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Van Oss, S. Branden,Shirra, Margaret K.,Bataille, Alain R.,Wier, Adam D.,Yen, Kuangyu,Vinayachandran, Vinesh,Byeon, In-Ja L.,Cucinotta, Christine E.,Hé,roux, Annie,Jeon, Jongcheol,Kim, Jaehoon,V Elsevier 2016 Molecular cell Vol.64 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>The five-subunit yeast Paf1 complex (Paf1C) regulates all stages of transcription and is critical for the monoubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub), a modification that broadly influences chromatin structure and eukaryotic transcription. Here, we show that the histone modification domain (HMD) of Paf1C subunit Rtf1 directly interacts with the ubiquitin conjugase Rad6 and stimulates H2Bub independently of transcription. We present the crystal structure of the Rtf1 HMD and use site-specific, in vivo crosslinking to identify a conserved Rad6 interaction surface. Utilizing ChIP-exo analysis, we define the localization patterns of the H2Bub machinery at high resolution and demonstrate the importance of Paf1C in targeting the Rtf1 HMD, and thereby H2Bub, to its appropriate genomic locations. Finally, we observe HMD-dependent stimulation of H2Bub in a transcription-free, reconstituted in vitro system. Taken together, our results argue for an active role for Paf1C in promoting H2Bub and ensuring its proper localization in vivo.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Histone modification domain (HMD) of Rtf1 directly contacts Rad6 in vivo </LI> <LI> HMD structure and in vivo crosslinking identify a conserved Rad6 interaction surface </LI> <LI> Paf1C regulates global H2B ubiquitylation (ub) patterns by linking HMD to Pol II </LI> <LI> HMD stimulates Bre1-dependent H2Bub in a transcription-free, reconstituted assay </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Choirs, H I galaxy groups: catalogue and detection of star-forming dwarf group members
Sweet, S. M.,Meurer, G.,Drinkwater, M. J.,Kilborn, V.,Dé,nes, H.,Bekki, K.,Hanish, D.,Ferguson, H.,Knezek, P.,Bland-Hawthorn, J. Oxford University Press 2013 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.433 No.1
A discontinuous Galerkin method for elliptic interface problems with application to electroporation
Guyomarc'h, Gré,gory,Lee, Chang-Ock,Jeon, Kiwan John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Communications in numerical methods in engineering Vol.25 No.10
<P>We solve elliptic interface problems using a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, for which discontinuities in the solution and in its normal derivatives are prescribed on an interface inside the domain. Standard ways to solve interface problems with finite element methods consist in enforcing the prescribed discontinuity of the solution in the finite element space. Here, we show that the DG method provides a natural framework to enforce both discontinuities weakly in the DG formulation, provided the triangulation of the domain is fitted to the interface. The resulting discretization leads to a symmetric system that can be efficiently solved with standard algorithms. The method is shown to be optimally convergent in the L<SUP>2</SUP>-norm. We apply our method to the numerical study of electroporation, a widely used medical technique with applications to gene therapy and cancer treatment. Mathematical models of electroporation involve elliptic problems with dynamic interface conditions. We discretize such problems into a sequence of elliptic interface problems that can be solved by our method. We obtain numerical results that agree with known exact solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Tunneling decay of self-gravitating vortices
Dupuis, É,ric,Gobeil, Yan,Lee, Bum-Hoon,Lee, Wonwoo,MacKenzie, Richard,Paranjape, Manu B.,Yajnik, Urjit A.,Yeom, Dong-han,Gwak, B.,Kang, G.,Kim, C.,Kim, H.-C.,Lee, C.-H.,Lee, J.,Lee, S.,Lee, W. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.168 No.-
<P>We investigate tunneling decay of false vortices in the presence of gravity, in which vortices are trapped in the false vacuum of a theory of scalar electrodynamics in three dimensions. The core of the vortex contains magnetic flux in the true vacuum, while outside the vortex is the appropriate topologically nontrivial false vacuum. We numerically obtain vortex solutions which are classically stable; however, they could decay via tunneling. To show this phenomenon, we construct the proper junction conditions in curved spacetime. We find that the tunneling exponent for the vortices is half that for Coleman-de Luccia bubbles and discuss possible future applications.</P>
Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Across Tumors from 8, 705 Patients
Kahles, André,Lehmann, Kjong-Van,Toussaint, Nora C.,Hü,ser, Matthias,Stark, Stefan G.,Sachsenberg, Timo,Stegle, Oliver,Kohlbacher, Oliver,Sander, Chris,Rä,tsch, Gunnar Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2018 Cancer cell Vol.34 No.2
Stabilization of monodisperse electrosprays in the multi-jet mode via electric field enhancement
