유도심판규정의 변천과정에 관한 연구

조용철,이건휘 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out the process of change in the regulations for judgements in Judo game according to the division of the era. The study is to deal about how the process of change in the regulations for judgements conducts. Also, it is to find out the meaning abut the regulations for judgements of Judo Games. According to the division of the era, the first period was when Kanojigoro of Japan created the method that judges Judo free game in the operation of Kodokan techniques before consulting the regulations of authorized wrestling in 1930. The second period was when the regulations of Judo game were made with the help of the regulations of wrestling in 1930 and it was from the foundation of the International Judo Association in 1951 to before the choice with regular game in Olympic Games. The third period was when the regulations that judges Judo were reinforced since the choice in Olympic games. The regulations that judges Judo were settled and the time of the Judo game, the uniform, number, role of referees, the items of prohibition and the guidelines of scores were fixed in details. As mentioned above, the great change in regulations of Judo Games gave rise to the change of the new codified regulations in Kodokan in 1930's. In addition, before the foundation of the International Judo Association, the regulations made by the various kinds of organizations that held Judo game included the characteristic contents of them and since 1930's each organization such as Japanese police agency, Mudeokhoi and Kodokan made the similar game rules with one another. After the foundation of the International Judo Association, the regulations for judgements of Judo game were changed as the starting point many types of Olympics. Since 1996, Judo has established as a international game and the regulations for judgements of Judo game have reflected the impartiality of rules by being aware of audiences and TV hook up. Above all, since 1990's it has characterized by the enforcement of regulations for stronger judgements rather than the items of penalty regulations. As a result, the regulations for judgments of Judo game include impartiality of game operation, safety of players and absoluteness of referees' judgments. First, impartiality of game operation is that the practical regulations are the game rules for judgments in Judo game. Referees must judge in the game rules and prohibited techniques must be punished definitely and impartially right away. At this time, The translation of the regulations must not judge individually, and must be objective as soon as possible. Most of the regulations of the judgments consist of three referees considering the difficult tasks of referees. The threereferees consist of a referee and two judges. Two judges are placed to support a referee as they judge independently standing abetter location. The referee must accept the judgments of the judges without question and the final judgement made by three referees must be fair and accurate. Second, safety of players is close connected with Judo techniques. Also, we can know how safety of playershas developed by the change of prohibited techniques. Before 1990's players had to punish by using irregular techniques and uselimited techniques to protect the injury of the players. These change in the regulations for judgments include a great meaning in Judo game. Third, absoluteness of referees' judgments made for the right judgment and the consideration of audience and after 1990's the regulations for judgments included the details of penalty items. These seems to consider Judo modern sportscontrolled by audiences than self-training. Thus, the method for judgments in Judo game is suitable for the events and must keep the objective rules. These are satisfied with the esthetic demands of the audiences through the characteristics and the distinctive, lively shape of Judo. Therefore, in the future the facilities and regulations for judgements in Judo have to be suitable for thetechnical aspect. In terms of the sports Judo is required to various kinds of the development of regulations for judgements because of the demands of the spectators.

Occurrence and Damage of Stink Bugs in the Rice Paddy Field

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Seok-Min Kang,Mi-Hyung Kang,Tae-Hwan Noh,Du-Ku Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

The occurrence and damage of stink bugs were monitored at South Korea from 2007 to 2008. A total of 11 stink bug species were observed in paddy field and occurrence periods of stink bugs were significantly differed by species. In occurrence period and damage of stink bug feeding in paddy field, Scotinophara lurida occurred from June, Cletus punctiger, Eysarcoris aeneus, Rhopalus maculatus, Riptortus clavatus, E. ventralis, Stenotus rubrovittatus occurred from August and Pachygrontha antennata, C. schmidti, Trigonotylus caelestialium, Paromius exiguus occurred from September. When we were classified into two region with mountain and plain area cultivated rice, generally C. puntiger population was higher in mountain area than plain area, and E. aeneus was higher in plain area than mountain area. Also, stink bug species were higher in environment condition formed with a paddy field and a waterway overgrown with weeds. Control threshold for E. aeneus in paddy field was 1-2 individuals/heading stage, and then rate of pecky rice made to 5.0% while milk stage, dough stage and yellow ripe stage made to less than 5.0%.

