비만에 따른 요통환자의 체중분포와 요부 근력차이에 관한 비교분석

한길수 ( G. S. Han ),김건도 ( G. D. Kim ),임동춘 ( D. C. Lim ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2010 운동과학 Vol.19 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 비만에 따른 요통환자의 체중분포와 요부 근기능 및 안정화 비율의 차이를 비교·분석하는 데 있다. 서울 강남에 소재한 J병원에 내원한 남성 만성요통환자 60명 중 체질량지수(Body Mass Index: BMI)가 25kg/m² 이상인 G1그룹 30명과 이하인 G2그룹 30명을 대상으로 Tetrax와 MedX를 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 체중분포에서 G1그룹은 왼쪽 발뒤꿈치 1.97%(p>.05), 오른쪽 발뒤꿈치 2.37%에서 높게 나타났고(p>.05), G2그룹에서는 왼쪽 발앞꿈치 2.75%(p>.05), 오른쪽 발앞꿈치 1.97%(p>.05)에서 더 높은 체중이 실리는 것으로 나타났다. 요부 각도별 신전근력에서 G1그룹이 G2그룹에 비해 모든 각도에서 높은 근력을 나타냈고, 0°(p>.05), 12°(p>.05)를 제외한 24°(p<.05), 36°(p<.01), 48°(p<.001), 60°(p<.001), 72°(p<.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 요부 안정화 비율에서는 G1그룹의 경우 2.75+_1.31, G2그룹 2.48+_2.23로 나타났다(p>.05). 결론적으로 요부 각도별 신전근력에서 G1그룹이 G2그룹에 비해 모든 각도에서 근력이 높게 나타냈고. 발의 체중분포에서 G1그룹은 비만에 따른 요추의 전만을 증가시켜 힘의 중심을 더 후방으로 유지하려는 경향을 보이고 있는데, 이는 요부 신전근력의 약화로 이어져 안정화 비율에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. This study was aimed to determine the effect for the weight distribution and lumbar extension strength associated with obesity index in male patients of Chronic Low Back Pain. Sixty subjects(obesity group(BMI:25Kg/m2): n=30, non obesity group: n=30) participated on this study. Both group were tested on lumbar extension using by MedX machine. Front heels and back heels were measured twice using by the Tetrax Portable Multiple System. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the difference between the two groups. Study results showed that the obese back pain group(G1) had more weight loaded on both heels than the normal back pain group(G2), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p>.05). As for the lumbar extension strength at each angle, the obese back pain group appeared higher muscular strength than the normal group at 0°, but was stronger at angles 12°, 24°, 36°, 48°, 60°, and 72°. The ratio of lumbar flexion 72° and 0° angle showed 2.75:1 in G1 group and 2.48:1 in G2 group. Overall, the back pain group of obesity(G1) according to weight distribution tended to maintain their center of force more backwards by increasing the lordosis degree with abdominal distension.

Simulation of single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI)

Lim, H.W.,Lee, H.W.,Cho, H.S.,Je, U.K.,Park, C.K.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, G.A.,Park, S.Y.,Lee, D.Y.,Park, Y.O.,Woo, T.H.,Lee, S.H.,Chung, W.H.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, J.G. Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique, which was recently proposed by Wen et al. to retrieve absorption, scattering, and phase-gradient images from the raw image of the examined object, seems a practical method for phase-contrast imaging with great simplicity and minimal requirements on the setup alignment. In this work, we developed a useful simulation platform for g-PCXI and performed a simulation to demonstrate its viability. We also established a table-top setup for g-PCXI which consists of a focused-linear grid (200-lines/in strip density), an x-ray tube (100-μm focal spot size), and a flat-panel detector (48-μm pixel size) and performed a preliminary experiment with some samples to show the performance of the simulation platform. We successfully obtained phase-contrast x-ray images of much enhanced contrast from both the simulation and experiment and the simulated contract seemed similar to the experimental contrast, which shows the performance of the developed simulation platform. We expect that the simulation platform will be useful for designing an optimal g-PCXI system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> It is proposed for the single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique. </LI> <LI> We implemented for a numerical simulation code. </LI> <LI> The preliminary experiment with several samples to compare is performed. </LI> <LI> It is expected to be useful to design an optimal g-PCXI system. </LI> </UL> </P>

