APPLICATION OF A THERMODYNAMIC MODEL WITH A COMPLEX CHEMISTRY TO A CYCLE RESOLVED KNOCK PREDICTION ON A SPARK IGNITION OPTICAL ENGINE

G. D’ERRICO,T. LUCCHINI,S. MEROLA,C. TORNATORE 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.3

A combination of experimental and numerical methodologies is proposed for the investigation of knocking in spark ignition engines to aid in better understanding the physical and chemical processes that occur and to exploit the capabilities of a developed computational tool. The latter consists of a thermo-fluid dynamics model, which is part of an advanced 1-D fluid dynamics code for the simulation of the entire engine, and a complex chemistry model, which can be embedded into the thermo-fluid dynamics model using the same integration algorithm for the conservation equations and the reacting species. Their mutual interaction in the energy balance will be considered. The experimental activity was carried out in the combustion chamber of an optically accessible, single-cylinder P.F.I. engine equipped with a commercial head. The experimental data consisted of optical measurements correlated to the combustion and auto-ignition processes within the cylinder. The optical measurements were based on 2-D digital imaging, UV visible natural emission spectroscopy and the chemiluminescence of radical species (OH and HCO). The engine parameters, the pressure signals of the related data and optical acquisition are compared on an individual cycle basis in the simulation by running the engine at a constant speed and varying the spark advance from normal combustion to heavy knock conditions.

An investigation on the vibrations of laminated shells under aeroacoustic loads using a WFE approach

Errico, Fabrizio,Franco, F.,Ichchou, M.,De Rosa, S.,Petrone, G. Techno-Press 2019 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.6 No.6

The present work investigates the effect on the flow-induced vibrations of the lay-up sequence of composite laminated axisymmetric structures, using an hybrid approach based on a wave finite element and a transfer matrix method. The structural vibrations, under deterministic distributed pressure loads, diffuse acoustic field and turbulent boundary layer excitations, are analysed and compared. A multi-scale approach is used for the dynamic analysis of finite structures, using an elementary periodic subsystem. Different flow regimes and shell curvatures are analysed and the computational efficiency is also discussed.

A WFE and hybrid FE/WFE technique for the forced response of stiffened cylinders

Errico, Fabrizio,Ichchou, M.,De Rosa, S.,Bareille, O.,Franco, F. Techno-Press 2018 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.5 No.1

The present work shows many aspects concerning the use of a numerical wave-based methodology for the computation of the structural response of periodic structures, focusing on cylinders. Taking into account the periodicity of the system, the Bloch-Floquet theorem can be applied leading to an eigenvalue problem, whose solutions are the waves propagation constants and wavemodes of the periodic structure. Two different approaches are presented, instead, for computing the forced response of stiffened structures. The first one, dealing with a Wave Finite Element (WFE) methodology, proved to drastically reduce the problem size in terms of degrees of freedom, with respect to more mature techniques such as the classic FEM. The other approach presented enables the use of the previous technique even when the whole structure can not be considered as periodic. This is the case when two waveguides are connected through one or more joints and/or different waveguides are connected each other. Any approach presented can deal with deterministic excitations and responses in any point. The results show a good agreement with FEM full models. The drastic reduction of DoF (degrees of freedom) is evident, even more when the number of repetitive substructures is high and the substructures itself is modelled in order to get the lowest number of DoF at the boundaries.

Final Assessment of Preindustrial Solid-State Route for High-Performance Mg-System Alloys Production: Concluding the EU Green Metallurgy Project

D’Errico, F.,Plaza, G. G.,Giger, F.,Kim, S. K. Springer Verlag 2013 JOM Vol.65 No.10

Pressurized liquid extraction of brewer’s spent grain: Kinetics and crude extracts characterization

Giulia Herbst,Fabiane Hamerski,Massimiliano Errico,Marcos L. Corazza 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-

In this study, extraction yield of valuable compounds from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using pressurizedliquid extraction (PLE) was investigated varying temperature, solvent type, and flow rate at a constantpressure. The results were compared with Soxhlet extractions using the total phenolic compounds(TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), reducing sugars (RS), and total reducingsugars (TRS) as indices. The highest PLE extraction yield was 20.1 wt%, at 120 C, 2 mL/min using ethanolto water volume ratio of 0.5, at 10 MPa. The TPC, TFC, and AA content were favored by water and water/ethanol extractions and temperature increase. The highest AA was obtained with water at 120 C and4 mL/min achieving 9944, 4769 and 4096 mmol TE/100 g of BSG extract, respectively. PLE was capableof present high extraction yields maintaining the RS and TRS in the BSG matrix. In addition, BSG wasdefatted with compressed propane before the extraction with PLE, showing that compressed propaneis highly efficient in recovering the lipid fraction from BSG. The results demonstrated a great potentialof water and different EtOH/Water solvent ratio at pressurized conditions for obtaining biocompoundsof BSG in a crude extract with expressive biological activity.

FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE REDESIGN OF A METALLIC CAR HOOD BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Andrea Sellitto,Aniello Riccio,Giustino Magno,Giuseppe D’Errico,Gianluca Monsurrò,Alessandro Cozzolino 한국자동차공학회 2020 International journal of automotive technology Vol.21 No.2

Nowadays, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are topical issues in the automotive field, as environmental safeguard legislation constraints are going to get tougher. Indeed, one of the most efficient methods to contain fuel consumption and emissions is the weight reduction of the vehicle. In this paper, a feasibility study on the lightweight redesign of a metallic car hood by using composite materials is presented. In particular, two different configurations, employing composite laminates and sandwich structures, are investigated. The feasibility of each configuration is assessed in terms of stiffness specifications and pedestrian safety requirement. Hence, Head Injury Criteria are employed, according to regulations. Finally, an optimization procedure on the stacking sequence of the composite laminates is performed, to determine, among the feasible solutions, the one characterized by the minimum weight.

