Formulation of Double-layer Tadalafil and Amlodipine Complex Tablets to Treat Erectile Dysfunction and Hypertension

Eun Yeong Shin(신은영),Jong Ho Park(박종호),Myeong Eun Shin(신명은),Jeong Eun Song(송정은),Gilson Khang(강길선) 한국고분자학회 2019 폴리머 Vol.43 No.2

40세 이상의 많은 남성들은 여러 가지 이유로 발기부전(erectile dysfunction, ED)의 고통을 가지고 있다. 또한 ED 환자의 40% 이상이 고혈압 질환을 동시에 가진다. 타다라필(tadalafil, TD)은 선택적이고, 가역적인 cGMP- 특이적 PDE-5억제제이다. 이는 생물 약제 분류 시스템 클래스-II의 불용성 약물로, 가용화제로 습식 과립제로 제조되었다. 암로디핀 베실레이트(amlodipine besylate, AM)는 수축기 고혈압 및 뇌졸중 예방에 효과적인 칼슘 채널 길항제이며, 물리적 혼합 방법을 사용하여 제조하였다. TD와 AM을 2중층 복합정제로 제작하여 사용하였고, 이는 동시에 두 가지 질병을 예방하거나 치료가능하다. 주사 전자 현미경(SEM), 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR), 시차 주사열량계(DSC), X선 회절(XRD)은 화학적 및 물리적 특성평가를 위해 실시하였다. 또한 생체외 용출 테스트는 pH=1.2에서 정제의 용출률을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 결론적으로, 이중층 정제에서 두 가지 약물의 빠른 방출을 확인하였고, 따라서 이는 약학적 치료제로서 적용될 수 있다. Many men over the age of 40 suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) for a variety of reasons. In addition, more than 40% of ED patients have hypertensive disease at the same time. Tadalafil (TD) is a selective and reversible inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (cGMP-specific PDE-5). It is an insoluble drug with biopharmaceutics classification system class-II and was prepared by wet granulation with a solubilizing agent. Amlodipine besylate (AM) is a calcium channel antagonist that is effective in preventing systolic hypertension and stroke, and is manufactured using physical mix method. We used TD and AM to fabricate a double-layer complex tablet that can prevent or treat two diseases at the same time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were analyzed for confirming chemical and physical characterization. Also, in vitro dissolution test was conducted to evaluate the dissolution rate of tablet at pH=1.2. In conclusion, the rapid release of two drugs in the double layer tablet was confirmed and could be applied as a pharmaceutical therapeutic agent.

6~8세 아동의 일상생활 말소리에 대한 음소 출현빈도 분석

신은영(Eun-Yeong Shin),신수경(Su-Kyung Shin),조수진(Soo-Jin Cho) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 아동의 일상생활 말소리에 대한 음소의 출현빈도를 다각적으로 분석하여 아동용 말지각 검사 개발 및 난청 아동의 재활을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 6~8세 아동 12명을 대상으로 자연스러운 놀이상황 및 수업상 황에서 녹음한 자발화 자료와 동일한 연령대 아동들의 시청률이 높은 만화와 유튜브 조회수가 많은 영상 자료를 2017년 6월부터 12월까지 수집한 후, 소리 나는 대로 말소리를 전사하여 음소를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 전체 음소의 수는 124,284개로 자음이 51.36%, 모음이 48.64%로 자음의 비율이 더 높았다. 둘째, 전체 자음의 수는 63,835개였으며 가장 높은 빈도를 보인 음소는 /ㄴ/이었고, 출현빈도가 높은 상위 5개 음소의 출현빈도 합이 60.16%였다. 셋째, 전체 모음의 수는 60,449개로 그 중 /ㅏ /(21.65%) 음소가 가장 많았고, 단모음 7개의 출현빈도 합이 이중모음보다 약 7.4배 높게 나타났다. 위와 같은 연구 결과는 아동용 말지각 검사 개발 및 난청 아동의 재활을 위한 실질적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the appearance frequency of phonemes in daily life speech sounds of children aged 6 to 8 years and use it as basic data for children s speech perception test and rehabilitation of children with hearing loss. For this study, phoneme analysis was performed by collecting video material with high viewer rating of comic and YouTube views and 6-8 year old children s spontaneous utterances recorded in natural play situation and class situation from June to December, 2017 and phonemes were analyzed by phoneme transcription as they sounded. In the results of this study, first, the total number of phonemes analyzed was 124,284, with 51.36% of consonants and 48.64% of vowels, showing that the proportion of consonants was higher than vowels. Second, the total number of consonants was 63,835 the phoneme with the highest frequency was /ㄴ/, and the appearance frequency sum of the top five phonemes with high appearance frequency was 60.16%. Third, the total number of vowels was 60,449, of which /ㅏ/ was the largest with 21.65%. The sum of appearance frequencies of seven short vowels was 88.06%, which was about 7.4 times higher than that of the diphthong vowels. It is thought that the results of this study can provide practical information for the development of speech perception test for children and rehabilitation of children with hearing loss.