Predictive risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes meningitis compared to pneumococcal meningitis: a multicenter case–control study

Lim, S.,Chung, D. R.,Kim, Y. S.,Sohn, K. M.,Kang, S. J.,Jung, S. I.,Kim, S. W.,Chang, H. H.,Lee, S. S.,Bae, I. G. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Infection Vol.45 No.1

<P>Patients with a prior history of receiving immunosuppressive therapy within 1 month and chronic liver disease have 8.1-fold and 5-fold increased risk of meningitis by L. monocytogenes compared to S. pneumoniae, respectively.</P>

Two zinc-aminoclays' in-vitro cytotoxicity assessment in HeLa cells and in-vivo embryotoxicity assay in zebrafish

Chun, H.S.,Park, D.,Eun Lim, S.,Jeong, K.H.,Park, J.S.,Park, H.J.,Kang, S.,Kang, K.S.,Park, H.G.,An, H.R.,Huh, Y.S.,Lee, Y.C. Academic Press 2017 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.137 No.-

<P>Two zinc-aminoclays [ZnACs] with functionalized primary amines [(-CH2)(3)NH2] were prepared by a simple solgel reaction using cationic metal precursors of ZnCl2 and Zn(NO3)(2) with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane [APTES] under ambient conditions. Due to the facile interaction of heavy metals with primary amine sites and Zn-related intrinsic antimicrobial activity, toxicity assays of ZnACs nanoparticles (NPs) prior to their environmental and human-health applications are essential. However, such reports remain rare. Thus, in the present study, a cell viability assay of in-vitro HeLa cells comparing ZnCl2, Zn(NO3)(2) salts, and ZnO (similar to 50 mn average diameter) NPs was performed. Interestingly, compared with the ZnCl2, and Zn(NO3)(2) salts, and ZnO NPs (18.73/18.12/ 51.49 mu g/mL and 18.12/15.19/46.10 mu g/mL of IC50 values for 24 and 48 h), the two ZnACs NPs exhibited the highest toxicity (1050 values of 21.18/18.36 mu g/mL and 18.37/17.09 mu g/mL for 24 and 48 h, respectively), whose concentrations were calculated on Zn elemental composition. This might be due to the enhanced bioavailability and uptake into cells of ZnAC NPs themselves and their positively charged hydrophilicity by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, particularly as ZnACs exist in cationic NP's form, not in released Zn2+ ionic form (i.e., dissolved nanometal). However, in an in-vivo embryotoxicity assay in zebrafish, ZnACs and ZnO NPs showed toxic effects at 50-100 mu g/mL (corresponding to 37.88-75.76 of Zn wt% mu g/mL). The hatching rate (%) of zebrafish was lowest for the ZnO NPs, particularly where ZnAC-[(NO3)(2)] is slightly more toxic than ZnAC-[Cl-2]. These results are all very pertinent to the issue of ZnACs' potential applications in the environmental and biomedical fields.</P>

Phase II study of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin as therapy for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer: influence of the <i>CYP2A6</i> polymorphism on pharmacokinetics and clinical activity

Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>

The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP selectively regulates mutant epidermal growth factor receptor by ubiquitination and degradation

Chung, C.,Yoo, G.,Kim, T.,Lee, D.,Lee, C.S.,Cha, H.R.,Park, Y.H.,Moon, J.Y.,Jung, S.S.,Kim, J.O.,Lee, J.C.,Kim, S.Y.,Park, H.S.,Park, M.,Park, D.I.,Lim, D.S.,Jang, K.W.,Lee, J.E. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2

