http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정문(程門) `중용학(中庸學)`의 별전(別傳) ― 주자(朱子)와 비교하여 본 곽충효(郭忠孝)의 『중용(中庸)』 해석
곽효동 ( Guo Xiao-dong ),김효동(번역) 퇴계학연구원 2016 退溪學報 Vol.140 No.-
郭忠孝는 程?의 易學과 中庸學을 계승한 만년의 제자이다. 곽충효의 『中庸』 주석서는 이미 일실되었으나, 본고에서는 輯佚된 자료를 근거로 그의 중용학의 대강을 구성해고자 한다. 곽충효가 전승한 중용학은 후대에 程門의 正宗으로 인식되었던 주자의 중용학과 차이점을 보인다. 그의 중용학의 특색은 두 가지로 볼 수 있으니, 하나는 `體用`의 관점에서 중용을 이해했다는 것이고, 하나는 『周易』과 『中庸』을 하나로 보았다는 것이다. 주자는 곽충효의 중용설에 대해 매우 불만족 했다. 그러나 곽충효의 제자 黎立武는 곽충효의 설이 정자 만년의 정론이라고 보았다. 어떤 의미에서 곽충효의 학문에 대한 주자의 비판은 너무 지나쳤다고 할 수 있고, 黎立武의 주장 또한 지나치게 스승을 추존한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 우리는 곽충효 중용학의 위상을 정자 문하 `中庸學`의 別傳 정도로 이해하면 될 것이다. Guo Zhongxiao was the later disciple of Cheng Yi, whom had succeeded Cheng Yi`s thought about Book of Changes and The Doctrine of Mean. However, Guo`s interpretation on The Doctrine of Mean had been lost. According to his incomplete articles, this article is trying to describe his thought on The Doctrine of Mean broadly. His thought is different from Zhu Xi`s understanding of The Doctrine of Mean. There are two features: one is talking about The Doctrine of Mean with TI&YONG; another is taking Book of Changes and The doctrine of Mean as the whole. Zhu Xi was critical of his ideas very much, but Guo`s disciple Li Liwu just took it as the final conclusion of Cheng Yi`s later years. In a certain sense, Zhu Xi criticized the ideas of Guo severely, and Li Liwu`s words were overpraise on Guo`s. We can view Guo`s thought on The Doctrine of Mean as the supplementary material of the School of Cheng Yi.
Guo‐Hao Zu,Cheng-De LI 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.5
Cerapteroceroides acutiscapus sp. nov. is described as new and Cerapteroceroides manaliensis Hayat and Khan, 2015 is first recorded from China.
Guo‐Hao Zu,Cheng-De LI 한국곤충학회 2015 Entomological Research Vol.45 No.5
Rhopus antennalis sp. nov. and R. qingdaoensis sp. nov. are described as new to science and R. nigroclavatus (Ashmead, 1902) is first recorded from China. A key to all the known Chinese species of the genus also presented.
Hui Guo,Jin Zhang,Cheng Wang,Yun‑lai Deng 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8
In this study, the effects of different (online quenching and offline quenching) quenching methods and aging processes (T6and T73) on the crashworthiness and microstructural evolution of three Al–Zn–Mg alloys (G1–G3) were studied by conductingtensile test and axial compression tests at room temperature, combined with optical metallography, electron back scattereddiffraction, and transmission electron microscopy microstructural observations. The obtained results revealed that thecrushing properties of three different Al–Zn–Mg alloys subjected to different quenching methods and aging processes weresignificantly different. Their crushing energy absorption of are ranked as follows: G1 > G3 > G2. The highest total energyabsorption gap (between T6 and T73) is the G1 alloy, and the lowest one is the G3 alloy. The largest total energy absorptiongap between the two quenching methods is the G3 alloy, and the smallest one is the G1 alloy. The G2 alloy with the largesttotal amount of Zn + Mg has the highest number density of matrix precipitates, the largest precipitate gap (between T6 andT73) and the smallest precipitate gap between the two quenching methods. The G3 alloy with the largest Zn/Mg ratio hasthe smallest number density of matrix precipitates, the minimum precipitation gap (between T6 and T73) and the maximumprecipitation gap between the two quenching methods. The G1 alloy with the lowest Zn/Mg ratio has the smallest size ofgrain boundary precipitates and PFZ width, while their largest values are obtained for the G3 alloy with the maximum Zn/Mg ratio. As a crushing resistant structural material, the crushing properties is improved without reducing the strength. Theratio of Zn/Mg should be controlled within the range of 4.57–6.15, while the total amount of Zn + Mg should be controlledwithin the range of 6.18–7.01.
Guoqing Xia,Chuang Sun,Bo Zhao,Jingjing Xue 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.2
This paper presents a new cooperative control strategy for dynamic positioning of multiple surface vesselssubject to unknown time-varying environmental disturbances and input saturation. The vessels are assumedinterconnected through a directed topology rather than bidirectional. Two control objectives are considered in thispaper. The first one is to make these vessels track desired positions and headings, and the other control objective isto hold the desired formation. For these purposes, we propose a cooperative control which consists of finite-timedisturbance observer, auxiliary dynamic system and dynamic surface control technique. A nonlinear finite-timeobserver is developed to estimate unknown time-varying disturbance. To tackle the input saturation problem, anauxiliary dynamic system is constructed. It is also proved that all signals in the closed-loop control system convergeto a small neighborhood of equilibrium state via Lyapunov analysis. Simulation results are given to validate theeffectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Guo Qiao,박수일,De-Hai Xu 한국수산과학회 2012 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.15 No.3
Hematological analysis can provide crucial information for monitoring the health of fish. However, there is no current information available regarding hematological changes in olive flounder following infection by Vibrio scophthalmi. In this study, hematological and biochemical alterations were determined in olive flounder infected by the high virulence strain (HVS) and low virulence strain (LVS) of V. scophthalmi. Survival in serum, skin mucus, and macrophages of olive flounder was also compared between the HVS and LVS. The results demonstrated that the hematocrit value in infected fish declined from 23.4% at 0 h to 18.0% at 168 h post infection. The total protein concentration in fish infected with the HVS was significantly higher than in fish infected with the LVS and a non-infected control. Lysozyme activity was significantly different between infected and control fish. The HVS survived in serum and cell numbers increased substantially, while cell numbers of the LVS in serum decreased. These changes in hematological characteristics in fish infected by V. scophthalmi can be used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish. The survival and reproduction of V. scophthalmi in host serum, skin mucus, and macrophages play a major role in systemic infection and can serve as a virulence indicator for different strains.