All-cellulose Composites Based on Cotton Textile Woven Preforms

Anita Grozdanov,Igor Jordanov,Gennaro Gentile,Maria E. Errico,Roberto Avollio,Maurizio Avella 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.6

All-cellulose cotton composites were successfully prepared from cotton textile woven pre-forms using a fibersurface dissolution method in lithium chloride dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc). Two different fibersurface pretreatments were used: (i) alkaline scouring with bleaching and (ii) enzymatic scouring with acid and alkalinepectinases followed with bleaching. The mechanical, structural and thermal properties of the all-cellulose cotton basedcomposites were characterized through tensile tests, FTIR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR and TGA/DTA. Using scanning electronmicroscopy, the composite morphology was studied. The composites based on enzymatic scoured and subsequently bleachedwoven pre-forms have shown the best mechanical properties. The main advantages of the obtained all-cellulose compositesare the facts that they are at the same time fully bio based, easily recyclable and biodegradable.

Normal Age-Adjusted Sagittal Spinal Alignment Is Achieved with Surgical Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Subaraman Ramchandran,Norah Foster,Akhila Sure,Thomas J. Errico,Aaron J. Buckland 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Purpose: Our hypothesis is that the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) maintains normal sagittal alignment as compared to age-matched normative adolescent population. Overview of Literature: Sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in AIS has been reported, however, whether corrective spinal fusion surgery re-establishes normal alignment remains unverified. Methods: Sagittal profiles and spino-pelvic parameters of thirty-eight postsurgical correction AIS patients ≤21 years old without prior fusion from a single institution database were compared to previously published normative age-matched data. Coronal and sagittal measurements including structural coronal Cobb angle, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, C2–C7 cervical lordosis, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, and T1 pelvic angles were measured on standing full-body stereoradiographs using validated software to compare preoperative and 6 months postoperative changes with previously published adolescent norms. A sub-group analysis of patients with type 1 Lenke curves was performed comparing preoperative to postoperative alignment and also comparing this with previously published normative values. Results: The mean coronal curve of the 38 AIS patients (mean age, 16±2.2 years; 76.3% female) was corrected from 53.6° to 9.6° (80.9%, p <0.01). None of the thoracic and spino-pelvic sagittal parameters changed significantly after surgery in previously hypo- and normo-kyphotic patients. In hyper-kyphotic patients, thoracic kyphosis decreased (p =0.003) with a reciprocal decrease in lumbar lordosis (p =0.01), thus lowering pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch mismatch (p =0.009). Structural thoracic scoliosis patients had slightly more thoracic kyphosis than age-matched patients at baseline and surgical correction of the coronal plane of their scoliosis preserved normal sagittal alignment postoperatively. A sub-analysis of Lenke curve type 1 patients (n=24) demonstrated no statistically significant changes in the sagittal alignment postoperatively despite adequate coronal correction. Conclusions: Surgical correction of the coronal plane in AIS patients preserves sagittal and spino-pelvic alignment as compared to age-matched asymptomatic adolescents.

Pathological features and outcomes of incidental renal cell carcinoma in candidate solid organ donors

( Francesca Ambrosi ),( Costantino Ricci ),( Deborah Malvi ),( Carlo De Cillia ),( Matteo Ravaioli ),( Michelangelo Fiorentino ),( Massimo Cardillo ),( Francesco Vasuri ),( Antonia D’errico ) 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.4

Background: We report the findings of a single Italian center in the evaluation of renal lesions in deceased donors from 2001 to 2017. In risk evaluation, we applied the current Italian guidelines, which include donors with small (< 4 cm, stage pT1a) renal carcinomas in the category of non-standard donors with a negligible risk of cancer transmission. Methods: From the revision of our registries, 2,406 donors were considered in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy; organs were accepted from 1,321 individuals for a total of 3,406 organs. Results: The evaluation of donor safety required frozen section analysis for 51 donors, in which a renal suspicious lesion was detected by ultrasound. Thirty-two primary renal tumors were finally diagnosed: 26 identified by frozen sections and 6 in discarded kidneys. The 32 tumors included 13 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 6 papillary RCCs, 6 angiomyolipomas, 5 oncocytomas, 1 chromophobe RCC, and 1 papillary adenoma. No cases of tumor transmission were recorded in follow-up of the recipients. Conclusion: Donors with small RCCs can be accepted to increase the donor pool. Collaboration in a multidisciplinary setting is fundamental to accurately evaluate donor candidate risk assessment and to improve standardized protocols for surgeons and pathologists.

Conditional moment closure modelling for HCCI with temperature inhomogeneities

Salehi, F.,Talei, M.,Hawkes, E.R.,Yoo, C.S.,Lucchini, T.,D'Errico, G.,Kook, S. Elsevier 2015 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol.35 No.3

This paper presents an approach for modelling combustion in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) conditions based on the first order conditional moment closure (CMC) method. The model is implemented into the open source C++ computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code known as OpenFOAM. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are used to evaluate the performance of the CFD-CMC solver. In the two-dimensional (2D) DNS cases, ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with thermal inhomogeneities is simulated for nine cases, with two different mean temperatures and several different levels of thermal stratification. Results from the CFD-CMC solver are in excellent agreement with the DNS for cases which exhibit a spontaneous sequential ignition mode of combustion whereas for the cases in which a mixed mode of deflagration and spontaneous ignition exists, the CMC underpredicts the ignition delay. Further investigation using the DNS data demonstrates that this discrepancy is primarily attributed to the first order closure assumption. Conditional fluctuations are found to be more significant in the case with deflagrations. Further analysis of the DNS shows that scalar dissipation fluctuations are the cause of conditional fluctuations.