A multiscale study on the effects of dynamic capillary pressure in two-phase flow in porous media

Jassem Abbasi,Mojtaba Ghaedi,Masoud Riazi 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.12

Capillary pressure is usually considered as a function of the rock and fluid properties, and saturation. However, recent studies have shown that capillary forces also are a function of the rate of change of saturation. Moreover, although it was observed that dynamic forces are highly scale dependent, the role of these effects in large-scale flow practices is still unclear. In this study, using an innovative numerical simulation approach, the impact of the mentioned parameters was studied in a highly heterogeneous oil reservoir that is under waterflooding process. It is observed that the role of dynamic capillary pressure, using routinely measured dynamic capillary coefficient values, is not important in large-scale problems. However, it would be important in the higher capillary coefficient values that are several orders of magnitude larger than the values reported in previous experimental studies. Furthermore, the role of rock heterogeneity is discussed and it is shown that neglecting the dynamic capillary effects in heterogeneous media may lead to misleading results in the prediction of the injection front behavior in the reservoir. The dynamic capillary effects, by lowering the imbibition capillary pressure in the front, leads to more frontal movement of the injection fluid. Also, it is shown that the dynamic effects are more sensible at points close to the injection wells in homogenous reservoirs, but, in the heterogenous models it is more dependent on rock properties than the distance from the injection wells.

The Impact of Perceived Transparency, Trust and Skepticism towards Banks on the Adoption of IFRS 9 in Malaysia

Suaad JASSEM,Mohammad Rezaur RAZZAK,Karima SAYARI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.9

The global financial crisis in 2008 eroded trust towards the banking industry overall. To make such institutions more transparent, the International Accounting Standard Board developed the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9). After the announcement of IFRS 9, academic research has primarily focused on examining the stability of banks due to early loan-loss recognition guidelines under the new system. There appears to be a lack of understanding of how IFRS 9 has influenced institutional depositors’ opinions of bank trustworthiness. Hence the goal of this study is to determine how the adoption of IFRS 9 by banks has impacted perceptions of transparency, trust, and skepticism, from the perspective of large institutional depositors. This research was conducted in the context of Malaysian banks that follow the IFRS 9 guidelines. A framework is proposed using the signaling theory, leading to the development of a set of hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested with data collected from 654 financial analysts working in Malaysian companies that are large institutional depositors. The results indicate that the adoption of IFRS 9 has led to higher levels of perceptions of bank transparency and trust, and lower levels of skepticism towards such banks.

Efficiency and accuracy of artificial intelligence in the radiographic detection of periodontal bone loss: A systematic review

Tariq Asmhan,Nakhi Fatmah Bin,Salah Fatema,Eltayeb Gabass,Abdulla Ghada Jassem,Najim Noor,Khedr Salma Ahmed,Elkerdasy Sara,Al-Rawi Natheer,Al Kawas Sausan,Mohammed Marwan,Shetty Shishir Ram 대한영상치의학회 2023 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to play a major role in medical diagnostics. Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is essential for effective treatment and a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing periodontal bone loss through radiographic analysis. Materials and Methods: A literature search involving 5 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Health and Medical Collection, Dentistry and Oral Sciences) was carried out. A specific combination of keywords was used to obtain the articles. The PRISMA guidelines were used to filter eligible articles. The study design, sample size, type of AI software, and the results of each eligible study were analyzed. The CASP diagnostic study checklist was used to evaluate the evidence strength score. Results: Seven articles were eligible for review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Out of the 7 eligible studies, 4 had strong CASP evidence strength scores (7-8/9). The remaining studies had intermediate CASP evidence strength scores (3.5-6.5/9). The highest area under the curve among the reported studies was 94%, the highest F1 score was 91%, and the highest specificity and sensitivity were 98.1% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion: AI-based detection of periodontal bone loss using radiographs is an efficient method. However, more clinical studies need to be conducted before this method is introduced into routine dental practice.

Ixabepilone Plus Capecitabine for Metastatic Breast Cancer Progressing After Anthracycline and Taxane Treatment

Thomas, Eva S.,Gomez, Henry L.,Li, Rubi K.,Chung, Hyun-Cheol,Fein, Luis E.,Chan, Valorie F.,Jassem, Jacek,Pivot, Xavier B.,Klimovsky, Judith V.,de Mendoza, Fernando Hurtado,Xu, Binghe,Campone, Mario,L Grune & Stratton 2007 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.25 No.33