자음지각검사 (KCPT)의 개발

김진숙,신은영,신현욱,이기도,Kim, Jin-Sook,Shin, Eun-Yeong,Shin, Hyun-Wook,Lee, Ki-Do 한국음향학회 2011 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 말지각평가의 기초 자료가 되고 청각장애 자음지각능력의 정량적 정성적 평가가 가능한 음소단위의 한국어자음지각검사 (Korean Consonant Perception Test, 이하 KCPT)도구를 개발하는 것이다. KCPT는 조합 가능한 모든 한국어 단음절어 중 유의미 단음절어만 분류하여, 7종성발음규칙을 적용하고 목표단어의 친숙도를 조절한 사지선다형 초 종성검사문항 시안을 작성한 후, 각 단어들의 조음 특성, 난이도, 음소 출현빈도수를 고려하여 완성되었다. 이를 정상인 20명을 대상으로 평가하여 난이도가 높은 문항을 제거하고 화자 간 변수가 없는 것을 통계적으로 확인한 후 회화체 빈도수에 맞도록 최종문항을 작성하였다. 세부적 수정을 거쳐 초 종성검사문항 각 200개와 100개로 구성된 총 300개 문항을 개발하였다. 30명의 청각장애인을 대상으로 검증하여 A와 B로 구분한 절반목록간 차이도 없음을 확인하고 초성검사문항은 초성자음지각평가에 종성 검사문항은 종성자음 지각평가에 적절한 도구임을 검증하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop Korean Consonant Perception Test (KCPT), that is a phonemic level including elementary data to evaluate speech and consonant perception ability of the normal and the hearing impaired qualitatively and quantitatively. KCPT was completed with meaningful monosyllabic words out of possible all Korean monosyllabic words, considering articulation characteristics, the degree of difficulty, and the frequency of the phonemic appearance, after assembling a tentative initial and final consonants testing items using four multiple-choice method which were applied to the seven final consonant regulation and controlled with the familiarity of the target words. Conclusively, the final three hundred items were developed including two- and one-hundred items for initial and final testing items, respectively, with the evaluation of the 20 normal hearing adults. Through this process, the final KCPT was composed upon the colloquial frequency following identification of no speakers' variances statistically and elimination of the highly difficult items. The 30 hearing impaired were tested with KCPT and found that the half lists, A and B, were not different statistically and the initial and final testing items were appropriate for evaluating initial and final consonants, respectively.

兒童 個人的 變因 및 家庭環境的 變因과 兒童의 場獨立性

김경연,신은영 부산대학교 가정대학 1990 家政大學硏究報告 Vol.16 No.-

The relations between Children's Field-Independency and personal factors as age and sex, environmental factors as socioeconomic status and mother's parenting attitude were investigated in the present study. We also examined the relative effects of these independent variables on children's Field-independency. The subjects were 267 First, Third and sixth graders of elementary school and their mother (N=267) who are resident in Pusan. Children's Field-Independency was assessed with CEFT (Children's Embedded Figures Test) in individually held interview. Lee Won Yong' MBRI (Maternal Behavior Research Instrument) was employed for measure Mother's Parenting Attitudes. Results showed that all personal and environmental factors employed in this study related to children's Field-Independency. It seemed that Children's Field-Independency enhanced as they grow older. Children's sex had a partial relationship with Children's Field-Independency. Boys showed higher Field-Independency than girls only in 6th graders(t=2.24, p<.05). There was clear relationship between socioecomonic status and children's Field-Independency(r=.411, p<.001). It showed that Mothers affectionate attitude and non-controlling attitude can increase Children's Field-Independency in 3rd(r=.340, p<.001, r=-.201, p<.05) and 6th (r=.238, p<.05, r=-.235, p<.05) graders but not in 1st graders. The order of relative power of 4 independent variables is grade, socioeconomic status, sex and mother's affectionate attitude.