Obstruent alternations in sub-compounds

Gyung-Ran Kim 한국음운론학회 2001 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.7 No.2

Kim, Gyung-Ran. 2001. Obstruent alternations in sub-compounds. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 7.2. 315-331. In this paper, three points are made with the data from obstruent alternations in a sub-compound noun such as tensing in Korean, voicing in Japanese, and gemination in Malayalam. First, each process occurs in a sub-compound, not in a co-compound, due to the difference in semantic dependency of the constituents. Second, normally the head of a sub-compound needs to be different from its counterpart in a co-compound or that in a free noun for the same reason. Third, a particular process, not others, in each language results from the obstruent inventory of each language. (Yeungnam University)

Revisit to Korean Irregular Verbs

Gyung-Ran Kim 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.1

Kim, Gyung-Ran. 2000. Revisit to Korean Irregular Verbs. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.1, 21-39. This is to compare a rule-based account with a constraint-based account of so-called Korean irregular verbs. Mainly based on the data of /s/-irregular verbs, which show a case of phonological opacity before vowel-initial suffixes, the latter account is shown to be better. The theoretical assumptions of Optimality Theory themselves lead to the selection of a better account, since there is no need of unnecessary proliferation of intermediate levels of representations, which is indispensible in a rule-based counterpart. (Yeungnam University)

Leveling in Korean

Gyung-Ran Kim 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

Kim, Gyung-Ran. 1998. Leveling in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 4, 89-108. The purpose of this paper is to provide an explanation for a new tendency in casual speech of. Korean related with coda condition and cluster simplification: paradigm leveling. Difference between careful and casual speech is shown to result from difference in constraint ranking in the framework of Optimality Theory. The availability of stems as independent words is crucial to asymmetries between nouns and verbs and the relevant constraint is an output-to-output constraint Base-Identity(Kenstowicz, 1995). The relative position in the constraint hierarchy of Base-Identity and other constraints determines speech style difference. Functionalism is seen to be working behind this leveling phenomenon. Both ease of articulation in s-neutralization and ease of perception in Base-Identity play a role in casual speech. (Yeungnam University)

/I/-deletion in Korean:a problematic case for an OT-based account

Gyung-Ran Kim 한국음운론학회 2003 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.9 No.1

Kim, Gyung-Ran. 2003. III-deletion in Korean: a problematic case for an OT based account. Studies in Phonetices, Phonlogy and Morphology 9.1. 17-35. This study is to point out some problems with the analysis of /l/-deletion in relation to /i/-deletion in Korean within the framework of OT Based on the data from Korean verbs and nouns, three problems are addressed: the use of specific morpheme boundaries in constraints, intermediate forms, and the treatment of optional output forms. This study shows that none of the three problems is explained properly in OT and that neither the division of the constraint ranking according to lexical and post-lexical levels nor that to the lexical category is appropriate. (Yeungnam University)

좋은 죽음의 개념 분석

이경주,황경혜,라정란,홍정아,박재순 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 2006 호스피스논집 Vol.10 No.-

Purpose: Death is not an option but a necessity in our life. However, there is little understanding of what a good death means. This study was conducted to analyze the concept of a good death by exploring attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical criteria for a good death in literatures. Method : Reviewed materials were collected by searching for web cites such as PubMed, National Library of Korea, National Assembly Library. Walker and Avant's method(2004) was used for this concept analysis. Results : The findings showed that a good death includes seven attributes: dignity (personal respect and privacy), self-control (the right of choice, independence, clear consciousness), comfort (physical, psychological, spiritual). optimal relationships (supportive environment, proper care, restoration of relationships), appropriateness (sequence and proper age of death), preparation for death (completing unsettled tasks, leaving a legacy, positive attitude toward life, awareness and acceptance of death) and minimizing burden. Conclusion : This results will provide health professionals and people with a preliminary understandings of a good death. In addition, there is the need for further study to develop objective measurement of a good death and effective nursing intervention for the dying.

