Regulation of sperm-specific proteins by IFE-1, a germline-specific homolog of eIF4E, in C. elegans

Kawasaki, Ichiro,Jeong, Myung-Hwan,Shim, Yhong-Hee Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.2

“어기설”과 중세한국어 동사활용

Kawasaki Keigo 형태론 2011 형태론 Vol.13 No.2

‘Verbal Base Grammar (VBG, 語基說)’, an analyzing method of Korean verbal conjugation used mainly in Japan, is a quite useful tool and can be seen to be compatible and to coexist with the ordinary analyzing method in Korea (non-VBG) by understanding the concept of ‘phonological word’. The two methods — VBG and non-VBG — can both describe every phenomenon about Korean verbal conjugation. The difference is only that sometimes one can offer a more clear and refined explanation than the other, or vice versa, depending on the subject that is explained. This paper illustrates how to practically utilize VBG. For example, ① the well-known Middle Korean ‘doublet stem’ verb ‘achyet-’/‘achyer-’(“hate”) is revealed to be a ‘doublet’ only in the ‘2nd base’ in the sight of VBG. This localized doublet is likely to have been formed historically by the series of weakening and dropping phenomena related to ‘ㄹ’, which is universal in the Korean language. We found that ② the ‘-e ho-’ construction never appears with the shape of ‘3rd base’, and we also demonstrate that this was directly related to the grammaticalization of ‘mwot nay V’ (“can-not accomplish V-ing”) to the adverb ‘mwotnay’ (“boundlessly”). It should be emphasized that VBG not only offers a compact and clear explanation of ‘irregular verbs’ as has often been noticed, but also enables us to observe the verbs with a concrete ‘paradigms’ and not with an abstract concept of the ‘stem’. The paradigmatic nature of VBG and its way of description is expected to be a powerful tool in the study of Korean verbal conjugation. 한국어 동사활용 기술에 있어서 주로 일본에서 사용되고 있는 ‘語基說’은 ‘음운론적 단어’(phonological word)라는 개념을 이론적 근거로 삼음으로써 한국에서 일반적인 기술방식(‘非語基說’)과 모순없이 양립할 수 있으며, 실제로 매우 유용한 도구가 된다. 이들 두 가지 기술방식은 양쪽 다 모든 현상을 기술할 수가 있으되, 다만 분석의 대상에 따라 기술이 간결해지거나 복잡해질 수 있을 뿐이다. 본고에서는 실제로 ‘어기’를 구사하면서, 중세한국어의 활용현상에 관한 새로운 사실을 밝히기도 한다. 예를 들어 ① 중세어 ‘아쳗-’[厭]는 ‘아쳗-’/‘아쳘-’가 공존하는 ‘쌍형어간’으로 흔히 알려져 있는데, 사실 이는 한국어에서 보편적인 ‘ㄹ’에 관한 일련의 약화·탈락현상으로 인해 第Ⅱ語基에 국한되어 형성된 쌍형어간이라는 사실이 밝혀진다. 또한 ② 소위 ‘-어 ㅎ-’ 구문은 第Ⅲ語基를 취하지 않는다는 사실 및 이와 관련하여 ‘몯 내 V’[V해 낼 수 없다]가 부사 ‘몯내’[끝없이]로 어휘화된 기제 등이 밝혀진다. 語基說이 변격활용을 간결하게 기술할 수 있다는 점은 흔히 지적되어 왔으나, 이처럼 추상화된 ‘어간’뿐만 아니라 항상 구체적인 ‘패러다임’을 볼 시각을 갖게 해 주는 語基說과 그 기술 방법은, 이 분야의 연구에 새로운 힘을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

Hopes and Traps on the Path to a Nuclear-Free Japan: The Fukushima Disaster and Civil Society

( Kawasaki Akira ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2013 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.37 No.4

