Glioblastoma-Specific Anticancer Activity of Pheophorbide a from the Edible Red Seaweed Grateloupia elliptica

( Myoung Lae Cho ),( Gab Man Park ),( Su Nam Kim ),( Touseef Amna ),( Seok Joon Lee ),( Woon Seob Shin ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

The chlorophyll-related compound pheophorbide a (Pa) was successively purified from an edible red seaweed, Grateloupia elliptica, using silica, octadecyl silica column chromatography and reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as the cell cycle inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Pa being investigated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The Pa exhibited strong anticancer effects in the absence of direct photo-irradiation against various cancer cell lines, including U87MG, SK-OV-3, and HeLa cells. Among the cancer cells, the strongest anticancer activity of Pa exhibited on U87MG cells with IC50 values of 2.8μg/ml. In addition, Pa specifically had cytostatic activity on glioblastoma cells rather than human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Analysis of the cell cycle distribution showed that Pa induced G0/G1 arrest of U87 MG cells. In addition, arrested cells induced late apoptosis and DNA degradation under dark condition. These results suggest that Pa isolated from G. elliptica is a potential glioblastoma-specific anticancer agent without side effects on normal cells.

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자의 체지방 분포와 인슐린 저항성과의 상관성

허갑범 ( Heo Gab Beom ),김유리 ( Kim Yu Li ),안광진 ( An Gwang Jin ),정윤석 ( Jeong Yun Seog ),이은직 ( Lee Eun Jig ),임승길 ( Im Seung Gil ),김경래 ( Kim Gyeong Lae ),이현철 ( Lee Hyeon Cheol ),백인경 ( Baeg In Gyeong ),최미숙 ( 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

연구배경 : 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병은 고혈압, 관상동맥질환, 그리고 고지혈증과 흔히 동반되는데, 이들 질환의 특징은 말초조직에서 인슐린 자극에 의한 포도당의 이용율이 저하되는 인슐린 저항성이 공통분모로서 이들 질환의 발병에 중용한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 서구인과 비교할 때 비만증의 정도가 경하고 식사 습관상 지방의 섭취량이 적은 한국인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자들에서 인슐린 저항성의 특징과 체지방 분포 양상과의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 방법 : 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병의 병력이 5년 미만이며 공복혈당이 150mg/dl 이하인 경중의 고혈당을 보이고 당뇨병의 합병증이 없는 환자로서 정상 체중군 6예와 과다 체중근 12예중 중심성 비만군 6예와 말초성 비만군 6예를 대상으로 식사 조사, 신체 계측, Futrex-5000에 의한 체지방량 측정, 복부와 대퇴 컴퓨터 단층 촬영, 경구 당부하 검사, 혈청 지질 측정, euglycemic hyperin-sulinemic glucose clamp study로 포도당 이용율을 측정하였다. 결과 : 1) 중심성 비만군과 말초성 비만군의 평균 체중은 차이가 없었고 waist/hip ratio와 체지방량은 중심성 비만군이 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 2) 컴퓨터 단층 촬영으로 측정한 내장 지방 면적은 비만군이 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 넓었고 피하 지방 면적은 양군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 경구 당부하 검사상 혈당 반응에는 세 군간에 차이가 없었고 경구 당부하후 120분의 혈장 C-peptide와 인슐린 농도는 중심성 비만군에서 말초성 비만군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 4) 포도당 이용율은 중심성 비만군과 말초성 비만군이 정상 체중군에 비해 유의헥 낮았으며 중심성 비만군이 말초성 비만군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 5) 포도당 이용율과 신체 계측치와의 상관성을 보면 전체 환자에서는 waist/hip ratio가 가장 높은 음의 상관 관계를 보였고, 과다 체중군에서는 waist/thigh ratio가 가장 높은 음의 상관 관계를 보였다. 6) 중심성 비만증이 심할수록 고인슐린혈중과 높은 혈중 유리지방산 농도를 보이고 이들에서 포도당 이용율이 낮아 인슐린 저항성은 증가하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 한국인 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자의 인슐린 저항성을 결정하는데는 신장에 대한 체중이나 체지방량 자체보다는 체지방의 분포 양상이 중요한 역할을 하며, 특히 과다 체중환자에서는 적절한 식사와 운동에 의하여 신체의 체형을 변화시키는 것이 당질 및 지질 대사 장애를 개선함에 매우 중요할 것으로 생각한다. Background : The role of insulin resistance is known to be very important in the pathogenesis and clinical courses of human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease, and dyslipoproteinemia. Methods : To investigate the correlation between insulin resistance and the pattern of body fat distribution in Korean patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), dietary survey, anthropometry, CT scan, measurement of body fat by body composition analyzer, oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of glucose uptake rate by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique were performed in 6 normal weight patients and 12 overweight-obese NIDDM patients. Six of 12 overweight-obese patients are centrally obese with waist to hip circumference ratio : WHR?1 and 6 cases are peripherally obese with WHR<1. Results : 1) There was no difference between the mean body weigh of centrally obese patients and peripherally obese patients but WHR and body fat content of centrally obese patients were significantly higher than those of peripherally obese patients. 2) In the centrally obese patients visceral fat area measured by CT scan was significantly wider than in the peripherally obese patients but subcutaneous fat area was not different between the two groups. 3) Plasma glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance tests were not different among the three groups but plasma C-peptide and insulin levels at 2 hour after glucose load were significantly higher in centrally obese patients than in peripherally obese patients. 4) Glucose uptake rate (M/I ratio) of centrally obese patients was significantly lower than that of peripherally obese patients. 5) The WHR showed the highest negative correlation with M/I ratio in the all patients and waist thigh circumference ratio (WTR) showed the highest negative correlation with M/I ratio in overweight-obese patients. 6) Insulin area and fasting level of free fatty acid showed significant positive correlation with WHR and significant negative correlation with M/I ratio. Conclusion : It could be concluded that the pattern of body fat distribution rather than the relative body weight for height or body fat content has a greater role in determining the degree of insulin resistance in Korean patients with NIDDM. And further a change of the body configuration through adequate diet and exercise is highly recommended for overweight-obese NIDDM patients.

