A 4-week Repeated dose Oral Toxicity Study of Mecasin in Sprague-Dawley Rats to Determine the Appropriate Doses for a 13-week, Repeated Toxicity Test

Cha, Eunhye,Lee, Jongchul,Lee, Seongjin,Park, Manyong,Song, Inja,Son, Ilhong,Song, Bong-Keun,Kim, Dongwoung,Lee, Jongdeok,Kim, Sungchul KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.4

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity of gami-jakyak gamcho buja decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: In order to investigate the 4-week oral toxicity of Mecasin, we administered Mecasin orally to rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of Mecasin of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution of 10 mL/kg was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weight, clinical signs, and gross findings for four weeks. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weights or food consumption between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. Serum biochemistry revealed that some groups showed significant decrease in inorganic phosphorus (IP) (P < 0.05). During necropsy on the rats, one abnormal macroscopic feature, a slight loss of fur, was observed in the mid dosage (1,000 mg/kg) male group. No abnormalities were observed in any other rats. In histopathological findings, the tubular basophilia and cast of the kidney and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen were found. However, those changes were minimal and had occurred naturally or sporadically. No other organ abnormalities were observed. Conclusion: During this 4-week, repeated, oral toxicity test of Mecasin in SD rats, no toxicity changes due to Mecasin were observed in any of the male or the female rats in the high dosage group. Thus, we suggest that the doses in a 13-week, repeated test should be 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg respectively.

Single-dose Toxicity of ShinYangHur Herbal Acupuncture

Cha, Eunhye,Lee, Jongcheol,Lee, Seongjin,Park, Manyong,Kim, Sungchul KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single-dose toxicity of ShinYangHur (SYH) herbal acupuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The SYH herbal acupuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (KPI, Korea-Good Manufacturing Practice, K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. Then, NaCl was added to make a 0.9% isotonic solution by using sterilized equipment. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). SD rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SYH herbal acupuncture, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy was used to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above outcomes suggest that treatment with SYH herbal acupuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

A Study on Single Dose Toxicity of Mecasin Pharmacopuncture Injection in Muscle

Eunhye Cha,Hohyun Jeong,Jongchul Lee,Seongjin Lee,Manyong Park,Sungchul Kim 대한한의학회 2015 대한한의학회지 Vol.36 No.2

A Study on Single Dose Toxicity of Mecasin Pharmacopuncture Injection in Muscle

Cha, Eunhye,Jeong, Hohyun,Lee, Jongchul,Lee, Seongjin,Park, Manyong,Kim, Sungchul The Society of Korean Medicine 2015 대한한의학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of Mecasin(Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction) pharmacopuncture in muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at the Medvill, an institution acknowledged to conduct non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen in this pilot study. The reason Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen is that they have been widely used in safety test in the field of medicine, so the results can be easily compared with many other databases. Doses of Mecasin pharmacopuncture, 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000mg/kg, were registered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 ml/kg, was registered to the control group. Mecasin pharmacopuncture and normal saline were injected into the thigh of the rats by disposable syringes at intervals of six hours twice a day. This study was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethic Committee. Results: There is no death or abnormality in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To inspect abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above outcomes suggest that treatment with Mecasin pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further evaluations and studies on this subject are needed to prove more concrete evidence.

Taxonomic Variations of Bacterial and Fungal Communities depending on Fermentation Temperature in Traditional Korean Fermented Soybean Food, Doenjang

( Eunhye Jo ),( Hyeyoung Lee ),( Younshil Song ),( Jaeho Cha ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.4

