Multiple down-regulated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes contributed to synergistic interaction between chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid against Nilaparvata lugens

Lu Xue,Guanghua Luo,Yang Sun,Shuijin Huang,De-Jin Xu,Guang-Chun Xu,Zhao-Jun Han,Zhong-Yan Gu,Ya-Nan Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

Insecticide mixtures are an effective strategy in pest resistance management. The synergistic chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid mixture could significantly increase toxicity against rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens, despite their high levels of resistance. However, synergism mechanisms to explain this phenomenon remain unknown. Chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid at a 1:0.5 ratio showed significant synergism on N. lugens with a combination index value of 0.18 after topical exposure. We constructed a genetic database of the genes expressed in individual and synergistic chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid treatments of N. lugens using Illumina Hiseq™ X Ten, and 17 co-downregulated genes putatively involved in synergism were detected by comparative transcriptome analyses. Expression patterns of the 17 candidate synergistic genes matched with transcriptome sequencing data by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Feeding of dsRNAs further reduced the expression levels of 10 of these candidate synergistic genes (from 1.68 to 4.13-fold). Nymphs fed with only dsRNAs of CYP4DE1, CYP6AY1v2, CYP353D1, and CYP439A1 experienced more high mortality rates (81.45–90.34%) to improve synergism between chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid. Multiple reductive expressed P450 genes were potentially associated with synergism of a mixture of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, as confirmed by comparative transcriptome analyses and RNAi assays. Our findings suggested that synergistic interactions between chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid might be controlled by P450s.

A community computational challenge to predict the activity of pairs of compounds

Bansal, Mukesh,Yang, Jichen,Karan, Charles,Menden, Michael P,Costello, James C,Tang, Hao,Xiao, Guanghua,Li, Yajuan,Allen, Jeffrey,Zhong, Rui,Chen, Beibei,Kim, Minsoo,Wang, Tao,Heiser, Laura M,Realubit Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature biotechnology Vol.32 No.12

Recent therapeutic successes have renewed interest in drug combinations, but experimental screening approaches are costly and often identify only small numbers of synergistic combinations. The DREAM consortium launched an open challenge to foster the development of in silico methods to computationally rank 91 compound pairs, from the most synergistic to the most antagonistic, based on gene-expression profiles of human B cells treated with individual compounds at multiple time points and concentrations. Using scoring metrics based on experimental dose-response curves, we assessed 32 methods (31 community-generated approaches and SynGen), four of which performed significantly better than random guessing. We highlight similarities between the methods. Although the accuracy of predictions was not optimal, we find that computational prediction of compound-pair activity is possible, and that community challenges can be useful to advance the field of in silico compound-synergy prediction.

Enhanced Cutinase Production of Thermobifida fusca by a Two-stage Batch and Fed-batch Cultivation Strategy

Gangqiang He,Guanghua Huo,Liming Liu,Yang Zhu,Jian Chen,Guocheng Du 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.1

In this study, cutinase production by Thermobifida fusca WSH03-11 was investigated with mixed short-chain organic acids as co-carbon sources to demonstrate the possibility of producing high value-added products from organic wastes. T. fusca WSH03-11 was cultured with different combinations of butyrate, acetate, and lactate with a purpose of increasing cutinase activity. The optimum proportion of butyrate, acetate, and lactate was 4:1:3. In batch cultivation, acetate and lactate were consumed quickly, while the consumption of butyrate was depressed in the presence of acetate with a concentration higher than 0.5 g/L. Based on these results, a two-stage batch and fed-batch cultivation strategy was proposed: a batch culture with acetate and lactate as the co-carbon sources in the first 10 h, and then a fed-batch culture with a constant butyrate feeding rate of 12 mL/h during 11~20 h. By this two-stage cultivation strategy, cutinase activity, dry cell weight, and con-sumption rate of butyrate were increased by 70%, 103.4%, and 4.3-fold, respectively, compared to those of the batch cultivation. These results provided a novel and efficient way to produce high value-added products from organic wastes.

Tensile Behavior of High-Strength Stainless Steel Wire Rope (HSSSWR)-Reinforced ECC

Xinling Wang,Guanghua Yang,Wenwen Qian,Ke Li,Juntao Zhu 한국콘크리트학회 2021 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.15 No.6

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) show the distinguished characteristics of high post-cracking resistance and ductility. High-strength stainless steel wire rope (HSSSWR) has been successfully used for restoring or strengthening of existing structures. By combining the advantages of these two materials, a new composite system formed by embedding HSSSWR into ECC was proposed and expected to be a promising engineering material for repair or strengthening of structures. To investigate the tensile failure mechanism and mechanical properties of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC, an experimental study on 27 HSSSWR-reinforced ECC plates was conducted considering the effects of the reinforcement ratio of longitudinal HSSSWRs, formula of ECC and width of the plate. Test results revealed that HSSSWR-reinforced ECC exhibit superior post-cracking resistance, deformation capacity and crack-width control capacity. Increasing the reinforcement ratio of longitudinal HSSSWRs can effectively enhance the tensile strength, crack-width control capacity, deformation capacity and tensile toughness of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC. Adding thickener in ECC can significantly improve the crack-width control capacity and deformation capacity of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC due to enhancing uniform distribution of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, but would slightly reduce the cracking stress and maximum tensile stress by bringing small bubbles in the matrix. The tensile properties of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC plates are almost not affected by varying the plate width. Besides, a tensile constitutive model was developed for charactering the stress-strain relationship of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC in tension. Based on mechanical theories and failure characteristics of HSSSWR-reinforced ECC, the model parameters were determined, and calculation equations of cracking stress and tensile strength were proposed. The accuracy of the developed model and calculation equations was verified by test results.