양측 견관절을 침범한 거울 병변

문영래(Young-Lae Moon),이철갑(Chul-Gab Lee),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 대한견주관절의학회 2006 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

전경골건 부분 이식을 이용한 장족무지신건 퇴행성 파열의 치료 사례

Kim Jiyoun,Kim Gab-Lae,Kim Taeho 대한족부족관절학회 2022 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Chronic extensor hallucis longus (EHL) tendon rupture is relatively rare, but in such cases, surgical repair is necessary to prevent hallux dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, reconstruction of chronic EHL rupture using a split tibialis anterior tendon autograft has not been previously reported. Here we present a case of spontaneous EHL tendon rupture with a 5 cm gap in a healthy 57-year-old woman. At the 1-year follow-up evaluation, hallux function was restored, and the patient was well satisfied with results.

족관절 골절 수술에서의 유착방지제(Guardix^®)의 효과 연구

김갑래,권환진,Kim, Gab Lae,Kwon, Hwan Jin 대한족부족관절학회 2017 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Purpose: Reducing tenderness or pain on the ankle joint and improving the range of motion are thought to be possible using hyaluronate-based anti-adhesive agents. On the other hand, there are more aspects to be studied regarding the incidence of complications, such as resting pain, tenderness, and stiffness, after surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the agents after ankle fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation surgery due to ankle joint fractures from June 2015 to May 2016, were studied prospectively. Thirty patients of them received a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection during their surgeries and were included in the injection group. The other 30 patients were included in the control group. Postoperatively, tenderness on the scar, a delay in wound healing, and the active range of motion were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results: A significant difference in tenderness on the scar was observed 2 weeks after surgery. On the other hand, there was no significant difference at 6 and 12 weeks after the surgery. The agent-using group showed a 6.7% delay in wound healing and a 93.3% nondelaying. In the non-using group, the delay was 63.3%, while non-delay was 36.7% (p<0.001). The group that underwent $Guardix^{(R)}$ usage showed an effective result in the visual analogue scale, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The result at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Improvement was observed in the patients who underwent a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection, regarding the range of motion, visual analog scale, and healing of the wound postoperatively.

