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3D 광학 스캐너를 이용한 인체모형 팬텀 표면 데이터 획득 및 X-ray 에너지의 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(MCs)을 이용한 팬텀 선량 평가와 영상구현
신준봉(Jun-Bong Shin),이도희(Do-Heui Lee),윤경준(Kyoung-Jun Yoon),박민재(Min-Jae Park),고영문(Young-Moon Go),김성우(Sung-Woo Kim),홍승모(Seung-Mo Hong),이현철(Hyun-Cheol Lee),이의섭(Ui-Seob Lee),노선영(Seon-Yeong No),강석윤(Seok-Yoon 대한영상의학기술학회 2021 대한영상의학기술학회 논문지 Vol.2021 No.-
목 적:본 연구의 목적은 기존 컴퓨터단층촬영(Computed tomography, 이하 CT) 스캔 방법 대신 3D 광학 스캐너 (3D optical scanner)를 이용하여 인체모형 팬텀의 표면 데이터를 획득하고 기존 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터 차이를 비교 분석하는 것이며, 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터를 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(Monte Carlo Simulation, MCs)에 적용하여 일반 촬영 에너지조건으로 팬텀 선량 평가와 영상 구현을 연구하는 것입니다. 연구방법: 일반촬영의 선량 평가를 위해 환자 표면 데이터를 얻을 때 3D 광학 스캐너를 활용할 것을 제안합니다. 우리는 3D 광학 스캐너(Go!SCAN SPARKTM, CREAFORM) 사용하여 기존 CT 스캔 방법을 대신해 인체모형 팬텀의 표면 데이터를 얻었습니다. 3D 스캔 표면 데이터를 정렬하고 편집하기 위해 Meshlab 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 3D slicer 프로그램을 이용하여 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 스캔 표면 데이터 차이를 정량적으로 비교분석 하였습니다. 또한 3D 스캔 표면 데이터 분석 프로그램(VXelements, CREAFORM)을 사용하여 인체 모형 팬텀의 재현성을 평가 하였습니다. SpekCalc 프로그램을 이용하여 X-ray beam 에너지 스펙트럼을 계산하고 Geant4 기반의 MCs인 TOPAS를 이용하여 X-ray Beam을 모델링 하였습니다. 인체모형 팬텀을 MCs에 적용 하여 일반촬영 에너지 조건으로 팬텀 선량을 평가하고 Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현을 연구 하였습니다. 결 과:3D slicer를 이용한 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터의 정량적 비교 분석에서 Hounsdroff distance는 Average 2.45 mm, Dice coefficient는 0.97로 나타나 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 스캔 표면 데이터가 거의 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었습니다. 또한 인체모형 팬텀 재현성 평가에서 인체모형 팬텀의 AP position, RAO position, LAO position 기준으로 팔이 있는 팬텀의 error distribution은 2 mm 오차 범위에서 평균 89.78%가, 4 mm 오차 범위에서 96.05%가 일치하는 것으로 나타났으며, 팔을 제외한 경우 error distribution은 2 mm 오차 범위에서 평균 96.48%가, 4 mm 오차 범위에서 99.45%가 일치하는 것으로 나타나 3D 광학 스캐너의 표면 데이터 재현성이 우수한 것으로 나타났습니다. 인체모형 팬텀을 이용한 3D 스캔 표면 데이터를 MCs에 적용하여 전신일반촬영 에너지 조건으로 팬텀선량 평가가 가능하며, Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현할 수 있다는 것을 확인 하였습니다. 결 론:본 연구에서 3D 광학 스캐너를 사용한 인체모형 팬텀 데이터 획득은 기존 CT scan 방식보다 간편하고 방사선 노출 없이 다양한 위치와 균일한 표면 구조의 정보를 정밀하게 얻을 수 있으며 MCs을 이용한 선량계산이 가능하며, Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현이 가능함에 따라 앞으로 일반촬영 분야의 활용과 선량평가에 매우 유용할 것으로 생각 됩니다. Purpose:The purpose of this work is to acquire surface data of anthropromophic phantom using 3D optical scanner instead of conventional computed tomography (CT) scanning methods and to compare the differences between existing CT scan surface data and 3D optical scan surface data. also it is to apply 3D optical scan surface data to Monte Carlo simulations (MCs) to study whether phantom dose evaluation and image implementation are possible under general shooting energy conditions. Targets and Methods:We suggest utilizing a 3D optical scanner when obtaining patient surface data for dose evaluation of normal photography. We obtained surface data of anthropromophic phantom instead of conventional CT scanning methods using 3D optical scanners (Go!SCAN SPARKTM, CREAFORM). The Meshlab program was used to sort and edit 3D scan surface data, and the CT scan surface data and 3D scan surface data differences were quantitatively compared using the 3D slicer program. The reproducibility of the dummy phantom was also evaluated using the 3D Scan Surface Data Analysis Program (VXelements, CREAFORM). Using the SpekCalc program, the X-ray beam energy spectrum was calculated and the X-ray beam was modeled using TOPAS, a Geant4-based MCs. We applied the anthropromophic phantom to MCs evaluate the phantom dose in X-ray energy conditions and study whether the image can be implemented through phase space data. Result:Quantitative comparative analysis of CT scan surface data and 3D optical scan surface data using 3D slicer showed