Bidirectional Regulation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) on the Radiosensitivity of Esophageal Cancer Cells

Sun, Guo-Gui,Hu, Wan-Ning,Wang, Ya-Di,Yang, Cong-Rong,Lu, Yi-Fang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

The mitochondrial antioxidant protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may represent a new type of tumor suppressor protein. Overexpression of the cDNA of this gene by plasmid or recombinant lentiviral transfection in various types of cancer leads to growth suppression both in vitro and in vivo. We previously determined that changes in MnSOD expression had bidirectional effects on adriamycin (ADR) when combined with nitric oxide (NO). Radiation induces free radicals in a manner similar to ADR, so we speculated that MnSOD combined with NO would also have a bidirectional effect on cellular radiosensitivity. To examine this hypothesis, TE-1 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells were stably transfected using lipofectamine with a pLenti6-DEST plasmid containing human MnSOD cDNA at moderate to high overexpression levels or with no MnSOD insert. Blastidicin-resistant colonies were isolated, grown, and maintained in culture. We found that moderate overexpression of MnSOD decreased growth rates, plating efficiency, and increased apoptosis. However, high overexpression increased growth rates, plating efficiency, and decreased apoptosis. When combined with NO, moderate overexpression of MnSOD increased the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells, whereas high MnSOD overexpression had the opposite effect. This finding suggests a potential new method to kill certain radioresistant tumors and to provide radioresistance to normal cells.

Meta-analysis of Outcomes Compared between Robotic and Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Liao, Gui-Xiang,Xie, Guo-Zhu,Li, Rong,Zhao, Zhi-Hong,Sun, Quan-Quan,Du, Sha-Sha,Ren, Chen,Li, Guo-Xing,Deng, Hai-Jun,Yuan, Ya-Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of robotic gastrectomy (RG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for treating gastric cancer. A systematic literature search was carried out using the PubMed database, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library database to obtain comparative studies assessing the safety and efficiency between RG and LG in May, 2013. Data of interest were analyzed by using of Review Manager version 5.2 software (Cochrane Collaboration). A fixed effects model or random effects model was applied according to heterogeneity. Seven papers reporting results that compared robotic gastrectomy with laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer were selected for this meta-analysis. Our metaanalysis included 2,235 patients with gastric cancer, of which 1,473 had undergone laparoscopic gastrectomy, and 762 had received robotic gastrectomy. Compared with laparoscopic gastrectomy, robotic gastrectomy was associated with longer operative time but less blood loss. There were no significant difference in terms of hospital stay, total postoperative complication rate, proximal margin, distal margin, numbers of harvested lymph nodes and mortality rate between robotic gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastrectomy. Our meta-analysis showed that robotic gastrectomy is a safe technique for treating gastric cancer that compares favorably with laparoscopic gastrectomy in short term outcomes. However, the long term outcomes between the two techniques need to be further examined.

A Clinical Database of Breast Cancer Patients Reveals Distinctive Clinico-pathological Characteristics: a Study From Central China

Wang, Lin-Wei,Yang, Gui-Fang,Chen, Jia-Mei,Yang, Fang,Yuan, Jing-Ping,Sun, Sheng-Rong,Chen, Chuang,Hu, Ming-Bai,Li, Yan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.4

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females worldwide. Many differences exist in clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients between China and Western countries. This study aimed to analyze clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer from central China. Methods: Clinico-pathological information on breast cancer from three hospitals in central China was collected and analyzed. Results: From 1994 to 2012, 2,525 patients with a median age 50 years were included in this study. The 45-49-year age group and invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified accounted for the highest proportions (19.1%, 480/2,525 and 81.0%, 1,982/2,446). Stages 0-I, II and III accounted for 28.0% (682/2,441), 48.4% (1,180/2,441), and 23.7% (578/2,441), respectively. Distribution of N stage showed that N0 accounted for 53.2% (1,344/2,525), and proportion of N0 rose from 51.1% (157/307) in 30-39-year age group to 64.3% (110/171) in ${\geq}$ 70-year age group, with an average increase of 2.1% in each age group. Modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery and simple mastectomy were performed for 71.8% (1,812/2,525), 18.0% (454/2,525), 5.2% (131/2,525) and 2.6% (66/2,525), respectively. Proportions of breast-conserving surgery in age ${\leq}$ 44-year group (68/132, 51.5%) and simple mastectomy in age ${\geq}$ 60-year group (57/89, 64.0%) were higher than in the other age groups. Breast cancers positive for estrogen receptor accounted for 53.0% (1,107/ 2,112). The comparisons among this study and other reports showed higher proportion of younger patients, lower proportion of breast-conserving surgery and positive estrogen receptor patients in China than western countries. Conclusions: Clinico-pathological characteristics in this study demonstrated clear differences between the center of China than Western countries. Additional classification systems should be developed to guide grading of early breast cancer more accurately, especially for N0 patients. Invasive ductal carcinoma is a focus for intensive research.