Duby, Marie-Hé,lè,ne,Deng, Weiwei,Kim, Kyoungtae,Gomez, Tommaso,Gomez, Alessandro Elsevier 2006 Journal of aerosol science Vol.37 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The electrospray of conducting liquids operated in the cone-jet mode is well known to have the unique ability of generating droplets uniform in size over a phenomenal range of sizes depending primarily on the liquid flow rate and physical properties. Since there is a monotonic dependence of size on flow rate, the liquid flow rates that can be dispersed are modest if the goal is to produce very small (below a few micrometers in diameter) droplets. Yet, this is precisely the application niche for which few, if any, atomization alternatives are available. Multiplexing the spray source is indispensable for the electrospray capabilities to have an impact in high-value-added applications. We report here on a novel approach to multiplexing based on a well-known, but hitherto unexploited, regime of operation, the multi-jet mode. Ordinarily, such a mode is rather unsteady and the range of flow rates at which appreciable multiplexing is achieved is small. However, if the multi-jet mode is anchored by some sharp features (e.g., grooves, ridges, etc.) machined at the outlet of the atomizer, to intensify the electric field at discrete points around its perimeter, then the cone-jets are simultaneously anchored at these features and a stable mode of operation is identified over several hundreds of volts and a broad range of flow rates. Most importantly, so long as the machining is accurately reproduced from point to point, droplets generated do not vary significantly in size from spray to spray. As a result, a compact, inexpensive and versatile multiplexing system is realized without sacrificing droplet monodispersity.</P>
Nonlinear Analysis and Design of Membrane Fabric Structures: Modeling Procedure and Case Studies
Gil Pé,rez, Marta,Kang, Thomas H.-K.,Sin, Ina,Kim, Seung Deog American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of structural engineering Vol.142 No.11
<P>Membrane fabric structures are spatial structures that allow for long span and lightweight roofs. In many cases, membrane roofs are supported with trusses or masts and prestressed together with cables to obtain a resistant shape for a given loading condition. For the design of membrane structures, geometrically nonlinear analysis is required. Additionally, modeling of each membrane element and form-finding of the shape are of great importance in the design process. First, an equilibrium-finding analysis is conducted for the purpose of obtaining the optimal shape of the membrane structure, during which the initial stresses of the membrane and cables must be balanced. Next, the stress-deformation analysis is performed for the required loading condition. This analysis allows understanding of the behavior of the structure and confirms that the design of the membrane satisfies the required safety factor for the construction. The analyses of the Southwestern Baseball Dome in Seoul and the Jeju Stadium Dome in Jeju Island, both in Korea, are presented, with an emphasis on details in all aspects of the analysis process. It is found that the selection of analysis and design techniques and appropriate construction materials would be most critical. The analysis results also show that the form-finding step has a significant effect on increasing the stiffness of the structure and a more regular geometry promotes a more stable response under various loading conditions.</P>
The kinematics of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5728 circumnuclear region
Son, D.-H.,Hyung, S.,Ferruit, P.,Pé,contal, E.,Lee, W.-B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.395 No.2
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We secured spectral images of the circumnuclear, 12 × 10 arcsec<SUP>2</SUP> region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5728 with the Optically Adaptive System for Imaging Spectroscopy at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope 3.6-m telescope. The radial velocity distribution of the two bright zones, main central (C) core and north-west (NW) core, and strategically important points along the position angles, PA 33°, 90°, 123° and 143°, are analysed. The large-scale reconstructed monochromatic images of the Hα, Hβ, [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>] and [N <SMALL>II</SMALL>] lines show a bipolar morphology along PA ∼ 123°. The prominent elliptical ring is seen in the Hα and Hβ monochromatic images. Our analysis implies that this ring is rotating in the same clockwise direction as that of the galactic disc; this elliptical ring is in fact a projected result of a circular ring of radius ∼5.4 arcsec, with <I>i</I>∼ 50° (nearly aligned with the host galactic plane).</P><P>We used the [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>]5007 line profiles for a detailed analysis of kinematics in the circumnuclear region of the NGC 5728. The [O <SMALL>III</SMALL>]5007 line profiles reveal distinct kinematical structures. (1) The strongest component of Doppler peaks: two core components, consisting of the receding main C-core and the approaching NW-core with the radial velocities, <I>V</I><SUB>r</SUB>≃+250 and −240 (or −250) km s<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. These two cores consist of a roughly spherically symmetric distribution of the gas with radii of <I>r</I>∼ 1.0 arcsec (at <I>V</I><SUB>r</SUB>≃+240 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>) and 0.9 arcsec (at <I>V</I><SUB>r</SUB>≃−240 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>), respectively. Hints of the presence of inflows around these cores are observed. (2) The next strong line profile component: this component corresponds to the bipolar cone aligned PA ∼ 123°. (3) The reverse S-shaped kinematical boundary which runs through the double-peaked zone of 6–7 arcsec long in the galactic major axis direction is likely to be caused by a combination of the disc rotation of the host galaxy and the revolution of the two central cores.</P>