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The Diaoyudao (Senkaku) Disputes and Prospects for Settlement
( Ji Guo Xing ) 한국국방연구원 1994 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.6 No.2
The Diaoyudao (Senkaku) disputes between China and Japan are one of the most controversial issues in Northeast Asia, The controversy involves two dimensions: sovereignty over the Diaoyudao Islands and the relevant maritime jurisdictional rights and interests in East China Sea. China holds that the Diaoyudao Islands have been China`s territory since ancient times, and that they appertain to Taiwan. China argues that from the viewpoints of geography, history, usage, and international treaties, the Islands belong to China. Japan holds that these Islands were terra nullius before their incorporation by Japan in 1895, and that they were not included in the Shimonoseki Treaty signed after the Sino- Japanese War in 1895, nor included in the territories Japan had to give up according to the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951. Judging from international law, the claims of China are valid and well-founded, and are stronger than those of Japan. First, China meets the requirements of acquisition by discovery. Secondly, Japan`s annex- ation of the islands is closely related to its victory in the Sino-Japanese War, and this annexation has no legal effects on sovereignty. Thirdly, the inclusion of the Islands in the Okinawa Reversion Treaty signed between Japan and the US in 1971 cannot be taken as an evidence of Japan`s sovereignty over the Islands. The disputes over the Diaoyudao Islands are in fact greatly connected with relevant maritime jurisdictional rights and interests. There exist differences between China and Japan in regard to the principles of the delimitation of continental shelf, to the maritime jurisdictional rights of isJands, and to the principles of boundary delimitation. China adheres to the natural prolongation of land territory, and holds that the Diaoyudao islands do not warrant their own continental shelf, and that the boundary delimitation should be mainly effected by agreement. Japan stands for a 200-nautical-miles limit for the continental shelf, for the use of the Islands as base points for continental shelf claims on East China Sea, and for the median-line principle in boundary delimitation. The Diaoyudao disputes have been shelved since the normalization of relations between China and Japan in 1972-a good approach, but it was only an expedient measure. Now the conditions for negotiated solutions are gradually coming to maturity. There might be three options for the settlement. The first would be to come to an agreement on boundary delimitation through negotiation in a spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accomodation. The second one is to agree to put this issue to the International Court of Justice for arbitration or to accept other forms of third-party involve- ment. The third would be to work for joint development in the disputed areas. The sea areas around the Diaoyudao Islands seem of low prospect in oil and gas reserves, but the sea areas near the Islands and on the disputed relevant continental shelf do have good prospects. The third option looks to be the most feasible approach at present.
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China versus Asian Pacific Energy Security
( Guo Xing Ji ) 한국국방연구원 1998 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.10 No.2
The global energy equation is not promising, and the oil supply prospects in world oil markets are not optimistic. It is not an unwarranted anxiety that the world will be faced with the real challenge of oil decline and shortage before long. The situation will be different from the 1970s energy crisis which was caused not by any underlying lack of supply but by Middle East politics. The technology for oil exploration and production is marching forward nowadays, but will not prevent the impending shortfall in the oil supply. Market forces are wonderful, but they cannot change the fundamental energy supply picture in the region. It is a baseless conjecture to emphasize the oversupply of oil. Energy security is of particular importance in the Asia Pacific owning to its physical unavailability to meet demands. The present Asian financial crisis has already had an impact on Asian countries` economic growth rates and on their energy demand. However, in the mid- and long-term perspectives, Asian Pacific energy demand growth can be expected to resume at a high rate. Energy security in the Asia Pacific involves three dimensions: oil and natural gas supply security due to the big gap between regional demand and supply; environmental security due to the high percentage of coal in the regional energy structure; and nuclear security due to the regional commitment to expand nuclear power plants. Among the three, oil and natural gas supply security is the key issue of Asia Pacific energy security. China has become an important player in the increasingly competitive global oil and gas markets. Its involvement in the Asian and global oil and gas energy systems is a new development. Asian Pacific energy security is closely related to China`s energy security. China plays a critical role in respect to the above-mentioned three dimensions of energy security. China will be at the root of the region`s energy problem. How China solves its enormous energy needs will be one of the greatest challenges over the coming decade. A series of concrete measures in respect to cooperative oil and gas supply security, cooperative environmental security, and cooperative nuclear security between China and other Asian Pacific countries should be worked out. Whether China can manage the growth in its energy demand while trying to wean itself from coal is a big question facing the region. China`s energy consumption should be fitted into the big international and regional energy markets, and regional energy cooperation in accommodating China`s entry into those markets is of great importance to the region and to the world. Asian Pacific energy security cooperation would not only alleviate regional energy tension, but also promote the whole process of building cooperative regional security and of China`s further integration into the world community.
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Ji, Tian-Xing,Zhi, Cheng,Guo, Xue-Guang,Zhou, Qiang,Wang, Guo-Qiang,Chen, Bo,Ma, Fei-Fei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14
Background: Previous studies investigating the association between miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and cancer risk showed inconclusive. Here, we performed meta-analysis to investigate the association between miR- 34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and digestive cancer risk. Materials and Methods: Literature database including PubMed, OVID, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for publications concerning the association between the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and digestive cancer risk. Results: A total of 6 studies consisting of 3246 cases and 3568 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The combined analysis suggested the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism significantly reduced digestive cancer risk under allelic model, homogeneous co-dominant model and recessive model (C vs T: OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.82-0.95, p-value=0.001; CC vs TT: OR =0.67, 95%CI=0.57-0.80, p-value=0.000; CC vs TT/TC: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.58-0.80, p-value=0.000). Q-test and I2 test revealed no significant heterogeneity in all genotype comparisons. The Begger's funnel plot and Egger's test did not show significant publication bias. Conclusions: The current evidence supports the conclusion that the miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism decreases an individual's susceptibility to digestive cancers.
