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Eriksen, Renee L.,Klein, Anita S. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.8
Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity $NH_4{^+}$ transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species' use in aquaculture.
Eriksen, Elke,Graff, Pal,Pedersen, Ine,Straumfors, Anne,Afanou, Anani K. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.1
Background: The global shift toward greener societies demands new technologies and work operations in the waste-management sector. However, progressive industrial methods do not necessarily consider workers' health. This study characterized workers' exposure to bioaerosols and investigated the bioaerosols' potential to engage the immune system in vitro. Methods: Full shift personal aerosol sampling was conducted over three consecutive days. Dust load was analyzed by gravimetry, fungal and actinobacterial spores were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, and endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. In vitro exposure of HEK cells to airborne dust samples was used to investigate the potential of inducing an inflammatory reaction. Results: The total dust exposure level exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 5.0 mg/m<sup>3</sup> in 3 out of 15 samples. The inhalable endotoxin level exceeded the recommended exposure level by a 7-fold, whereas the fungal spore level exceeded the recommended exposure level by an 11-fold. Actinobacterial spores were identified in 8 out of 14 samples. In vitro experiments revealed significant TLR2 activation in 9 out of 14 samples vs. significant TLR4 activation in all samples. Conclusion: The present study showed that the dust samples contained potentially health-impairing endotoxin, fungi, and actinobacterial levels. Furthermore, the sampled dust contained microbial components capable of inducing TLR activation and thus have the potential to evoke an inflammatory response in exposed individuals.
( Renee L. Eriksen ),( Anita S. Klein ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2018 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.21 No.3
Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species’ use in aquaculture.
POWER ASYMMETRY IN WMAP AND PLANCK TEMPERATURE SKY MAPS AS MEASURED BY A LOCAL VARIANCE ESTIMATOR
Akrami, Y.,Fantaye, Y.,Shafieloo, A.,Eriksen, H. K.,Hansen, F. K.,Banday, A. J.,Gorski, K. M. University of Chicago Press for the American Astro 2014 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.784 No.2
We revisit the question of hemispherical power asymmetry in the WMAP and Planck temperature sky maps by measuring the local variance over the sky and on disks of various sizes. For the 2013 Planck sky map we find that none of the 1000 available isotropic Planck 'Full Focal Plane' simulations have a larger variance asymmetry than that estimated from the data, suggesting the presence of an anisotropic signature formally significant at least at the 3.3 sigma level. For the WMAP 9 year data we find that 5 out of 1000 simulations have a larger asymmetry. The preferred direction for the asymmetry from the Planck data is (l, b) = (212 degrees, -13 degrees), in good agreement with previous reports of the same hemispherical power asymmetry.
Norwegian Kindergartens in a Time of School Reforms and Transformations
Sidsel Hadler Olsen,Nora Linden,Elin Eriksen Oedegaard 한국유아교육학회 1999 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.4 No.1
In this paper the authors locate the Norwegian kindergartens within a schooling background and give a short summary of the new curricula for the kindergartens and schools in Norway. In 1997 the country introduced a new curriculum for the whole compulsory education system which gives 10 years of compulsory schooling and the right to three years higher education. The authors discuss the new kindergarten curriculum in the light of a change in Norwegian society and the schooling based on the principle of $quot;inclusion$quot;. The authors also discuss the effect this has on the children concerned.
A SUPER-SOLAR METALLICITY FOR THE PROGENITOR OF KEPLER'S SUPERNOVA
Park, Sangwook,Badenes, Carles,Mori, Koji,Kaida, Ryohei,Bravo, Eduardo,Schenck, Andrew,Eriksen, Kristoffer A.,Hughes, John P.,Slane, Patrick O.,Burrows, David N.,Lee, Jae-Joon IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.767 No.1
<P>We have performed deep X-ray observations of the remnant of Kepler's supernova (SN 1604) as a Key Project of the Suzaku Observatory. Our main goal is to detect secondary Fe-peak elements in the supernova (SN) ejecta to gain insights into the Type Ia SN explosion mechanism and the nature of the progenitor. Here, we report our initial results. We made a conclusive detection of X-ray emission lines from highly ionized Mn, Cr, and Ni as well as Fe. The observed Mn-to-Cr line flux ratio is similar to 0.60, similar to 30% larger than that measured in Tycho's remnant. We estimate an Mn-to-Cr mass ratio of similar to 0.77, which is strongly suggestive of a large neutron excess in the progenitor star before the onset of the thermonuclear runaway. The observed Ni-to-Fe line flux ratio (similar to 0.03) corresponds to a mass ratio of similar to 0.06, which is generally consistent with the products of the explosive Si-burning regime in Type Ia explosion models, and rules out contamination from the products of neutron-rich nuclear statistical equilibrium in the shocked ejecta. Together with the previously suggested luminous nature of the explosion, these mass ratios provide strong evidence for a super-solar metallicity in the SN progenitor (similar to 3 Z(circle dot)). Kepler's SN was likely the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf formed in the recent past that must have exploded through a relatively prompt channel.</P>