Life Cycle and Predation Potential of the Black Cricket, Methicoche Vittaticollis(Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Its Population Density in the Rice Field

Lee, Geon-Hwi,K. L. Heong,Paik, Chae-Hoon,Kim, Doo-Ho,Na, Seung-Yeoung,Park, Man-Young Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2002 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.5 No.2

Life cycle and predation potential of a predatory black crickets, Methioche vittaticollis (Stal), were studied in the laboratory at the conditions of 27$\pm\;1^{\cir}$ and 70$\pm$5% RH with a photoperiod of 14. 10 (L: D). Average life cycle was 90 days. The cylindrical eggs were laid singly within the leaf sheath and hatched in 17 days. Total nymphal period lasted 33 days. There were four nymphal stadia that lasted for 7.2, 7.7, 8.7, and 9.0 days, respectively. Adult male and female lived an average of 35 and 43 days, respectively. The female lay an average of 45 eggs during her life span. The number of striped stemborer (SSB) eggs consumed per day by 1 st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar nymphs of M. vittaticollis was 1.7, 2.5, 13.3 and 184.3, respectively, Also, The number of SSB eggs consumed per day by male and female adults were 102.7 and 158.7, respectively. The fourth instar nymph consumed the most number of preys. The functional response curve of 4th instar nymph, male and female adults of M. vittaticollis to the densities of SSB eggs indicated Helling's TYPE B. The consumption of prey by the M. vittaticollis increased with the prey density but the consumption rate decreased. The attack rate of 4th instar of M. vittaticollis was the highest compared to the adults, and handling time was the shortest. Population densities of hoppers and lepidoptera in unsprayed field consisted of rice variety "PSBRC 20" were very low throughout the cropping period. This could be due to the high density of if vittaticollis. M. vittaticollis was collected from the field and bunds, its population inside the field increased as crop matures. Bunds served as refuge for predators when the crop is maturity stage.ity stage.

Ecological Characteristics and Damage of Maize Weevil and Indian Meal Moth

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Man-Young Choi,Tae-Hwan Noh,Hyeong-Kwon Shim 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Maize weevil (Sittophilus zeamais) and Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) are the dominant species among the stored grain insect pests of the rice grain and bran. This experiment was conducted to investigate developmental characteristic and damages of S. zeamais and P. interpunctella on the rice. Under five constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, developmental periods from egg to adult of Sittophilus zeamais were 43.0, 36.4, 29.2, 20.8 and 16.3 days, respectively. With egg periods being 9.6, 7.3, 5.2, 3.2 and 2.6 days, and larval periods being 25.2, 22.6, 19.8, 14.5 and 11.3 days, and adult periods being 129.3, 116.1, 108.6, 89.2 and 73.3 days, respectively. Damages of S. zeamais adult at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 67.2, 96.2, 134.0 and 174.5 for 24hr on the rice. Damages of P. interpunctella larval 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 56.2, 78.3, 109.4 and 138.7 for 24hr on the rice. The duration of maximum occurrence were June to August for S. zeamais, late May to early August for P. interpunctella.

Effect of stress state and Temperature on the kinetics of martensitic phase transformation in TRIP steel

Hwi-Geon Kim(김휘건),Jinwoo Lee(이진우),Frederic Barlat,Myoung-Gyu Lee(이명규) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

Effect of Capillary Barrier on Soil Salinity and Corn Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land