that Hounsdroff distance was Average 2.45 mm and Dice coefficient was 0.97, indicating a close match between CT scan surface data and 3D scan surface data. In addition, the anthropromophic phantom reproducibility assessment shows that the error distribution of the phantom with arms by AP position, RAO position, and LAO position of the anthropromophic phantom averaged 89.78% in the 2 mm error range and 96.05% in the 4 mm error range. MCs using anthropromophic phantom confirmed that 3D scan surface data can be applied to Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate phantom dose under X-ray energy conditions through phase space data. Conclusion:In this study, anthropromophic phan tom data acquisition using 3D optical scanners is simpler than conventional CT scan methods, provides precise information of various locations and uniform surface structures without radiation exposure, enables dosing using MCs, and enables image implementation through phase space data.
What is the source of pressure pain during abdominal examination in Korean medicine?
Hyun Il Go,Eunbyul Cho,Hyun-Jong Jung,Sanghun Lee,Jae Hyo Kim,O Sang Kwon 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.2
Background: This study aimed to observe which anatomical structures change in the abdominal cavity and are involved in pressure pain during the pressurization of CV12 by using an ultrasonic diagnostic device in healthy subjects. Methods: We recruited 52 healthy people and performed ultrasound imaging by gradually pressurizing the subject's CV12. We analyzed ultrasound images to observe the changes in abdominal anatomical structures during pressurization. Results: A significant change in thickness appeared at the space above the peritoneum and stomach and at the space between the stomach and the abdominal aorta while pressing on CV12. Pressure pain occurred in the following two cases. One was when from the posterior side of the stomach to the inner surface of the rectus abdominis became approximately 1.8 cm. The other was when the anterior side of the abdominal aorta approached the inner surface of the rectus abdominis by approximately 3 cm. Pressure pain occurred when CV12 was pressed to a depth of approximately 2.4 cm for females, 3.1 cm for males and 2.7 cm on average. Conclusion: The stomach and tissues around the stomach undergo the greatest pressure change during the pressurization of CV12, and in particular, pressure pain occurs when the posterior wall of the stomach is under pressure. However, further study should be done for clinical application.
( Sang Hee Won ),( Seung Hee Go ),( Won Hee Lee ),( Kyung Hoon Jeong ),( Hyun Suk Jung ),( Chong Mu Lee ),( Eun Gu Lee ),( Jae Gab Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2008 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.14 No.6
Thin TiO2 layers grown at 130℃ on SiO2-coated Si substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using TTIP and H2O as precursors were annealed, and the effects of the annealing temperature on the resulting electrical properties of TiO2 and the interface properties between a Pt electrode and TiO2 were examined using transmission line model (TLM) structures. The as-deposited TiO2 thin film had an amorphous structure with OH groups and a high resistivity of 6 × 103 Ω-cm. Vacuum annealing at 700℃ transformed the amorphous film into an anatase structure and reduced its resistivity to 0.04 Ω-cm. In addition, the vacuum-annealing of the TiO2/SiO2 structure at 700℃ produced free silicon at the TiO2-SiO2 interface as a result of the reaction between the Ti interstitials and SiO2. The SiO2 formed on the TiO2 surface caused a Schottky contact, which was characterized by the TLM method. The use of the TLM method enabled the accurate measurement of the resistivity of the vacuum-annealed TiO2 films and the characterization of the Schottky contacts of the metal electrode to the TiO2.