<B>Purpose</B><P>Effective treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes are limited. Ixabepilone has single-agent activity in these patients and has demonstrated synergy with capecitabine in this setting. This study was designed to compare ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in anthracycline-pretreated or -resistant and taxane-resistant locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.</P><B>Patients and Methods</B><P>Seven hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned to ixabepilone 40 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle plus capecitabine 2,000 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>orally on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle, or capecitabine alone 2,500 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on the same schedule, in this international phase III study. The primary end point was progression-free survival evaluated by blinded independent review.</P><B>Results</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine prolonged progression-free survival relative to capecitabine (median, 5.8 v 4.2 months), with a 25% reduction in the estimated risk of disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88; P = .0003). Objective response rate was also increased (35% v 14%; P < .0001). Grade 3/4 treatment-related sensory neuropathy (21% v 0%), fatigue (9% v 3%), and neutropenia (68% v 11%) were more frequent with combination therapy, as was the rate of death as a result of toxicity (3% v 1%, with patients with liver dysfunction [≥ grade 2 liver function tests] at greater risk). Capecitabine-related toxicities were similar for both treatment groups.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine demonstrates superior efficacy to capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated or resistant to anthracyclines and resistant to taxanes.</P>

Lenvatinib versus sorafenib in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial

Kudo, Masatoshi,Finn, Richard S,Qin, Shukui,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Ikeda, Kenji,Piscaglia, Fabio,Baron, Ari,Park, Joong-Won,Han, Guohong,Jassem, Jacek,Blanc, Jean Frederic,Vogel, Arndt,Komov, Dmitry,Evans, T Elsevier 2018 The Lancet Vol.391 No.10126

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>In a phase 2 trial, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1–3, FGF receptors 1–4, PDGF receptor α, RET, and KIT, showed activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to compare overall survival in patients treated with lenvatinib versus sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This was an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, non-inferiority trial that recruited patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, who had not received treatment for advanced disease, at 154 sites in 20 countries throughout the Asia-Pacific, European, and North American regions. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive voice–web response system—with region; macroscopic portal vein invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; and bodyweight as stratification factors—to receive oral lenvatinib (12 mg/day for bodyweight ≥60 kg or 8 mg/day for bodyweight <60 kg) or sorafenib 400 mg twice-daily in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival, measured from the date of randomisation until the date of death from any cause. The efficacy analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle, and only patients who received treatment were included in the safety analysis. The non-inferiority margin was set at 1·08. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01761266.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between March 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015, 1492 patients were recruited. 954 eligible patients were randomly assigned to lenvatinib (n=478) or sorafenib (n=476). Median survival time for lenvatinib of 13·6 months (95% CI 12·1–14·9) was non-inferior to sorafenib (12·3 months, 10·4–13·9; hazard ratio 0·92, 95% CI 0·79–1·06), meeting criteria for non-inferiority. The most common any-grade adverse events were hypertension (201 [42%]), diarrhoea (184 [39%]), decreased appetite (162 [34%]), and decreased weight (147 [31%]) for lenvatinib, and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia (249 [52%]), diarrhoea (220 [46%]), hypertension (144 [30%]), and decreased appetite (127 [27%]) for sorafenib.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>Lenvatinib was non-inferior to sorafenib in overall survival in untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The safety and tolerability profiles of lenvatinib were consistent with those previously observed.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Eisai Inc.</P>

A comparison between DASL and Affymetrix on probing the whole-transcriptome

정재식,Robert Audet,Jenny Chang,Helen Wong,Scooter Willis,Brandon Young,Susan Edgerton,Ann Thor,George Sledge,Renata Duchnowska,Jacek Jassem,Krzysztof Adamowicz,Brian Leyland-Jones,Changyu Shen 한국통계학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.45 No.1

Whole-transcriptome microarray analysis has become a popular strategy to study geneexpression in cancer, exploiting the largely available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample resources. However, there have been relatively few comparative studies evaluating the performance of the different gene-expression array platforms. We compared two commonly used whole-transcriptome microarray platforms: Illumina human whole genome cDNA-mediated annealing, selection extension and ligation (DASL) beadchip and Affymetrix U133 Plus2 GeneChip (Affymetrix). Gene expression data based on both platforms were collected on the same total RNA extracted from FFPE tissue samples of 221 advanced breast cancer patients. Correlations between two platforms were assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients (CCs). For both platforms we also assessed coefficient of variation, which measures relative dispersion. Finally, we compared the applicability of DASL and Affymetrix for classification of breast cancer molecular subtypes using the PAM50 classifiers. Overall, there was a statistically significant, positive gene- and patient-wise correlation between the two platforms, with stronger relationship for patient-wise CC. The relative dispersion was smaller in DASL compared to Affymetrix. The consistency in subtype classification for both microarray platforms was weak (63%). We observed weak, yet positive correlation between two platforms and different magnitudes of correlations were observed according to the metrics used.