Lee, Sanghun,Lee, Su-Hwan,Bae, Hui-Su,Lee, Jang-Hee,Oh, Yang-Yul,Noh, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Geon-Hwi 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Salt accumulation at soil surface is one of the most detrimental factors for crop production in reclaimed tidal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of capillary barriers beneath the soil surface on dynamics of soil salts at coarse-textured reclaimed tidal land. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for two years (2012-2013). Capillary barriers ($3.5{\times}12m$) were treated with crushed-stone, oyster shell waste, coal briquette ash, coal bottom ash, rice hull and woodchip at 40-60 cm depth from soil surface. Silage corn (Zea mays) was cultivated during the experimental period and soil salinity was monitored periodically. Soil salinity was significantly reduced with capillary barrier compared to that of control. Oyster shell waste was one of the most effective capillary barrier materials to control soil salinity at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. At the first growing season capillary barrier did not influence on corn growth regardless of types of the material, but plant biomass and withering rate of corn were significantly improved with capillary barrier at the second growing season. The results of this study showed that capillary barrier was effective on the control of soil salinity and improvement of corn growth, which indicated that capillary barrier treatment can be considered one of the best management practices for stable crop production at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.

The Economic Threshold Level for Rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G. on Rice

Lee Geon-Hwi,Paik Chae-Hoon,Choi Man-Young,Bae Soon-Do 한국응용곤충학회 2005 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.05

Population density of Insect Pests and Natural enemies in the Rice Field

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Tae-Hwan Noh,Hyeong-Kwon Shim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Biological control of rice insect pest is an important component of an IPM program. There are many species of natural enemies which contribute to the suppression of rice pest populations below economic injury levels. In order to use biological control more efficiently, it is a need to identify beneficial species and determine their roles in possible regulation of insect pests. There is a rich complex of biological control agents in rice and bund. This research was carried out to investigate the population density of insect pests and natural enemies in the rice field and bund. A total of 7 pest species and 15 natural enemy species were collected in the rice field. 10 pest species and 20 natural enemy species were collected in the bund, also. Changes in population density of insect pests and its prey were investigated in the rice field and bund. Population densities of insect pests were low at any time during the rice growth period in the field. This could be the high density of natural enemies. Bunds served as refuge for natural enemies when rice maturity. There are rich complex of biological control agents in rice field and bund. So, when we practice integrated pest management(IPM) of rice insect pests, we should use various natural enemies.

Occurrence and Developmental Characteristics of Maize Weevil

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Tae-Hwan Noh,Hyeong-Kwon Shim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

We have gathered rice grain and bran from conventional mills and RPC(Rice Processing Complex) for the survey of stored grain insect pests. Maize weevil(Sittophilus zeamais) is the dominant species among the stored grain insect pests of the rice grain and bran. Under three constant temperatures, 15, 20 and 25℃, developmental periods from egg to adult were 43.0, 37.5 and 29.2 days, respectively. With egg periods being 9.6, 7.3 and 5.2days, and larval periods being 25.2, 21.8 and 19.8days, and adult periods being 126.1, 110.3 and 108.6days, respectively. The adults of Maize weevil feed basically on the same the foods as the larvae but not as restricted in their diets because the larvae need to develop inside whole grains. Feeding of S. zeamais adult usually began 3∼4 days after emergence at 25℃. Then adult feeding ca. one rice a day, reaching a peak of 20∼40days after emergence.

Effect of Capillary Barrier on Soil Salinity and Corn Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land

Sanghun Lee,Su-Hwan Lee,Hui-su Bae,Jang-Hee Lee,Yang-Yul Oh,Tae-Hwan Noh,Geon-Hwi Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Salt accumulation at soil surface is one of the most detrimental factors for crop production in reclaimed tidal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of capillary barriers beneath the soil surface on dynamics of soil salts at coarse-textured reclaimed tidal land. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for two years (2012-2013). Capillary barriers (3.5x12 m) were treated with crushed-stone, oyster shell waste, coal briquette ash, coal bottom ash, rice hull and woodchip at 40-60 cm depth from soil surface. Silage corn (Zea mays) was cultivated during the experimental period and soil salinity was monitored periodically. Soil salinity was significantly reduced with capillary barrier compared to that of control. Oyster shell waste was one of the most effective capillary barrier materials to control soil salinity at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. At the first growing season capillary barrier did not influence on corn growth regardless of types of the material, but plant biomass and withering rate of corn were significantly improved with capillary barrier at the second growing season. The results of this study showed that capillary barrier was effective on the control of soil salinity and improvement of corn growth, which indicated that capillary barrier treatment can be considered one of the best management practices for stable crop production at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.