A Novel Fluoroscopic View for Positioning the AO Clavicle Hook Plate Decreases Its Associated in situ Complications

Yoon-Suk Hyun,Gab-Lae Kim,Sang-Min Choi,Woo-Jin Shin,Dong-Yeon Seo 대한견주관절의학회 2016 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether a modified fluoroscopic technique for positioning a hook plate affected the clinical results of treating Neer type II distal clavicle fractures and Rockwood type V acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations with this device. Methods: The study was a retrospective consecutive case series with data analysis. Sixty-four patients with a Neer type II distal clavicle fracture or a Rockwood type V AC joint injury treated between March 2009 and June 2013 were divided into 2 groups: traditional fluoroscopic technique (traditional view, 31 patients) or modified fluoroscopic technique (‘hook’ view, 33 patients). A visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the modified University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scale score, and radiographic osteolysis were the main outcome measures. Results: The traditional group included a significantly larger number of patients with acromial osteolysis than the hook view group: 23 patients (74.2%) vs. 11 patients (33.3%), respectively (p=0.01). Before plate removal, the hook group reported less pain and higher UCLA shoulder scale scores than the traditional group: average VAS score, 1.55 vs. 2.26, respectively; average UCLA score, 30.88 vs. 27.06, respectively. However, there was no significant difference after plate removal. Conclusions: The hook view allows more accurate bending of the hook plate around the contour of the acromion, resulting in decreased osteolysis, decreased pain, and better function with the plate in situ.

후방도달법을 이용한 흉요추부 골절의 수술적 치료

이진영,김갑래 대한척추외과학회 2001 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.8 No.3

The thoracolumbar spine remains the most common site of vertebral column injuries. Surgical stabilization using posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar injuries offers several advantages such as nearly anatomical reduction of fractures, protection of neurologic function and most important early ambulation of the patient, and so major benefits of early fixation are decreased hospital stay, early rehabilitation, and prevention of deformity and pain. The treatment of fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine has been progressively improved over the past decades and recently a lot of posterior instrumentation has been introduced to improve fixation of the involved vertebrae three dimensionally and short segmental fixation as possible.

족관절 골절 수술 후 내고정물의 제거 시기와 요인에 대한 연구결과

김지연(Jiyoun Kim),김갑래(Gab-Lae Kim),전영헌(Young-Heon Jeon),이동우(Dong-Woo Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2023 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.58 No.6

목적: 족관절 골절은 성인에서 자주 발생하는 골절 유형 중 하나이며 흔히 수술 시 내고정을 위해 금속 내고정물을 삽입한다. 일반적으로 금속 제거술은 초기 골절 수술 1년 후에 시행된다. 하지만 환자 각각의 의료 환경이 다르고 개인의 여러가지 다른 상황이나 여건에 따라서 금속 제거술이 상이한 시기에 시행되고 있다. 골절 수술 이후 금속 제거술의 적절한 시기와 요인에 대하여 국내에서 시행된 연구가 부족한 상황으로, 본 저자들은 금속 내고정물의 제거 시기와 요인에 대해서 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2017년 1월부터 2021년 1월까지 본원에서 수술받은 족관절 골절 환자 502명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 환자의 의료 기록과 단순 방사선 촬영 혹은 컴퓨터 단층 촬영(computed tomography)을 조사하여 골절 유형에 따라 분류하였다. 각 환자의 금속 제거술 시기를 확인하였고, 금속 제거술을 받은 환자들이 수술 당시 호소하는 주요 증상과 금속 제거술 이후 수술 관련 합병증 발생 유무, 증상의 호전 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 502예 중 347예(69.1%)에서 금속 제거술이 시행되었다. 금속 제거술을 시행하기까지 경과한 시간은 평균 9.3개월이었다. 나이, 초기 수상 당시 골절의 양상 혹은 수술 기법의 차이에 따른 금속 제거술의 시기는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 초기 수술 후 늦은 시기에 금속 제거술을 시행(476–1,117일)한 환자군과 결합인대에 내고정물을 삽입한 환자군에서 관절가동범위 제한이 다수 확인되었다. 결론: 결합인대에 내고정물을 삽입한 환자군에서 금속 제거술을 통해 관절가동범위 향상을 꾀할 수 있었다. 금속 제거술의 수술 관련 합병증 발생 빈도가 높지 않은 것을 고려하였을 때, 환자의 여건이 되는 한 골유합 확인 후 조기에 금속 제거술을 시행함으로써 관절의 구축을 방지할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Ankle fractures are one of the common fractures occurring in adults and often require internal fixation devices to be inserted to aid in the healing process. Typically, surgery is performed one year after the initial fracture surgery to remove the device. However, the timing and factors for hardware removal surgery vary depending on the patient’s specific medical circumstances and various other factors. There is a lack of domestic research on the appropriate timing and reasons for hardware removal surgery after fracture surgery. Therefore, the authors conducted a study to examine the timing and factors for the removal of the internal fixation devices. Materials and Methods: Our study consisted of a retrospective review of 502 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures over a period of four years from 2017 to 2021. We checked the time to hardware removal surgery for each patient. For those who underwent hardware removal surgery, the timing of metal removal surgery for each patient was determined, and the presenting symptoms at the time of the surgery, the occurrence of surgical complications related to metal removal, and the improvement of symptoms after the procedure were assessed. Results: Among the 502 cases reviewed, hardware removal surgery was performed in 347 cases (69.1%). The average time elapsed until hardware removal surgery was 9.3 months. Age, initial fracture pattern, or surgical technique did not show significant variations with respect to the timing of hardware removal surgery. A significant number of cases in the patient group that underwent hardware removal surgery at a later stage (476–1,117 days) after the initial surgery and in the group that had a syndesmotic fixation with implants, showed restricted joint mobility. Conclusion: In the group of patients who had a syndesmotic fixation with implants, the removal of metal allowed for an improvement in joint mobility. Hardware removal surgery has a relatively low frequency of associated surgical complications. Hence, performing early hardware removal surgery after confirming bone union can be beneficial in preventing joint stiffness as long as the patient’s condition permits it.