The Fukushima nuclear disaster, which caused complex societal damage, also led to a shift in Japanese public opinion supporting the move away from nuclear power. The nuclear phaseout movement has transcended the traditional framework of Japanese social movements and has the potential to become a new force for reform. However, the Japanese nuclear phaseout is also complicated by the Liberal Democratic Party`s style of rule, the link with nuclear weapons, and the relationship between Tokyo and the areas hosting the nuclear power plants. This article considers the future outlook for an energy shift and political reform in Japan with a focus on the roles of civil society and local leadership. KEYWORDS: nuclear power, civil society, nuclear weapons, Fukushima disaster.The Fukushima nuclear disaster, which caused complex societal damage, also led to a shift in Japanese public opinion supporting the move away from nuclear power. The nuclear phaseout movement has transcended the traditional framework of Japanese social movements and has the potential to become a new force for reform. However, the Japanese nuclear phaseout is also complicated by the Liberal Democratic Party`s style of rule, the link with nuclear weapons, and the relationship between Tokyo and the areas hosting the nuclear power plants. This article considers the future outlook for an energy shift and political reform in Japan with a focus on the roles of civil society and local leadership. KEYWORDS: nuclear power, civil society, nuclear weapons, Fukushima disaster.

월인석보 권20 훼손 부분의 복원과 이용

( Kawasaki Keigo ),( Sugiyama Yutaka ),정혜린 ( Jeong Hye-rin ) 국어학회 2013 국어학 Vol.67 No.-

≪月印釋譜≫ 卷20의 현존본은, 안타깝게도 <太子須大拏經> 해당 부분이 68장부터 83장까지 15장에 걸쳐 지면 하단 부분을 중심으로 심하게 훼손되어 있어 자료로서 이용하기가 어려웠다. 그러나 사실 이는 어느 정도 복원이 가능하다. 즉, 훼손 부분에 몇 글자가 들어가는지를 정확히 세어, 底經인 <太子須大拏經>을 자세히 검토하되 ≪釋譜詳節≫, ≪月印釋譜≫에서의 전반적인 底經 번역 양상도 함께 고려하면서 우리가 현재 가지고 있는 중세한국어에 대한 모든 지식을 동원하면, 상당 부분에 대해 어느 정도 객관성이 있는 복원 작업을 할 수가 있는 것이다. 본고는 그러한 작업을 시도하여, 나아가 그 결과물 중에서 한국어사적으로 이용가치가 높은 정보를 구체적으로 지적함으로써 이 복원 작업의 학술적 중요성을 강조하고자 한다. It is unfortunate for us that the only available book of the volume 20 of Worin-seokbo is seriously damaged from the page 69 to 83 mainly in the lower part of it, so we find it difficult to read the part of the Middle Korean translation of original Chinese sutra Taizi Xudana Jing (太子須大拏經, Prince Sudana Sutra), or to utilize it as a historical language text. It is, however, not impossible for us to restore the original text to some extent: At first we precisely count the number of letters to be restored, then translate the corresponding letters of Taizi Xudana Jing into Middle Korean with all the our grammatical knowledge available, carefully contrasting with general style and patterns of translation in Seokbosangjeol and Worin-seokbo. We will not only try to restore the original text as much as possible, but also try to find out some newly available historical linguistic facts from it so we can illustrate the significance of this work.

Description of the Superplastic Flow Process by Deformation Mechanism Maps in Ultrafine-Grained Materials

Kawasaki, Megumi,Langdon, Terence G. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2016 Materials science forum Vol.838 No.-

<P>The synthesis of ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials is very attractive because small grains lead to excellent creep properties including superplastic ductility at elevated temperatures. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is an attractive processing technique for refining microstructures of metallic materials to have ultrafine grain sizes within the submicrometer to even the nanometer level. Among the SPD techniques, most effective processing is conducted through equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT) and there are numerous reports demonstrating the improved tensile properties at elevated temperature. This report demonstrates recent results on superplasticity in metals after ECAP and HPT. Moreover, superplastic flow of the UFG materials is evaluated by using flow mechanisms developed earlier for coarse-grained materials and depicted by plotting deformation mechanism maps which provide excellent visual representations of flow properties over a wide range of testing conditions.</P>

Review: achieving superplastic properties in ultrafine-grained materials at high temperatures

Kawasaki, Megumi,Langdon, Terence G. Springer-Verlag 2016 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.51 No.1