SOX12 Promotes Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating the Expression of POU2F1 and POU3F1

Zhenxi Su,Wenqing Bao,Guanghua Yang,Jianping Liu,Bin Zhao 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.6

Purpose: SOX12 is overexpressed in many cancers, and we aimed to explore the biological function and mechanism of SOX12 inthyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: We first analyzed the expression of SOX12 in thyroid cancer using data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemistryand qRT-PCR were performed to identify SOX12 expression in thyroid cancer tissue and cells. Thyroid cancercells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting SOX12, and cellular functional experiments, including CCK8, woundhealing, and Transwell assays, were performed. Protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. A xenograft model wasdeveloped to evaluate the effect of SOX12 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: SOX12 expression was increased in thyroid cancer tissue and cells. SOX12 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasionand accelerated tumor growth in vivo. The expression of PCNA, Cyclin D1, E-cadherin, Snail, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was affectedby SOX12 knockdown. Bioinformatic analysis showed that SOX12 could interact with the POU family. SOX12 knockdown inhibitedthe expression of POU2F1, POU2F2, POU3F1 and POU3F2, and SOX12 expression showed a positive correlation with POU2F1,POU3F1, and POU3F2 expression in clinical data. POU2F1 and POU3F1 were able to reverse the effect of SOX12 knockdown onthyroid cancer cells. Conclusion: SOX12 affects the progression of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and interacting withPOU2F1 and POU3F1, which may be novel targets for thyroid cancer molecular therapy.

De novo genome assembly and annotation of Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833) from nanopore sequencing reads

Luo Honglin,Huang Guanghua,Li Jianbin,Yang Qiong,Zhu Jiajie,Zhang Bin,Feng Pengfei,Zhang Yongde,Yang Xueming 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Holothuria scabra is a costly gourmet and traditional Chinese tonic medicine. However, the lack of high-quality genome information hinders the genetic, phylogenetic, and bioactivator researches. Objective: To construct high-quality genomic data of H. scabra and conduct genome-wide phylogenetic analysis. Methods: The whole genome of a male H. scabra was sequenced based on Nanopore MinION platform, and the sequence was assembled by wtdbg2. Transcriptome sequencing was used to aid the gene annotation. Repeat sequences, non-coding RNA, pseudogene and gene functional annotation were analyzed. 750 single-copy gene families from ten species were applied to construct phylogenetic tree for evolutionary analysis by using the ML method. Results: The H. scabra genome of 1.18 Gb (N50 = 1557,492 bp) with 500.42 Mb of putative repetitive sequences was assembled from a male H. scabra individual, and 16,642 protein-coding genes, 951 pseudogenes, 1791 motifs and 45,400 domains from the generated assembly were identified. The divergence time between H. scabra and its ancestor was estimated approximately 192.6 million years ago. H. scabra and A. japonicas joined together while sea urchin and sea star diverged about 440 Mya ago. Some key genes involved in notochord and gill slits development, skeleton degeneration and nervous system, as well as homeobox genes differ between H. scabra and Apostichopus japonicas. Conclusion: We report the first whole genome of H. scabra with expectation that this will be a valuable resource for genetic, phylogenetic, breading, molecular biology and bioactivator studies of sea cucumbers and other invertebrates.

Effect of Basicity and B2O3 on Viscosity, Melting and Crystallization Behaviors of Low Fluorine Mold Fluxes for Casting Medium Carbon Steels

Lejun Zhou,Wanlin Wang,Boxun Lu,Guanghua Wen,Jian Yang 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.1

As potential substitutes for fluorides, the influences of basicity and B2O3 content on viscosity, melting andcrystallization behaviors of low fluorine mold fluxes for casting medium carbon steels were investigatedby using Brookfield viscometer and Single Hot Thermocouple Technique in this study. Results suggestedthat, the break temperature, crystallization temperature and critical cooling rate of low fluorine mold fluxeswere increased with the increase of basicity; while they were decreased with the further addition of B2O3. Meantime, the viscosity and melting temperature range were first attenuated, and then increased greatlywith the increase of basicity; however, they would tend to be reduced with the addition of B2O3 content. Also, it was found that the viscosity of mold flux is not only decided by the degree of polymerization ofsilicate structure, but also greatly affected by its crystallization behavior.

Insights into chlorantraniliprole resistance of Chilo suppressalis: Expression profiles of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes in strains ranging from low- to high-level resistance

Peng Yingchuan,Zhao Jun,Sun Yang,Wan Peng,Hu Yanyue,Luo Guanghua,Qin Wenjing,Huang Shuijin 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are involved in trans-cellular transport of substances at inverse con centrations. After ABC genes were discovered to be involved in multidrug resistance in humans, increased attention was paid to the role of insect ABC genes in pesticide resistance. Chilo suppressalis, the most important Lepidopteran pest in rice production, has developed resistance to the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. However, few of the ABC genes that contribute to chlorantraniliprole resistance have been studied. Here, 47 genes encoding ABC transporters were identified, including five CsABCA, seven CsABCB, ten CsABCC, two CsABCD, one CsABCE, three CsABCF, 15 CsABCG, and four CsABCH genes. The expression profiles of these transporter genes were determined in three chlorantraniliprole-resistant strains: R1, R2, and HR, with a resistance ratio of 38.8, 110.4, and 249.6, respectively. CsABCA1, -D2, and -H2 were up-regulated in all resistant strains, and the trend in the transcript levels of all 47 CsABC genes fitted a descending curve from R1 to HR. Unexpectedly, CsABCF1, -G11 and -G12 were significantly down-regulated in HR. These results provide new insights into the roles of ABC transporters in chlorantraniliprole resistance in C. suppressalis.