The Status of Laboratory Animal Production and Visions in the 21st Century - Review -

Gartner, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7

Today, laboratory animal production has decreased world-wide to half the number estimated in 1970 of more than 100 Mio. This is due to the cell-biological assays which replaced animal experimentation as a first allround method to solve biomedical problems. Animal experimentation remains the most significant experimental method for the study of higher organized physiological systems and their multifactorial connections. This requires maximal uniformity of all quantitative traits among the animals used for such studies (mainly mice and rats) and stability of these traits for reproducing such studies at any time world-wide. The success of the developed methods for the standardization of laboratory animals was analyzed and were found only partly be acceptable. Getting a higher degree of uniformity among standardized inbred animals is blocked by "intangible variance". This is caused by influences of ooplasm, shown by experimental twin and clone studies. Manipulation of this component of variance is essential in the future. - Genetic drifts impair the necessary stability of biological traits. There are a few disadvantages associated with the cryopreservation of embryos and other methods are required. - Dogs and cats were replaced by pigs as laboratory animals. A new line of animal production will evolve over the next 25 years with similarities to the present laboratory animal production, because in future pigs were used as donors for xenotransplants for men.

Doped Sol-gel TiO₂ Films for Biological Applications

Gartner, M.,Trapalis, C.,Todorova, N.,Giannakopoulou, T.,Dobrescu, G.,Anastasescu, M.,Osiceanu, P.,Ghita, A.,Enache, M.,Dumitru, L.,Stoica, T.,Zaharescu, M.,Bae, J.Y.,Suh, S.H. Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5

Mono and multilayer TiO2(Fe, $PEG_{600}$) films were deposited by the dip-coating on $SiO_2$/glass substrate using sol-gel method. In an attempt to improve the antibacterial properties of doped $TiO_2$ films, the influence of the iron oxides and polyethilenglycol ($PEG_{600}$) on the morphological, optical, surface chemical composition and biological properties of nanostructured layers was studied. Complementary measurements were performed including Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with the fractal analysis, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and antibacterial tests. It was found that different concentrations of Fe and $PEG_{600}$ added to coating solution strongly influence the porosity and morphology at nanometric scale related to fractal behaviour and the elemental and chemical states of the surfaces as well. The thermal treatment under oxidative atmosphere leads to films densification and oxides phase stabilization. The antibacterial activity of coatings against Escherichia Coli bacteria was examined by specific antibacterial tests.

Doped Sol-gel TiO₂Films for Biological Applications

M. Gartner*,C. Trapalis,N. Todorova,T. Giannakopoulou,G. Dobrescu,M. Anastasescu,P. Osiceanu,A. Ghita,M. Enache,L. Dumitru,T. Stoica,§ M. Zaharescu,J. Y. Bae,S.-H. Su* 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5

Mono and multilayer TiO₂(Fe, PEG600) films were deposited by the dip-coating on SiO₂/glass substrate using sol-gel method. In an attempt to improve the antibacterial properties of doped TiO₂films, the influence of the iron oxides and polyethilenglycol (PEG600) on the morphological, optical, surface chemical composition and biological properties of nanostructured layers was studied. Complementary measurements were performed including Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with the fractal analysis, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and antibacterial tests. It was found that different concentrations of Fe and PEG600 added to coating solution strongly influence the porosity and morphology at nanometric scale related to fractal behaviour and the elemental and chemical states of the surfaces as well. The thermal treatment under oxidative atmosphere leads to films densification and oxides phase stabilization. The antibacterial activity of coatings against Escherichia Coli bacteria was examined by specific antibacterial tests.

새로운 임시적 성대 주입물 : Radiesse Lite에 대한 예비 임상실험

Kwon, Tack-Kyun,Jackie, Gartner-Schmidt,Rosen, Clark A. 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Background and Objectives : Temporary vocal fold injection is not only performed to restore the laryngeal function in temporary unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis, but also performed as a test injection prior to the permanent injection. Gelfoam has been safely used for the past several decades for the temporary vocal fold augmentation. Recently, we found a new material, called Radieses Lite, may be used as a temporary injection material. Material and Methods : We report preliminary results of 11 patients who had Radiesse Lite injection with a variety of pathologies. Results : Based on the results from the 6 patients who completed follow-up, the duration of effectiveness of Radiesse Lite seems to be from 2 to 3 months depending on the injection amount. Radiesse Lite satisfies several requirements of the ideal temporary vocal fold injection material in terms of injectability, convenience, duration of effectiveness and safety. Conclusion : The authors concluded that Radiesse Lite might be a good option for temporary vocal fold injection especially in the office setting.

