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Slenderness effects on the simulated response of longitudinal reinforcement in monotonic compression
Gil-Martin, Luisa Maria,Hernandez-Montes, Enrique,Aschheim, Mark,Pantazopoulou, Stavroula J. Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.23 No.4
The influence of reinforcement buckling on the flexural response of reinforced concrete members is studied. The stress-strain response of compression reinforcement is determined computationally using a large-strain finite element model for bars of varied diameter, length, and initial eccentricity, and a mathematical expression is fitted to the simulation results. This relationship is used to represent the response of bars in compression in a moment-curvature analysis of a reinforced concrete cross section. The compression bar may carry more or less force than a tension bar at a corresponding strain, depending on the relative influence of Poisson effects and bar slenderness. Several cross-section analyses indicate that, for the distances between stirrups prescribed in modern concrete codes, the influence of inelastic buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement on the monotonic moment capacity is very small and can be neglected in many circumstances.
Protein methylase 2 에 의한 Myelin 염기성 단백질의 Carboxyl - methylesterification
전길자,홍성열,이향우,김명희,Martin Tuck,김상덕,백운기 ( Gil Ja Jun,Sung Ryul Hong,Hyang Woo Lee,Myung Hee Kim,Martin Tuck,Sang Duk Kim,Woon Ki Paik ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.2
Bovine brain myelin basic protein (MBP or AI basic protein) was found to serve as an excellent in vitro substrate for S-adenosylmethionine:protein-carboxyl 0-methyltransferase (protein methylase II; EC 2.1.1.24) with a K_m value of 4.0×10^(-5)M. Peptide mapping of pepsin-digested [methyl-^(14)C]-MBP methylated by purified protein methylase II shows one major and one minor spot on autofluorography, indicating a relatively strong site-specificity of the enzyme towards MBP. At maximum, the enzyme can methylate 4.9 mole per cent of the MBP. Unlike protein methylase I [EC 2.1.1.23] which methylates arginine residues of MBP, protein methylase II activity in the brains of jimpy mutant mice (one of the dysmyelinating mutants) does not differ from the value of their normal littermates.
Influence of the shape of head anchors on the durability of reinforced concrete elements
Martinez-Echeverria, M. Jose,Gil-Martin, Luisa Maria,Montero, Jose Rodriguez,Hernandez-Montes, Enrique Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.10 No.1
This paper looks into how the shape of headed bars may influence the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Nowadays the only heads used in site works are cylindrical in shape. An alternative shape of head is studied in this piece of work. The new head reduces the concentration of stresses and so the appearance of cracks. In this work durability is studied based on both, first cracking and failure mode. An experimental campaign of 12 specimens and finite element modelling are described. The specimens were subjected to an accelerated corrosion process using an electrical current supply. Direct current was impressed on the specimens until breaking. Test results and the results obtained from numerical models are presented. Results are presented in term of comparison between the two shapes of heads studied. It was shown that the shape of the head has a significant influence on durability of reinforced concrete structures with headed reinforcing bars.
Black Anal Canal: Acute Necrosis
Sandra Barbeiro,Catarina Martins,Cláudia Gonçalves,Paulo Alves,Inês Gil,Manuela Canhoto,Filipe Silva,Isabel Cotrim,Cristina Amado,Liliana Eliseu,Helena Vasconcelos 대한대장항문학회 2016 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.32 No.4
Acute ischemia of the rectum or anal canal resulting in necrosis is extremely uncommon because both the rectum and the anal canal have excellent blood supplies. We present a case with spontaneous necrosis of the anal canal without rectal involvement. Surgical debridement was accomplished, and the recovery was uneventful. The patient was elderly, with probable atherosclerotic arterial disease, and presented with hypotension. Due to the lack of other precipitating factors, the hypoperfusion hypothesis seems to be the most suitable in this case. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the literature on this subject.
Meiotic prophase roles of Rec8 in crossover recombination and chromosome structure
Yoon, Sang-Wook,Lee, Min-Su,Xaver, Martin,Zhang, Liangran,Hong, Soo-Gil,Kong, Yoon-Ju,Cho, Hong-Rae,Kleckner, Nancy,Kim, Keun P. Oxford University Press 2016 Nucleic acids research Vol.44 No.19
<P>Rec8 is a prominent component of the meiotic prophase chromosome axis that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and chromosome synapsis. Here, we explore the prophase roles of Rec8. (i) During the meiotic divisions, Rec8 phosphorylation mediates its separase-mediated cleavage. We show here that such cleavage plays no detectable role for chromosomal events of prophase. (ii) We have analyzed in detail three <I>rec8</I> phospho-mutants, with 6, 24 or 29 alanine substitutions. A distinct ‘separation of function’ phenotype is revealed. In the mutants, axis formation and recombination initiation are normal, as is non-crossover recombination; in contrast, crossover (CO)-related events are defective. Moreover, the severities of these defects increase coordinately with the number of substitution mutations, consistent with the possibility that global phosphorylation of Rec8 is important for these effects. (iii) We have analyzed the roles of three kinases that phosphorylate Rec8 during prophase. Timed inhibition of Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase confers defects concordant with <I>rec8</I> phospho-mutant phenotypes. Inhibition of Hrr25 or Cdc5/polo-like kinase does not. Our results suggest that Rec8's prophase function, independently of cohesin cleavage, contributes to CO-specific events in conjunction with the maintenance of homolog bias at the leptotene/zygotene transition of meiotic prophase.</P>