Meju, a fermented soybean brick, is a key component in soybean foods like doenjang and ganjang, harboring a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms significantly contribute to the nutritional and sensory characteristics of doenjang and ganjang. Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing was applied to investigate how the microbial communities of meju fermented at low and high temperatures differ and how this variation affects the microbial communities of doenjang, a subsequently fermented soybean food. Our metagenomic data showed distinct patterns depending on the fermentation temperature. The microbial abundance in the bacterial community was increased under both temperatures during the fermentation of meju and doenjang. Weissella was the most abundant genus before the fermentation of meju, however, it was replaced by Bacillus at high temperature-fermented meju and lactic acid bacteria such as Weissella and Latilactobacillus at low temperature-fermented meju. Leuconostoc, Logiolactobacillus, and Tetragenococcus gradually took over the dominant role during the fermentation process of doenjang, replacing the previous dominant microorganisms. Mucor was dominant in the fungal community before and after meju fermentation, whereas Debaryomyces was dominant under both temperatures during doenjang fermentation. The dominant fungal genus of doenjang was not affected regardless of the fermentation temperature of meju. Strong correlations were shown for specific bacteria and fungi linked to specific fermentation temperatures. This study helps our understanding of meju fermentation process at different fermentation temperatures and highlights different bacteria and fungi associated with specific fermentation periods which may influence the nutritional and organoleptic properties of the final fermented soybean foods doenjang.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable GDSL-Type Lipase from Geobacillus thermocatenulatus

( Eunhye Jo ),( Jihye Kim ),( Areum Lee ),( Keumok Moon ),( Jaeho Cha ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.3

Two putative genes, lip29 and est29, encoding lipolytic enzymes from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermocatenulatus KCTC 3921 were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Lip29 and Est29 were purified 67.3-fold to homogeneity with specific activity of 2.27 U/mg and recovery of 5.8% and 14.4-fold with specific activity of 0.92 U/mg and recovery of 1.3%, respectively. The molecular mass of each purified enzyme was estimated to be 29 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The alignment analysis of amino acid sequences revealed that both enzymes belonged to GDSL lipase/esterase family including conserved blocks with SGNH catalytic residues which was mainly identified in plants before. While Est29 showed high specificity toward short-chain fatty acids (C4-C8), Lip29 showed strong lipolytic activity to long-chain fatty acids (C12-C16). The optimal activity of Lip29 toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate was observed at 50oC and pH 9.5, respectively, and its activity was maintained more than 24 h at optimal temperatures, indicating that Lip29 was thermostable. Lip29 exhibited high tolerance against detergents and metal ions. The homology modeling and substrate docking revealed that the long-chain substrates showed the greatest binding affinity toward enzyme. Based on the biochemical and in silico analyses, we present for the first time a GDSL-type lipase in the thermophilic bacteria group.

미국 유아교육과 보육 종사인력의 자격과 학력에 관한 연구

차기주(Cha Kijoo),박은혜(Park Eunhye) 한국교원교육학회 2019 한국교원교육연구 Vol.36 No.1

우리나라는 유아교육과 보육의 이원화로 인해 유치원과 어린이집 교사의 자격 및 학력 수준과 양성체계가 상이한데, 이러한 차이는 교원 전문성 격차로 이어져 영유아기부터 발달 및 학습의 출발선 평등을 저해하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라와 유사하게 유아교육과 보육이 이원화되어 있는 미국의 영유아 교원의 자격과 학력체계 및 현황을 살펴보고, 전문성 신장을 위해 미국 내에서 시행된 정책사례 및 방향성을 검토함으로써 국내 유치원과 어린이집 교사의 전문성 강화를 위한 시사점을 도출하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 관련문헌의 검토 결과, 미국은 영유아 교육보육 프로그램이 매우 다양하고 각 주와 기관마다 임용을 위한 자격과 학력 기준이 상이하였으며, 전반적으로 사립보다는 공립 프로그램이 주교사에게 요구하는 자격/학력 기준이 높은 경향이 있었다. 주정부 공인 영유아기 교사자격증은 학교급이 아닌 연령범위에 따라 발급되고 있었고 공인 및 민간 자격증 모두 3~5년을 주기로 갱신토록 하고 있었는데 갱신조건에 현직교육 참여가 포함되어 있었다. 본 연구에서 검토한 미국의 사례들은 우리나라 유치원과 어린이집 교사들의 전문성 제고를 위해 학력기준을 상향조정하게 된다면 2-4년제 대학 간 연계를 통해 편입학 과정을 용이하게 하고, 2년제 대학에서 일반학사 과정 개설을 확대하며, 편입 시 사전학습학점 제도를 통해 이수학점의 일부를 면제하고, 상위학위 취득 시 인센티브를 제공하는 방안 등을 고려해볼 수 있음을 시사하였다. In Korea, due to the split systems between early childhood(EC) “education” and “care,” the required educational attainments and qualifications have differed between teachers of preschools and child care centers. These gaps likely leads to differences in process quality in classrooms, which suggests educational inequality from the early years of life. To address this problem, this study aimed to investigate the qualifications and educational attainments of EC workforce in the United States, which has also split EC systems both at the federal and state levels, and its recent efforts to reform relevant systems to strengthen expertise among the workforce. While EC teachers’ qualifications and levels of education have varied depending on the settings, sources of funding, and regions even within the same states in the U.S., the federal and state governments have taken initiatives to enhance the quality of the workforce by setting higher standards (e.g., bachelor’s degree) first for public programs, such as public pre-K and Head Start, and by requiring in-service teachers to participate in professional development in order to renew their credentials every three to five years. Other efforts that state governments have made to improve the EC workforce’s educational attainments are as follows: a) aligning and coordinating curricula between two- and four-year institutions; b) expanding a bachelor’s degree program in two-year colleges; c) implementing the Credits for Prior Learning system; and d) providing financial incentives and scholarships. The implications of the U.S. case were discussed in terms of the professionalism of EC teachers in Korea.