Sirtuin/Sir2 Phylogeny, Evolutionary Considerations and Structural Conservation

Sebastian Greiss,Anton Gartner 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.5

The sirtuins are a protein family named after the first identified member, S. cerevisiae Sir2p. Sirtuins are protein deacetylases whose activity is dependent on NAD+ as a cosubstrate. They are structurally defined by two central domains that together form a highly conserved catalytic center, which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl moiety from acetyllysine to NAD+, yielding nicotinamide, the unique metabolite O-acetyl-ADP-ribose and deacetylated lysine. One or more sirtuins are present in virtually all species from bacteria to mammals. Here we describe a phylogenetic analysis of sirtuins. Based on their phylogenetic relationship, sirtuins can be grouped into over a dozen classes and subclasses. Humans, like most vertebrates, have seven sirtuins: SIRT1-SIRT7. These function in diverse cellular pathways, regulating transcriptional repression, aging, metabolism, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. We show that these seven sirtuins arose early during animal evolution. Conserved residues cluster around the catalytic center of known sirtuin family members.

The <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Werner Syndrome Protein Functions Upstream of ATR and ATM in Response to DNA Replication Inhibition and Double-Strand DNA Breaks

Lee, Se-Jin,Gartner, Anton,Hyun, Moonjung,Ahn, Byungchan,Koo, Hyeon-Sook Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS genetics Vol.6 No.1

<▼1><P>WRN-1 is the <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> homolog of the human Werner syndrome protein, a RecQ helicase, mutations of which are associated with premature aging and increased genome instability. Relatively little is known as to how WRN-1 functions in DNA repair and DNA damage signaling. Here, we take advantage of the genetic and cytological approaches in <I>C. elegans</I> to dissect the epistatic relationship of WRN-1 in various DNA damage checkpoint pathways. We found that WRN-1 is required for CHK1 phosphorylation induced by DNA replication inhibition, but not by UV radiation. Furthermore, WRN-1 influences the RPA-1 focus formation, suggesting that WRN-1 functions in the same step or upstream of RPA-1 in the DNA replication checkpoint pathway. In response to ionizing radiation, RPA-1 focus formation and nuclear localization of ATM depend on WRN-1 and MRE-11. We conclude that <I>C. elegans</I> WRN-1 participates in the initial stages of checkpoint activation induced by DNA replication inhibition and ionizing radiation. These functions of WRN-1 in upstream DNA damage signaling are likely to be conserved, but might be cryptic in human systems due to functional redundancy.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Werner syndrome is a premature aging syndrome associated with genomic instability. The protein linked to Werner syndrome, WRN, has both helicase and exonuclease activities and is thought to be involved in DNA repair, including the resolution of replication fork arrest as well as in telomere maintenance. However, no definite and detailed role of the protein has been elucidated in vivo. We take advantage of the <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> germ cell system to explore DNA damage response defects associated with WRN, and we focus particularly on the role of <I>wrn</I> in the cell cycle checkpoint in response to DNA replication blockage and ionizing radiation (IR). We show that WRN functions together with RPA upstream of <I>C. elegans</I> ATR in the intra S-phase checkpoint pathway, and upstream of <I>C. elegans</I> ATM and RPA in the cell cycle arrest pathway triggered by IR–induced double-strand DNA breaks. These functions of WRN in upstream DNA damage signaling are likely to be conserved, but not obvious in human systems due to functional redundancy.</P></▼2>

Physiologic Jaundice in the Yellow Race Newborns

Choi, Young Youn,Hwang, Tai Ju,Gartner, L.M. Chonnam National UniversityResearch Institute of 1988 Chonnam journal of medical sciences Vol.1 No.2

Simulation Studies for Random Sequential Adsorption in Narrow Slit: Two-Dimensional Parking Model