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Ankle and Subtalar Joint Treated by Surgical Excision and Ligament Reconstructions: A Case Report

Shin, Jae-Hyuk,Lee, Byung Hoon,Kim, Gab-Lae,Kim, Kwon Korean FootAnkle Society 2016 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) involving ankle joint needs complete mass excision and total synovectomy to reduce recurrence rate, while surrounding ligaments can be easily damaged. So the concurrent ligament reconstruction should be considered for post-excisional instability in subtalar joint as well as lateral ankle joint. We describe our experience in the management of a diffuse type PVNS, invades lateral talocrural joint extended to subtalar joint and introduce a new technique of all-in-one reconstruction for anterior talofibular,calcaneofibular and cervical ligament. Our new reconstruction technique applying modified Chrisman and Snook technique is useful in stabilization for deficiencies of the ligament complexafter PVNS excisionat lateral ankle and subtalar joint.

관절경하 제한적 내고정술과 Ilizarov 기기를 이용한 경골 천정 골절의 치료

이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ),김갑래 ( Gab Lae Kim ),오형석 ( Hyung Seok Oh ),신건호 ( Kun Ho Shin ),박덕용 ( Deok Yong Park ) 대한골절학회 2006 대한골절학회지 Vol.19 No.2

목적: 관절경하 제한적 내고정술과 Ilizarov 외고정기를 이용하여 경골 천정 골절을 치료하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 그 유용성을 보고하는 바이다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2004년 3월까지 본원에서 제한적 내고정술과 Ilizarov 외고정기를 이용하여 치료한 22예의 경골 천정 골절 환자를 대상으로 임상적 평가, 골유합 시기, 관절 운동 범위, 합병증을 후향적 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 주시 기간은 16개월이었고 평균 연령은 39.2세였다. Ovadia와 Beals의 방법에 따른 평가상 1, 2형 골절에서 모두 양호이상의 만족스런 결과를 보였다. 술 후 평균 골유합 기간은 폐쇄성 굴절이 13주, 개방성 굴절은 평균 16주에 이루어 졌다. 평균 관절 운동 범위는 족배 굴곡은 12도 (0~20도), 족저 굴곡은 25도 (15~35도)였다. 결론: 경골 천정 골절의 수술적 치료 후 발생할 수 있는 연부조직 합병증과 관절면의 부조화는 예후에 매우 중요한 요소이며 이를 최소화하기 위해 수술 시 연부조직 및 골조직에 대한 거친 조작을 피하고 관절면을 정확히 정복해야 한다. 따라서 관절겸하 제한적 정복술과 Ilizarov 기기를 이용한 수술법은 매우 효과적인 치료법이라 생각한다. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of the pilon fractures treated with arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and Ilizarov external fixation. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of the clinical result, bone union, complication and postoperative ankle function of 22 pilon fractures treated with arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and lIizarov external fixation between January 1999 to March 2004. Results: Clinical follow up averaged 16 months, with an average age of 39.2. All patients with type 1 and 2 fracture had excellent or good score by Ovadia and Beals criteria. Closed fractures healed within 13 weeks and open fractures within 16 weeks after surgery in average. Average range of motion of the ankle was 12° dorsiflexion (0~20 degree) and 25° plantar flexion (15~35 degree). Conclusion: Minimal soft tissue dissection and anatomical reduction are very important factor for minimizing complication and satisfactory ankle function. So, arthroscopically assisted limited open reduction and lIizarov external fixation is an effective treatment option for tibial pilon fractures.