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Guo, Lian Yu,Cai, Xing Fu,Lee, Jung-Joon,Kang, Sam-Sik,Shin, Eun-Myoung,Zhou, Hong-Yu,Jung, Ji-Won,Kim, Yeong-Shik 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.4
Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are the main active ingredients isolated from Curcumae Longae Radix. Recent studies demonstrated that both compounds exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects as well as effects on cancer cell lines. In this study, we compared the activities of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and both compounds were evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappaB $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ activity in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The evaluation:results suggested that the anti-inflammatory properties of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were attributed to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, as initiated by the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Additionally, both of them significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Taken together, all of the results showed that the suppressive effect of demethoxycurcumin was stronger than that of bisdemethoxycurcumin, indicating that the methoxy group had enhanced demethoxycurcumin's anti-inflammation effects.
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PLCE1 Gene in Esophageal Cancer and Interaction with Environmental Factors
Guo, Li-Yan,Zhang, Shen,Suo, Zhen,Yang, Chang-Shuang,Zhao, Xia,Zhang, Guo-An,Hu, Die,Ji, Xing-Zhao,Zhai, Min Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7
Objective: To study the PLCE1 gene rs2274223 polymorphism with regard to esophageal cancer and its interaction with diet, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors in Southwest Shandong province. Materials and Methods: A case series study (case-case) was conducted. Questionnaire data were collected and 3 ml-5ml venous blood was drawn for DNA extraction among the qualified research subjects. PLCE1 gene polymorphism was detected after PCR amplification of DNA. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: The three genotypes A/A, A/G and G/G PLCE1 gene rs2274223 was 31, 16 and 4 cases, accounting for 60.8%, 31.4%, 0.08% respectively. The difference of three genotypes (AA/GA/GG) proportion between negative and positive family history of patients was statistically significant, ${\chi}^2=6.213$, p=0.045. There was no statistically significant relationship between PLCE1 gene rs2274223 polymorphism and smoking, drinking, ${\chi}^2=0.119$, p=0.998, and ${\chi}^2=1.727$, p=0.786. There was no linkage of the three rs2274223 PLCE1 gene genotypes (AA/GA/GG) proportion with eating fried, pickled, hot, mildew, overnight, smoked, excitant food, eat speed, salt taste or not (p>0.05). or with living environment pollution and nine risk factors of occupational exposure (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in TS scores between different genotype of rs2274223 PLCE1 gene. Conclusions: The PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphism has a relationship with family history of esophageal cancer, but does not have any significant association with age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, food hygiene, eating habits, living around the environment and occupation in cases.
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Lian Yu Guo,Xing Fu Cai,Jung Joon Lee,강삼식,신은명,Hong Yu Zhou,Ji Won Jung,김영식 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.4
Demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are the main active ingredients isolated from Curcumae Longae Radix. Recent studies demonstrated that both compounds exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects as well as effects on cancer cell lines. In this study, we compared the activities of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, and both compounds were evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The evaluation:results suggested that the anti-inflammatory properties of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin were attributed to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, as initiated by the inhibition of NF- κB activity. Additionally, both of them significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Taken together, all of the results showed that the suppressive effect of demethoxycurcumin was stronger than that of bisdemethoxycurcumin, indicating that the methoxy group had enhanced demethoxycurcumin’s anti-inflammation effects.
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Xia, Yong,Guo, Xu-Guang,Ji, Tian-Xing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6
More and more evidence indicates that the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene might be associated with susceptibility to breast carcinoma in humans being. However, individually published results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. A complete search strategy was done by the electronic databases including PubMed and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. A meta-analysis including seven individual studies was carried out in order to explore the association between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene polymorphisms and breast carcinoma. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk were assessed by the random-effects model. A significant relationship between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma was discovered in an allelic genetic model (OR: 1.214, 95%CI: 1.085-1.358, p=0.001), a homozygote model (OR: 1.663, 95%CI: 1.240-2.232, p=0.001), a heterozygote model (OR: 1.392, 95%CI: 1.190-1.629, p=0.000), a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.407, 95%CI: 1.060-1.868, p=0.018) and a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.427, 95%CI: 1.228-1.659, p=0.000). On sub-group analysis based on ethnicity, significance was observed between the European group and the mixed group. A significant relationship was found between the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene and breast carcinoma risk. Individuals with the A allele of the G801A polymorphism in the CXCL12 gene are under a higher risk for breast carcinoma.
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조선족정신분열증환자두발중(朝鮮族精神分裂症患者頭髮中) 자, 동(銅), 락적함량
김우권,현희춘,곽제흥,원승희,Jin Yu-Quan,Guo Ji-Xing,Xuan Xi-Chun,Yuan Cheng-Xi 대한한방신경정신과학회 1992 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.3 No.1
The zinc, copper and chromium contents in the hair in 103 healthy Korean and 126 Korean with schizophrenic(aged 20 to 59 years in Yanbian district)by atomic absorbtion spectrometer(Type WFZ-II). Research Period : from May 1985 to September 1986. The zinc, copper and chromium contents in the schizophrenic hair are significantly lower than those of healthy persons, respectively. The standard rates of discriminant from healthy persons and the patients by method of (Department of Pathophysiology, Yanbian Medical Colloge ; Yanbian Neuropsychosis Hospital, Yanji Jilin Prov, P.R. China) Fisher discrominant analysis are 72.9% and 84.4%, respectively. The rates of the contribution of the target for the functional equation of zinc, copper chromium are 12.3%, 5.9% and 81.8%, respectively. Zinc contents in hair of male patients are significantly higher than those of female patients ; copper contents in hair of the female are sign
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