High MET gene copy number leads to shorter survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Go, Heounjeong,Jeon, Yoon Kyung,Park, Hyo Jin,Sung, Sook-Whan,Seo, Jeong-Wook,Chung, Doo Hyun Lippincott Williams Wilkins 2010 JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY Vol.5 No.3
<P>Activation of MET, either by increased gene copy number (GCN) or mutation, has been detected in various cancers. We investigate the clinicopathologic features of MET gene copy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</P>
Bond Strength of Mortar mixed Activated Hwangtoh
Go, Seong-Seok,Yeo, Sang-Ku,Lee, Hyun-Chul The Korean Institute of Building Construction 2012 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.12 No.5
This study aimed to mix and test mortar incorporating activated Hwangtoh to improve the Hwangtoh brick bond strength of brick structures. To do this, the bond strength correlation of mortar was analyzed by means of materials and experiment factors and levels, and the optimum conditions were suggested after analyzing the physical properties of brick and the mix ratio of mortar and additive. Furthermore, the compressive strength and bond strength were found to be in inverse proportion, and in terms of the materials and mixing level, W/C ratio, substitution ratio of activated Hwangtoh, and fine aggregate grading were shown to have a considerable influence on the strength. In conclusion, the optimum mixing conditions to improve the bond strength are found to set W/C ratio at 65% and replacmenet ratio of activated Hwangtoh at 10%.
Nanocrevasse-Rich Carbon Fibers for Stable Lithium and Sodium Metal Anodes
Go, Wooseok,Kim, Min-Ho,Park, Jehee,Lim, Chek Hai,Joo, Sang Hoon,Kim, Youngsik,Lee, Hyun-Wook American Chemical Society 2019 NANO LETTERS Vol.19 No.3
<P>Metallic lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) anodes have received great attention as ideal anodes to meet the needs for high energy density batteries due to their highest theoretical capacities. Although many approaches have successfully improved the performances of Li or Na metal anodes, many of these methods are difficult to scale up and thus cannot be applied in the production of batteries in practice. In this work, we introduce nanocrevasses in a carbon fiber scaffold which can facilitate the penetration of molten alkali metal into a carbon scaffold by enhancing its wettability for Li/Na metal. The resulting alkali metal/carbon composites exhibit stable long-term cycling over hundreds of cycles. The facile synthetic method is enabled for scalable production using recycled metal waste. Thus, the addition of nanocrevasses to carbon fiber as a scaffold for alkali metals can generate environmentally friendly and cost-effective composites for practical electrode applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
High-Speed BLDC Motor Design for Suction Fan and Impact on the Loss caused by Core Welding
Hyun-Seok Hong,In-Gun Kim,Ho-Joon Lee,Sung-Chul Go,Ju Lee 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.1
This paper deals with the effects of welding, which is done to fix the stator stack, on a motor in case of fabricating a prototype motor that is manufactured in a small quantity. In the case of a small motor, the stator is designed and fabricated with the segmented core as a way to raise the fill factor of winding wire to the utmost within a limited size. In case of fabrication by welding both inside and outside of the stator in order to fix the segmented-core stator, the effects of stack are ignored, and the eddy current loss occurs. This paper performed the no-load test on an IPM-type BLDC motor for driving the suction fan of a vacuum cleaner, which was manufactured by using a segmented-core stator. As a result of the test, it was found that input power more than expected was supplied. To analyze the effects of welding by using the finite element analysis method and verify them experimentally, a stator was re-manufactured by bonding, and input power supplied during the no-load test was compared.