Revisit to /l/-related Processes in Korean

Gyung Ran Kim 현대문법학회 2012 현대문법연구 Vol.70 No.-

This study reviews what previous analyses have suggested for /l/-related processes in Korean, pointing out their weak- nesses. It is shown that previous analyses framed in the standard generative phonology and feature geometry with underspecification lose generality in explanation by treating each process separately and that they cannot account for why /l/-nasalization takes place unilaterally from right to left. Lee (2012), a constraint-based analysis, is examined and criticized since it needs awkward and unnecessary assumptions centering on an underlying repre- sentation of /l/. Assuming /l/ as linked with a mora and overlapped with /n/ captures close interactions between /l/ and /n/ but leaves many questions unsolved. In his analysis, the behavior of /l/ in compounds needs to include a morpheme boundary and constraint re-ranking at once. The present study overcomes the weaknesses of previous analyses by resorting to constraints based on intersyllabic sonority difference. These constraints in combination with other faithfulness constraints solve the directionality problem and provide generality in explanation by treating all /l/-related processes at one fell swoop with no reference to constraint re-ranking in compounds.

Morphological Approaches to Aborted Anther Formation in Imperfect Flowering Helleborus Argutifolius

Gyung-Ran Do,Mi Seon Kim,Jeom Hwa Han,Hyun Hee Han,Jae Hoon Jeong,Su hyun Ryu,Yong Hee Kwon,In Myung Choi 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.5

Palynological Investigation of the Traditional Cultivars of Pyrus pryfolia in Korea

Gyung Ran Do,Yoon Gyung Kim,Sung Sik Hong,Jeom Hwa Han,Hyun Hee Han,Su hyun Ryu,In Myung Choi 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.10

Identification of molecular markers for the oncogenicdifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma

Gyung-Ran Yu,Seong-Hun Kim,Seon-Hwa Park,Xiang-Dan Cui,Dong-Yuan Xu,Hee-Chul Yu,Baik-Hwan Cho,Young-Il Yeom,Sang-Soo Kim,Sang-Bae Kim,추인선,김대곤 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.5

The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with oncogenic differentiation in hep-atocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using an unsupervised clustering method with a cDNA microarray, HCC (T) gene expression profiles and corresponding non-tu-tal 217 genes, 72 were expressed preferentialy in HCC tissues. Among 186 diferentialy regulated genes, there were molecular chaperone and tumor sup-pressor gene clusters in the Edmondson grades I and I (GI/I) subclass compared with the liver cirrhosis (LC) subclass. The Edmondson grades III and IV (GIII/IV) subclass with a poor survival (P = 0.0133) contained 122 diferentialy regulated genes with a cluster containing pared with the GI/II subclass. Imunohistochemical analysis revealed that ANXA2, one of the 72 genes pref-erentially expressed in HCC, was over-expressed in the sinusoidal endothelium and in malignant hepatocytes in HCC. The genes identified in the HCC subclasses wil be useful molecular markers for the genesis and pro-gresion of HCC. In addition, ANXA2 might be a novel marker for tumor angiogenesis in HCC.

Revisit to n/⌽ Alternation in Sub-Compounds of Korean

Gyung-Ran Kim 현대문법학회 2014 현대문법연구 Vol.81 No.-

This study takes another look at a moot problem in the analysis of Korean sub-compounds, where the second component nouns are y-initial nouns, with n/Ø alternation between two nouns. There have been two opposing approaches to this alternation: one for an /n/-insertion solution and the other for an /n/-deletion solution. However, each approach has left behind some data unaccounted for. Drawing on what is observed in Han (1994), we present another analysis to this n/⌽ alternation in a constraint-based framework of Optimality Theory. Our suggestion is that an underlying /n/ should be posited for some nouns, but not for all nouns uniformly. We argue that regardless of native Korean or Sino-Korean combinations, /n/-Insertion applies to y-initial components, only when the first components are prosodic stems. Some exceptions result from the weakening of a stem boundary, which is related with variables such as the number of syllables and the combining force or semantic relationship between the two components, and frequency effects of sub-compounds. The boundary status of the first components is shown to play a pivotal role in deciding that of the following components, backed by the condition that sisters in prosodic structure be of the same type.