서숭혁,정병두,박용진,Viorel Chihaia,Viorica Parvulescu,Mariuca Gartner 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.4

장래 한국에서의 신생아 집중관리의 필요성에 관한 연구-역사적 전망

이광선 ( Kwang Sun Lee ),최중환 ( Jung Hwan Choi ),( Lawrence M. Gartner ),윤종구 ( Chong Ku Yun ) 대한주산의학회 1990 Perinatology Vol.1 No.1

선진국에서는 신생아 집중관리가 사회적 요구와 기술적 능력의 합치에 의해서 시작되었다고 한다. 이에 저자등은 문헌고찰을 통하여 신생아 및 영아 사망률을 중심으로 신생아 집중관리의 발달 과정을 알아 보았고, 국내 및 국외의 통계 자료를 기초로 하여 장래 한국에서의 신생아 집중관리의 필요성을 사회, 경제적, 인구학적 측면에서 조사·분석하고 의료시설 및 인력, 의료숫가를 고려한 지역화 계획등을 세워 봄으로서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 한국은 현재 대다수의 국민이 신생아의 생존과 치료의 향상을 요구하는 사회·경제적 단계에 있으며, 이미 신생아 집중관리를 할 수 있는 의학적인 지식을 갖고 있으므로 향후 5년내에 빠르게 발전할 것으로 기대된다. 이 기간 동안에 의료요원의 훈련, 적합한 시설의 건설등이 꼭 이루어져야 하며, 전국적인 지역화가 요구되는 단계에 있으므로, 의료요원은 합리적 계획과 조직으로 높은 수준의 신생아 집중관리에 대한 준비를 해야 한다. 현싯점에서는 신생아 집중관리에 대한 비용-잇점(cost-benefit)분석이 명확히 되어 있지 않지만 신생아 집중관리의 질이 향상됨으로써 한국의 산모와 신생아, 그리고 나아가서 전 국민에게 혜택을 주게되고, 또한 신경학적인 후유증을 줄임으로써 인간으로서의 고통을 줄일 수 있고, 삶의 질을 향상 시킴으로써 경제적 손실을 줄일 수 있다고 전망한다. In the developed countries, neonatal intensive care evolved as social demand was met by technical capability. It is our· prediction that Korea is entering that stage in economic and social development where the public will demand improved neonatal survival and outcome. Since much of the scientific basis for perinatal intensive care has already been established, Korea could rapidly enter into perinatal intensive care. Within the next five years, the emphasis should be placed on the objective of the training of staffs and constructions of suitable facilities should be accomplished. It apperars that Korea is at the juncture where it should prepare to meet the demand for obstetric and neonatal intensive care with regionalization to occur nationwide within a decade. It will come slowly, as it has in other developed nations, however. The medical profession should be ready to meet this need with a rational planning, organization, and most importantly, expectations for high standards of care. Although the cost-benefit analysis for this service may not be apparent at this time, a cascade effect of improved quality of medical care will eventually bring a far reaching benefit not only to mothers and children but also to the whole population. Efficiency in the reproductive process and reduction in poor neurobehavioral outcome will lessen human suffering, enhance the quality of life, and decrease economic waste.

Vineyards in Northern U.S. States: Farm Size and Productivity Relationship

Jong-Woo Choi,Won Fy Lee,William C. Gartner 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.7

Purpose – The production efficiency of agricultural crops has been the subject of numerous studies in the field of agricultural economics. This study examines the production efficiency of emerging vineyards in the 14 northern U.S. states and aims to understand raw input and managerial factors affecting the grape production with focusing on the effect of farm size. Research design, data, and methodology – Using a unique survey dataset that was collected from 176 vineyards in 2012, we employed data envelopment analysis (DEA) for estimation of production efficiency in individual vineyards. Production efficiency is regressed on various input and managerial covariates to understand factors influencing the productivity. Results – Although there exists positive correlation between the farm size and productivity of vineyards in Northern U.S. states, we find negative relationship when the farm size is instrumented by the additional farm size expansion indicator. The negative effect is more pronounced for the recently established vineyards. Conclusions – This study suggests that there needs to be adequate managerial improvements for emerging vineyards in northern states for the achievement of increased productivity.