A Latent Factor (PLS-SEM) Approach: Assessing the Determinants of Effective Knowledge Transfer
ANJUM, Reham,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,BANO, Safia,NAZIR, Sidra,GULRAIZ, Hira,AHMED, Wahab Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2
The Knowledge Transfer (KT) for higher education institutions (HEIs) is boundless. Still and all, the members of the staff affiliated with these institutions do recognize an array of hitches in relation to KT practices. The study in question underscores social interactions, training, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as the primary barriers and treats them as the independent variables of the study. The study posits that inadequate management of the above-mentioned barriers would impact effective KT unfavorably. Besides, putting forth some striking solutions needed to fix the obstructions that hamper the adequate management of the KT exercises is another aim of the study. For data collection purposes, the study picks out higher education institutions (public) of the Quetta district. The reckoned sample size is 317 subjects. The research type that has been used is cross-sectional research and, in this context, the cross-sectional explanatory sequential design has been used. Concerning the findings of the paper, the results of PLS-SEM show positive and significant relationships of social interaction and training with knowledge transfer, while ICT shows an insignificant positive relationship with the knowledge transfer. The most influencing factor for the knowledge transfer is social interaction as suggested by social interaction theory.
Mir Sadiq Shah,Mark Eppinger,Safia Ahmed,Aamer Ali Shah,Abdul Hameed,Fariha Hasan 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2
Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes are major foodborne pathogens causing gastrointestinal tract infections leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Consumption of raw vegetables is encouraged due to its nutrient content and antioxidant properties, although their ingestion is linked to a series of foodborne disease outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli pathotypes in raw vegetables and ready-to-eat salad for the development of better risk management. A total of 260 vegetable and salad mix (cucumber, lettuce, spinach, and carrot) samples were collected from commercial food markets in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan. About 34 % vegetable samples were contaminated with E. coli strains. 32.4 % E. coli strains from vegetable sample were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Similarly, 26.7 % of salad samples were contaminated with E. coli pathotypes. 15 % [two Enterotoxigenic E. coli and one Enteropathogenic E. coli] were isolated from spinach salad samples. 25 % [three Enterotoxigenic E. coli, one Enteropathogenic E. coli and one Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type A. 40 % [four Enterotoxigenic E. coli, two Enteropathogenic E. coli and two Shiga toxin-producing E. coli] were isolated from mixed salad type B. 92 % diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes showed resistance against Tetracycline and 87 % to Ampicillin. This study showed that fresh vegetable and their products were contaminated with multidrug-resistant E. coli pathotypes.
Superior dye degradation using SnO2-ZnO hybrid heterostructure catalysts
Shama Sehar,Iffat Naz,Irum Perveen,Safia Ahmed 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.1
We investigated the efficiency of oxide based hierarchical heterostructure as adsorbent for the treatment of organic dyes, Methyl orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB), containing solution. Nanocrystals such as ZnO nanorods (at various temperatures of 30, 60 and 75 oC) and SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by electrodeposition method and hydrothermal approaches, respectively. SnO2-ZnO heterostructures were formed by spin coating SnO2 nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods matrix to form a heterostructured film. The surface morphologies and structural characterization of as-prepared heterostructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. While, absorption spectra of all samples were examined by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared samples for organic dyes degradation were tested under UV light as model reaction. The SnO2-ZnO heterostructured photocatalyst showed superior activities than individual ZnO and SnO2 nanocrystals. This heightened behavior was attributed to its better charge separation capability and the slow charge recombination originating due to difference in energy values of conduction band edges of SnO2 and ZnO. The SnO2-ZnO heterostructure demonstrated better stability and recyclability up to five times, which is highly desirable for potential industrial applications including dye degradation and wastewater treatment systems.
Response of Wheat Growth and Productivity to Exogenous Polyamines under Lead Stress
Mostafa M Rady,Mohamed A Seif El-Yazal,Hanan AA Taie,Safia MA Ahmed 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.5
Polyamines [i.e. spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put)] antagonistic effects on stress imposed by 2.0 mM lead (Pb 2+ ) on growth, yield and its components and changes in the osmoprotectant and endogenous Pb 2+ concentrations, the contents of some nutrients and tissue health in wheat plants were evaluated. Under the three applied polyamine (PAs) applications, the efficiency of wheat plants to tolerate Pb 2+ stress in terms of growth and yield characteristics was noticed to varying degrees. The enhancements in osmoprotectant concentrations and plant health [in terms of relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI)], and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL) and plant Pb 2+ concentration were correlated with the reasonable growth of Pb 2+ -stressed plants and their grain yield. Results point out that, better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents were obtained with seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put than those generated with seed soaking in water under 2.0 mM Pb 2+ stress. In contrast, EL and the concentration of endogenous Pb 2+ were significantly reduced. However, the Pb 2+ -free control positively exceeded the all stressed treatments. Among all tested PAs, 1.0 mM Put showed the best results and thus is recommended, as seed soaking, for wheat to grow well under Pb 2+ stress.
Alshammari, Fawaz Dabea,Khalifa, Amany M,Kosba, Ayman Ahmed,Khalil, Nuhar A,Ali, Safia M,Hassouna, Mona M,Elawad, Gamal Mohamed,Ginaw, Ibrahim Abdelmajeed,Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7
Background: The aim of this study was to assess cancer awareness among medical students in Saudi Arabia toward tobacco and alcohol use as risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from October to December 2014, covering 1200 medical students, was performed. Results: Of the total, 975 (81.25%) responded. The male to female ratio was 1.00:7.125. 96/975 (9.8%) had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, and 51/975 (5.23%) were alcoholic beverage consumers. On asking them whether tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption can cause cancer, only 4/975 (0.4%) and 14/975 (1.43%) answered no for smoking and alcohol, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking and alcohol use is very low among medical students, which might be due to high female contribution besides social stigma. The prevalence of second-hand smoke (SHS) was found to be very high in Hail region.
Arshad Ifzan,Qureshi Khizar,Lee Shern-Long,Khan Safia,Abid Muhammad Amin,Bokhari Awais,Bahajjaj Aboud Ahmed Awadh,Ahmed Muhammad Naeem 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.10
In the current study, the N,N′,N″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(1-phenylmethanimine) (MBSB) condensation product of melamine (triazine) and benzaldehyde was investigated as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in a 0.5 M HCl. The ability of the synthesized tris-Schiff base to suppress corrosion was evaluated utilizing weight loss measurements and electrochemical techniques. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94.78%, 93.99% and 93.80% was achieved using 100 ppm of MBSB in weight loss measurements, polarization, and EIS tests, respectively. It was observed that increasing inhibitor concentration enhanced inhibition performance, whereas increasing temperature lowered inhibition performance. The analyses demonstrated that the synthesized tris-Schiff base inhibitor followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the inhibitor was an effective mixed-type inhibitor having a low cathodic predominance. According to the electrochemical impedance measurements, the Rct values increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration. In addition, theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were performed to reveal the anticorrosion mechanism. The weight loss and electrochemical assessments were also supported by surface characterization analysis and show a substantial smoothness in the surface morphology.