우편물류 종추적 정보 신뢰성 향상을 위한 프로세스 개선방안 연구

김은혜(Eunhye Kim),차병철(Byung-Chul Cha) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2011 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Visibility of the flow of goods is an important service element when considering how to improve the quality of a logistics service. Registered mail service of Korea Post, one of logistics service providers, currently supply information on the handling of postal items, such as receipts and delivery and arrival times to customers. However, internally problems related to excessive spending on operating expenses and less reliable tracking and tracing information exist due to errors in the information acquisition and link handling processes, leading to unnecessarily duplicated tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose process optimization method for improving the quality of tracking and tracing information for registered mail items. We analyzed the process and information control system of the current registered mail service and identified the basic causes of the existence of less reliable tracking and tracing information. And we present optimized mail handling and information management process for removing internal problems. Test results using tracking and tracing information examples show a significant performance of the proposed method.

Study on the Single Dose Toxicity of ShinEumHur Pharmacopuncture Injected into the Muscles of Rats

Jeong, Hohyun,Cha, Eunhye,Lee, Jongcheol,Lee, Seongjin,Park, Manyong,Kim, Dongwoung,Song, Bongkeun,Lee, Jongdeok,Kim, Sungchul KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.4

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of ShinEumHur (SEH) pharmacopuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The SEH pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water had been completed, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SEH pharmacopuncture, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weights, clinical signs, mean hematology parameters, mean clinical chemistry, necropsy and histopathological findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with SEH pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

Chewing performance in orthodontic patients treated with extraction of premolars

Insan Jang,Eunhye Jang,Dong-Soon Choi,Bong-Kuen Cha 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2019 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.43 No.3

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the kinematic parameters of the chewing cycles in patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment with extraction of premolars and to compare these parameters with those of a non-extraction group. The samples for this retrospective study consisted of kinesiographic recordings obtained from patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment without orthognathic surgery. They were divided into a non-extraction group (n=19) and an extraction group (n=40) depending on whether their premolars were extracted for orthodontic treatment. Mandibular kinesiography was recorded using Bio-EGN before (T1) and after (T2) the treatment, and chewing cycle time, velocity, the position of turning point, and the lateral width of the cycle were measured. No significant difference was found in most of the kinematic parameters between the extraction and non-extraction groups at T1 and in those between T1 and T2 in the non-extraction group. In the extraction group, on the other hand, opening and closing velocities significantly decreased and the turning point of the chewing cycle was significantly more superior at T2 than at T1. The chewing cycle time did not significantly differ between T1 and T2 in the extraction group. Patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction have chewing cycles that are shorter and slower than those before the treatment, and their chewing movement may differ from that of those who have not undergone extraction.