Synergy effects of Al₂O₃ promoter on a highly ordered mesoporous heterogeneous Rh-g-C₃N₄ for a liquid-phase carbonylation of methanol

Kim, Da Mi,Kim, A Rong,Chang, Tae Sun,Koo, Hyun Mo,Kim, Jung Kyu,Han, Gui Young,Shin, Chae-Ho,Bae, Jong Wook Elsevier 2019 Applied catalysis. A, General Vol.585 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of Lewis acid Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> on Rh-incorporated mesoporous g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> (AlRh-CN) were investigated to verify an enhanced activity and stability in a liquid-phase carbonylation of methanol. The novel AlRh-CN with 2.0 wt%Al (Al(2)Rh-CN) revealed a higher yield of acetic acid (AA) and methyl acetate (MA) with a small Rh leaching. The enhanced activity on the optimal Al(2)Rh-CN was attributed to the highly dispersed and partially reduced Rh nanoparticles by preserving initial oxidation states as well as by maintaining its stronger interaction on the Al-modified g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> surfaces. Its superior activity was originated from the highly dispersed Lewis acid Al<SUP>3+</SUP> sites assigned to Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> phases due to an increased reverse esterification reaction rate. The higher activity on the Al(2)Rh-CN was originated from synergy effects such as a larger Lewis acid Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> sites acting as a pillaring material to increase specific surface area of Al(2)Rh-CN and to increase a reverse esterification reaction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synergy effect of Al promoter was observed on a highly ordered mesoporous heterogeneous AlRh-CN. </LI> <LI> Novel AlRh-CN with 2.0 wt%Al showed a higher AA yield of with less leaching of Rh species. </LI> <LI> Lewis acid Al sites increased a reverse esterification reaction of MA to AA by hydrolysis reaction. </LI> <LI> A robust preservation of larger amount of acidic Al<SUP>3+</SUP> sites and high surface area of metallic Rh are crucial. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Lewis acid Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> promoter on the highly ordered mesoporous heterogeneous Rh-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) largely enhanced the catalytic activity and stability in a liquid-phase carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid (AA) by increasing a reverse esterification activity of methyl acetate (MA) intermediate to AA.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Control synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles under UV irradiation in aqueous system

Lian-ying Zhang,Xin-jun Zhu,Han-wen Sun,Gui-rong Chi,Jun-xiao Xu,Yong-ling Sun 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3

Novel magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized via photochemical method in an emulsifier-free aqueous system at room temperature for the first time. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were in regular shape with a mean diameter of 41 nm, whereas the average size in aqueous solution measured by photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) was 64 nm, which indicated that the nanoparticles had waterswelling properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were pure Fe3O4 with a spinel structure, and the irradiation under UV light did not result in a phase change. The Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Magnetic measurement revealed that the saturated magnetization (Ms) of the Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles reached 48.6 emu/g and the nanoparticles showed the characteristics of superparamagnetism. The stability test showed these novel nanoparticles had high magnetic stability. The PCS and TGA results indicated that the size and chitosan content of Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles formed was pH- and chitosan/Fe3O4 ratio-dependent,which could be used to synthesize magnetic Fe3O4–chitosan nanoparticles with different size to meet the requirements of different applications.

