Future of Diesel Passenger Cars

Oliver Fein 한국연소학회 2019 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Gender in Young Children's Stories

Greta G . Fein,Lynn Dietrich Darling 한국유아교육학회 1996 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.1 No.1

The notion that the communication styles of men and women differ is currently a popular topic of discussion. Tannen (1990) even claims that it is reasonable to assume that boys and girls grow up in what are essentially different cultures. If so, talk between men and women can be viewed as cross-cultural communication. Tannen documents gender differences in both the communicative content and the communicative behavior of second grade American children who are already enculturated into their respective gender`s communication styles. When instructed to discuss $quot;something important,$quot; two boys fidget constantly in their chairs, avoid direct eye contact with each other, and converse in one-sentence exchanges about what they would like to play. In contrast, two girls sit close together, maintain constant eye contact, and converse in large blocks of speech about traumatic events in the lives of family members (Tannen, 1990). These children clearly have different notions about how to talk to each other and what is important enough to talk about. Gender differences are marked by ways of talking infused with different views of what is worth saying. Of special interest are differences in how boys and girls represent the contents of social life. Little is known about the beginnings of gender differences in children`s social representations. We assume here that children s pretend play and stories reflect the different ways boys and girls represent the world, especially differences in how they imagine physical and human relationships, in what they desire and in what they fear. In this article, we explore early gender differences in the fictional narratives of American preschoolers. The themes, settings, characterizations, actions, and emotional content in the stories of 16 four year-old children are examined in order to identify early gender disparities in children`s world views as revealed in their story representations.

Remifentanil Use in Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery-An Effective Alternative to Morphine (A Retrospective Study)

Ibrahim Abu-Kishk,Roei Hod-Feins,Yoram Anekstein,Yigal Mirovsky,Josi Barr,Eli Lahat,Gideon Eshel 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.5

Purpose: The unique properties of remifentanil make it ideal for pediatric use despite a lack of wide randomized clinical trials and fear of adverse events due to its high potency. We aimed to consolidate preliminary conclusions regarding the efficacy of remifentanil use in pediatric scoliosis surgery. Materials and Methods: The medical charts of children with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent primary spinal fusion between 1998 and 2007 at a large tertiary university-affiliated hospital were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups according to anesthetic regime (remifentanil vs. morphine). Demographic, surgery-related details and immediate postoperative course were recorded and compared. Results: All 36 remifentanil children were extubated shortly after termination of surgery, compared to 2 of the 84 patients in the morphine group. The remaining patients in the morphine group were extubated hours after surgery [5.4 hours; standard deviation (SD) 1.7 hours]. Six remifentanil children were spared routine intensive care hospitalization (vs. 2 morphine children-significant difference). Shorter surgeries [5.6 hours (SD 1.82 hours) vs. 7.14 hours (SD 2.15 hours); p=0.0004] were logged for the remifentanil group. To achieve controlled hypotension during surgery, vasodilator agents were used in the morphine group only. A comparison of early postoperative major or minor complication rates (including neurological and pulmonary complications) between the two groups yielded no significant differences. Conclusion:Remifentanil use can shorten operating time and facilitate earlier spontaneous ventilation and extubation, with less of a need for intensive care hospitalization and no increase in significant complications.

정신분열병화자에서 자극 관문(Sensory Gating)겹필 : 증상과 Catecholamine 대사물들과의 관계 Relation to Catecholamine Metabolites

Kang, Dae-Yeob,Poole, John,McCallin, Keith,Fein, George,Vinogradov, Sophia 용인정신의학연구소 1997 용인정신의학보 Vol.4 No.2

Ixabepilone Plus Capecitabine for Metastatic Breast Cancer Progressing After Anthracycline and Taxane Treatment

Thomas, Eva S.,Gomez, Henry L.,Li, Rubi K.,Chung, Hyun-Cheol,Fein, Luis E.,Chan, Valorie F.,Jassem, Jacek,Pivot, Xavier B.,Klimovsky, Judith V.,de Mendoza, Fernando Hurtado,Xu, Binghe,Campone, Mario,L Grune & Stratton 2007 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.25 No.33

<B>Purpose</B><P>Effective treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes are limited. Ixabepilone has single-agent activity in these patients and has demonstrated synergy with capecitabine in this setting. This study was designed to compare ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in anthracycline-pretreated or -resistant and taxane-resistant locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.</P><B>Patients and Methods</B><P>Seven hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned to ixabepilone 40 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle plus capecitabine 2,000 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>orally on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle, or capecitabine alone 2,500 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on the same schedule, in this international phase III study. The primary end point was progression-free survival evaluated by blinded independent review.</P><B>Results</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine prolonged progression-free survival relative to capecitabine (median, 5.8 v 4.2 months), with a 25% reduction in the estimated risk of disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88; P = .0003). Objective response rate was also increased (35% v 14%; P < .0001). Grade 3/4 treatment-related sensory neuropathy (21% v 0%), fatigue (9% v 3%), and neutropenia (68% v 11%) were more frequent with combination therapy, as was the rate of death as a result of toxicity (3% v 1%, with patients with liver dysfunction [≥ grade 2 liver function tests] at greater risk). Capecitabine-related toxicities were similar for both treatment groups.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine demonstrates superior efficacy to capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated or resistant to anthracyclines and resistant to taxanes.</P>

Bioreduction of Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate: Mechanisms and U(IV) Products

Rui, Xue,Kwon, Man Jae,O’Loughlin, Edward J.,Dunham-Cheatham, Sarrah,Fein, Jeremy B.,Bunker, Bruce,Kemner, Kenneth M.,Boyanov, Maxim I. American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.11

<P>The mobility of uranium (U) in subsurface environments is controlled by interrelated adsorption, redox, and precipitation reactions. Previous work demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized hydrogen uranyl phosphate (abbreviated as HUP) crystals on the cell walls of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>, a non-U<SUP>VI</SUP>-reducing, Gram-positive bacterium. The current study examined the reduction of this biogenic, cell-associated HUP mineral by three dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, <I>Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans</I> strain K, <I>Geobacter sulfurreducens</I> strain PCA, and <I>Shewanella putrefaciens</I> strain CN-32, and compared it to the bioreduction of abiotically formed and freely suspended HUP of larger particle size. Uranium speciation in the solid phase was followed over a 10- to 20-day reaction period by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and showed varying extents of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction to U<SUP>IV</SUP>. The reduction extent of the same mass of HUP to U<SUP>IV</SUP> was consistently greater with the biogenic than with the abiotic material under the same experimental conditions. A greater extent of HUP reduction was observed in the presence of bicarbonate in solution, whereas a decreased extent of HUP reduction was observed with the addition of dissolved phosphate. These results indicate that the extent of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction is controlled by dissolution of the HUP phase, suggesting that the metal-reducing bacteria transfer electrons to the dissolved or bacterially adsorbed U<SUP>VI</SUP> species formed after HUP dissolution, rather than to solid-phase U<SUP>VI</SUP> in the HUP mineral. Interestingly, the bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms were not immediately coordinated to other U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms (as in uraninite, UO<SUB>2</SUB>) but were similar in structure to the phosphate-complexed U<SUP>IV</SUP> species found in ningyoite [CaU(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O]. This indicates a strong control by phosphate on the speciation of bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP>, expressed as inhibition of the typical formation of uraninite under phosphate-free conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-11/es305258p/production/images/medium/es-2012-05258p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es305258p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>