Enzymatic Carboxyl-Methylesterification of Myelin Basic Protein
전길자,홍성열,이향우,김명희,김상덕,백운기,Jun, Gil-Ja,Hong, Sung-Ryul,Lee, Hyang-Woo,Kim, Myung-Hee,Tuck, Martin,Kim, Sang-Duk,Paik, Woon-Ki 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.2
소뇌의 myelin 염기성 단백질(MBP 또는 AI 염기성 단백질)이 in vitro에서 S-adenosylmethione:protein carboxyl-O-methyltransferase(protein methylase II; EC 2.1.1.24)에 대한 우수한 기질이였으며 $K_m$ 값은 $4.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$ 이었다. protein methylase II에 의해 methyl화 된 MBP-[methyl-$^{14}C$]를 pepsin으로 소화시켜 peptide mapping 한 결과 진한 방사성 반점 한개와 흐린 반점이 한개 나타났다. 이 실험 결과 protein methylase II가 MBP에 대해서 비교적 강한 부위 특이성을 나타내고 있음을 알수 있었다. 이 효소는 MBP를 최대로 4.9 mole 퍼센트 methyl화 시킬 수 있다. Jimpy mutant mice의 뇌에 있는 protein methylase II의 양은 이상이 없는 다른 형제들이 가지고 있는 효소량과 차이가 없었다. Bovine brain myelin basic protein (MBP or AI basic protein) was found to serve as an excellent in vitro substrate for S-adenosylmethionine:protein-carboxyl O-methyltransferase (protein methylase II; EC 2.1.1.24) with a $K_m$ value of $4.0{\times}10^{-5}\;M$. Peptide mapping of pepsin-digested [methyl-$^{14}C$]-MBP methylated by purified protein methylase II shows one major and one minor spot on autofiuorography, indicating a relatively strong site-specificity of the enzyme towards MBP. At maximum, the enzyme can methylate 4.9 mole per cent of the MBP. Unlike protein methylase I [EC 2.1.1.23) which methylates arginine residues of MBP, protein methylase II activity in the brains of jimpy mutant mice (one of the dysmyelinating mutants) does not differ from the value of their normal littermates.
The buried arch structural system for underground structures
Hernandez-Montes, Enrique,Aschheim, Mark,Gil-Martin, Luisa Maria Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.20 No.1
In many cases, underground structures are built using conventional above-grade structural systems to carry gravity load. This paper proposes the use of underground arches, termed "buried arches", to support gravity loads, wherein the horizontal thrust of the arch is equilibrated by soil pressure. Because the horizontal soil pressure increases with depth, the depth of the arch may be reduced as the depth below grade increases. Critical to the success of such an approach is a proper accounting of creep and shrinkage for arches made of reinforced concrete. This paper addresses the influence of equilibrium, creep, and shrinkage as they affect the design of the arch from a theoretical perspective. Several examples illustrate the use of buried arches for the design of underground parking structures.
Structural Performance of RC Beams containing Tension-Only Nodes
Manuel Alejandro Fernandez-Rui,Luisa Marı´a Gil-Martin,Enrique Hernandez-Montes 한국콘크리트학회 2018 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.12 No.1
Strut and Tie (S&T) models are used for the design of what are known as ‘‘discontinuity regions’’ in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Building codes such as ACI-318 and Eurocode 2 do not give information on the nodes that only connect ties in S&T models (called TTT or tension-only nodes). However, their use is not explicitly prohibited in the design of RC structures. In this work, a comparison between solutions which have been designed both considering and not considering TTT nodes is evaluated. Four RC beams (designed with and without TTT nodes) were subjected to three-point bending. Experimental results show that TTT nodes are a good design solution for special cases of discontinuity regions in RC structures. However, the experimental campaign has proven that this type of node is more vulnerable to errors during construction than solutions designed without TTT nodes.
Sergio Bárcena-Varela,Guillermo Martínez-de-Tejada,Lukas Martin,Tobias Schuerholz,Ana Gloria Gil-Royo,Satoshi Fukuoka,Torsten Goldmann,Daniel Droemann,Wilmar Correa,Thomas Gutsmann,Klaus Brandenburg,L 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Sepsis, which is induced by severe bacterial infections, is a major cause of death worldwide, and therapies combating the disease are urgently needed. Because many drugs have failed in clinical trials despite their efficacy in mouse models, the development of reliable animal models of sepsis is in great demand. Several studies have suggested that rabbits reflect sepsisrelated symptoms more accurately than mice. In this study, we evaluated a rabbit model of acute sepsis caused by the intravenous inoculation of Salmonella enterica. The model reproduces numerous symptoms characteristic of human sepsis including hyperlactatemia, hyperglycemia, leukopenia, hypothermia and the hyperproduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, it was chosen to investigate the proposed ability of Pep19-2.5—an anti-endotoxic peptide with high affinity to lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein—to attenuate sepsis-associated pathologies in combination with an antibiotic (ceftriaxone). We demonstrate that a combination of Pep19-2.5 and ceftriaxone administered intravenously to the rabbits (1) kills bacteria and eliminates bacteremia 30 min post challenge; (2) inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 agonists in serum 90 min post challenge; (3) reduces serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α); and (4) reverts to hypothermia and gives rise to temperature values indistinguishable from basal levels 330 min post challenge. The two components of the combination displayed synergism in some of these activities, and Pep19-2.5 notably counteracted the endotoxin-inducing potential of ceftriaxone. Thus, the combination therapy of Pep19-2.5 and ceftriaxone holds promise as a candidate for human sepsis therapy.