Diagnostic Value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in Comparison to Bone Scintigraphy, CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET for the Detection of Bone Metastasis

Liu, Ning-Bo,Zhu, Lei,Li, Ming-Huan,Sun, Xiao-Rong,Hu, Man,Huo, Zong-Wei,Xu, Wen-Gui,Yu, Jin-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for detection of bone metastasis in comparison with the efficacies of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT, CT, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and conventional planar bone scintigraphy in a series of cancer patients. Methods: Five hundred and thirty patients who underwent both $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy within 1 month were retrospectively analyzed. The skeletal system was classified into 10 anatomic segments and interpreted blindly and separately. For each modality, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Bone metastases were confirmed in 117 patients with 459 positive segments. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than bone scintigraphy, CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET (P<0.05). On segment-based analysis, the sensitivity of CT, bone scintigraphy, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were 70.4%, 89.5%, 89.1% and 97.8%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The overall specificity and accuracy of the four modalities were 89.1%, 91.8%, 90.3%, 98.2% and 90.3%, 90.9%, 89.8%, 98.0%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The PPV and NPV were 89.8%, 87.6%, 85.6%, 97.2% and 85.6%, 93.2%, 92.8%, 98.6%, respectively. Three hundred and twelve lesions or segments were presented as lytic or sclerotic changes on CT images at the corresponding sites of increased $^{18}F$-FDG uptake. In lytic or mixed lesions, the sensitivity of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET were better than bone scintigraphy, while in osteoblastic lesions bone scintigraphy had a similar performance with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT but better than $^{18}F$-FDG PET alone. Conclusion: Our data allow the conclusion that $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT is superior to planar bone scintigraphy, CT or $^{18}F$-FDG PET in detecting bone metastasis. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT may enhance our diagnosis of tumor bone metastasis and provide more information for cancer treatment.

Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes in rabbits’ ovaries by digital gene-expression profiling

Tao Huang,Ya‑dong Wang,Ming‑ming Xue,Xue Feng,Cai‑Xia Sun,An‑si Wang,Shu‑yu Xie,Meng Zhang,Gui‑Rong Sun,Ming Li 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.7

Reproduction is a complex physiological process that is regulated by multiple genes and pathways. Compared with studies of common livestock, fewer studies of genes related to the fertility of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been reported, and the molecular mechanism of their high productivity is still poorly understood. To identify candidate genes associated with development and prolificacy in rabbits, we analyzed gene expression differences among the ovaries of mature Californian rabbit (LC), and mature (HH) and immature Harbin white rabbit (IH) using digital gene expression technology. We detected 885 and 321 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in comparisons between HH/IH and HH/LC, respectively. The functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined by GO classification and KEGG pathway analysis. The results suggest that most of the DEGs between the mature and immature developmental stages were predominantly associated with DNA replication, cell cycle, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and most were up-regulated in the IH group compared with the HH group. The DEGs involved in disparate fecundities between HH and LC were associated with reproduction, fructose and mannose metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. Our results will contribute to a better understanding of changes in the regulatory network in ovary at different developmental stages and in different fertility of rabbit.

Targeting Bcr–Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors

Zhang, Jianming,Adriá,n, Francisco J.,Jahnke, Wolfgang,Cowan-Jacob, Sandra W.,Li, Allen G.,Iacob, Roxana E.,Sim, Taebo,Powers, John,Dierks, Christine,Sun, Fangxian,Guo, Gui-Rong,Ding, Qiang,Okra Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2010 Nature Vol.463 No.7280

In an effort to find new pharmacological modalities to overcome resistance to ATP-binding-site inhibitors of Bcr–Abl, we recently reported the discovery of GNF-2, a selective allosteric Bcr–Abl inhibitor. Here, using solution NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, we show that GNF-2 binds to the myristate-binding site of Abl, leading to changes in the structural dynamics of the ATP-binding site. GNF-5, an analogue of GNF-2 with improved pharmacokinetic properties, when used in combination with the ATP-competitive inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib, suppressed the emergence of resistance mutations in vitro, displayed additive inhibitory activity in biochemical and cellular assays against T315I mutant human Bcr–Abl and displayed in vivo efficacy against this recalcitrant mutant in a murine bone-marrow transplantation model. These results show that therapeutically relevant inhibition of Bcr–Abl activity can be achieved with inhibitors that bind to the myristate-binding site and that combining allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors can overcome resistance to either agent alone.