Somatic mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a decisive factor for the therapeutic response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in lung adenocarcinoma. The stability of mutant EGFR is maintained by various regulators, including heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone and exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The high-affinity Hsp90-CHIP complex recognizes and selectively regulates their client proteins. CHIP also works with its own E3 ligase activity independently of Hsp70/Hsp90. Here, we investigated the role of CHIP in regulating EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma and also evaluated the specificity of CHIP's effects on mutant EGFR. In HEK 293T cells transfected with either WT EGFR or EGFR mutants, the overexpression of CHIP selectively decreased the expression of certain EGFR mutants (G719S, L747_E749del A750P and L858R) but not WT EGFR. In a pull-down assay, CHIP selectively interacted with EGFR mutants and simultaneously induced their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The expressions of mutant EGFR in PC9 and H1975 were diminished by CHIP, while the expression of WT EGFR in A549 was nearly not affected. In addition, CHIP overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft's tumor growth of EGFR mutant cell lines, but not WT EGFR cell lines. EGFR mutant specific ubiquitination by CHIP may provide a crucial regulating mechanism for EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that CHIP can be novel therapeutic target for overcoming the EGFR TKI resistance.

Preparation and characterization of sulfonated amine-poly(ether sulfone)s for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Seo, D.W.,Lim, Y.D.,Lee, S.H.,Jeong, Y.G.,Hong, T.W.,Kim, W.G. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.35 No.23

Sulfonated amine-poly(ether sulfone)s (S-APES)s were prepared by nitration, reduction and sulfonation of poly(ether sulfone) (ultrason<SUP>(</SUP>R)-S6010). Poly(ether sulfone) was reacted with ammonium nitrate and trifluoroacetic anhydride to produce the nitrated poly(ether sulfone), and was followed by reduction using tin(II)chloride and sodium iodide as reducing agents to give the amino-poly(ether sulfone). The S-APES was obtained by reaction of 1,3-propanesultone and the amino-poly(ether sulfone) (NH<SUB>2</SUB>-PES) with sodium methoxide. The different degrees of nitration and reduction of poly(ether sulfone) were successfully synthesized by an optimized process. The reduction of nitro group to amino was done quantitatively, and this controlled the contents of the sulfonic acid group. The films were converted from salt to acid forms with dilute hydrochloric acid. Different contents of sulfonated unit of the S-APES were studied by FT-IR, <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), a measure of proton conductivity, was evaluated. The S-APES membranes exhibit conductivities (25 <SUP>o</SUP>C) from 1.05 x 10<SUP>-3</SUP> to 4.83 x 10<SUP>-3</SUP> S/cm, water swell from 30.25 to 66.50%, IEC from 0.38 to 0.82 meq/g, and methanol diffusion coefficients from 3.10 x 10<SUP>-7</SUP> to 4.82 x 10<SUP>-7</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/S at 25 <SUP>o</SUP>C.

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

Structural properties of pretreated biomass from different acid pretreatments and their effects on simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation

Lim, W.S.,Kim, J.Y.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, J.W.,Choi, I.G.,Lee, J.W. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.139 No.-

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different acid pretreatments on the hydrolysis of biomass and ethanol production. Maleic, oxalic, and sulfuric acids were used individually as catalysts. The fermentable sugar concentration in hydrolysate was high at more than 30g/L, which obtained at the dicarboxylic acid pretreatment. On the structural change of pretreated biomass, the S/G ratio ranged from 1.7 to 2.0, which was lower than that of raw material. The amount of phenolic OH group was significantly increased by acid pretreatment, which ranged 17.5-32.8%, compared to 4.7% of the raw material. The amounts of phenolic OH group in lignin sensitively affected simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The maleic acid pretreated biomass, which included 17.5% of the phenolic OH group, was very effective for attaining high glucose yields and ethanol yield, after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. At the same time, the highest ethanol yield was 0.48.

마찰교반용접된 각종 알루미늄 합금의 미세조직과 인장 특성

임성곤,김상식,이창길,김성준 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.11

Tensile behavior of friction stir welded Al 6061-T651, Al 7075-T6 and Al 5083-H32 alloy plates joined with different tool rotating and welding speeds was examined in the present study. Typical microstructure of friction stir welded Al alloy consists of three zones, including dynamically recrystallized zone (DXZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone. The tensile strength decreased by approximately 15 to 20% for age-hardened Al 6061 and Al 7075 accompanied with a slight increase in tensile elongation. Al 5083-H32 showed an approximately 20% increase in tensile elongation with no notable change in tensile strength. The tensile behavior of friction stir welded Al appeared to be strongly related to not only the frictional heat and microstructural evolution but also the amount of plastic flow and clustering of coarse precipitates.