<P>The mechanisms of superplasticity occurring in conventional materials, having grains sizes of the order of a few microns, are now understood reasonably well. However, very recent advances in the processing of ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals have provided an opportunity to extend the understanding of flow behavior to include UFG materials with submicrometer grain sizes. In practice, processing through the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD), as in equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT), has permitted the fabrication of relatively large samples having UFG microstructures. Since the occurrence of superplastic flow generally requires a grain size smaller than similar to 10 mu m, it is reasonable to anticipate that materials processed by SPD will exhibit superplastic ductilities when pulled in tension at elevated temperatures. This review examines recent results that demonstrate the occurrence of exceptional superplastic flow in a series of UFG aluminum and magnesium alloys after ECAP and HPT. The results are analyzed to evaluate the superplastic flow mechanism and to compare with materials processed using different techniques. The critical issue of microstructural inhomogeneity is examined in two-phase UFG materials after SPD processing and the influence of microstructural homogeneity on the superplastic properties is also demonstrated.</P>

Computation of annular capacity by Hamiltonian Floer theory of non-contractible periodic trajectories

Kawasaki, Morimichi,Orita, Ryuma American Institute of Mathematical Sciences 2017 Journal of modern dynamics Vol.11 No.-

<P>The first author [9] introduced a relative symplectic capacity C for a symplectic manifold (N, omega(N)) and its subset X which measures the existence of non-contractible periodic trajectories of Hamiltonian isotopies on the product of N with the annulus A(R) = (-R, R) x R/Z. In the present paper, we give an exact computation of the capacity C of the 2n-torus T-2n relative to a Lagrangian submanifold T-n which implies the existence of non-contractible Hamiltonian periodic trajectories on A(R) x T-2n. Moreover, we give a lower bound on the number of such trajectories.</P>

Using high-pressure torsion to process an aluminum-magnesium nanocomposite through diffusion bonding

Kawasaki, Megumi,Ahn, Byungmin,Lee, HanJoo,Zhilyaev, Alexander P.,Langdon, Terence G. Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2016 Journal of materials research Vol.31 No.1

<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>Disks of commercial Al-1050 and ZK60A alloys were stacked together and then processed by conventional high-pressure torsion (HPT) through 1 and 5 turns at room temperature to investigate the synthesis of an Al-Mg alloy system. Measurements of microhardness and observations of the microstructures and local compositions after processing through 5 turns revealed the formation of an ultrafine multi-layered structure in the central region of the disk but with an intermetallic β-Al3Mg2 phase in the form of nano-layers in the nanostructured Al matrix near the edge of the disk. The activation energy for diffusion bonding of the Al and Mg phases was estimated and it is shown that this value is low and consistent with surface diffusion due to the very high density of vacancy-type defects introduced by HPT processing. The results demonstrate a significant potential for making use of HPT processing in the preparation of new alloy systems.</P></▼2>

MODIFIED THIAMINE COMPOUNDS

Kawasaki, Chikataro The Korean Nutrition Society 1971 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.33 No.8

Fabrication of nanocomposites through diffusion bonding under high-pressure torsion

Kawasaki, Megumi,Han, Jae-Kyung,Lee, Dong-Hyun,Jang, Jae-il,Langdon, Terence G. Published for the Materials Research Society by th 2018 Journal of materials research Vol.33 No.18

<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>This report summarizes a recent study demonstrating simple and rapid synthesis of a new Al-Mg alloy system and ultimately synthesizing a metal matrix nanocomposite, which was achieved by processing stacked disks of the two dissimilar metals by conventional high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing. The synthesized Al-Mg alloy system exhibits exceptionally high hardness through rapid diffusion bonding and simultaneous nucleation of intermetallic phases with increased numbers of HPT turns through 20, and improved plasticity was demonstrated by increasing strain rate sensitivity in the alloy system after post-deformation annealing. An additional experiment demonstrated that the alternate stacking of high numbers of dissimilar metal disks may produce a faster metal mixture during HPT. Metal combinations of Al-Cu, Al-Fe, and Al-Ti were processed by the same HPT procedure from separate pure metals to examine the feasibility of the processing technique. The microstructural analysis confirmed the capability of HPT for the formation of heterostructures across the disk diameters in these processed alloy systems. The HPT processing demonstrates a considerable potential for the joining and bonding of dissimilar metals at room temperature and the expeditious fabrication of a wide range of new metal systems.</P></▼2>