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Metabolic detoxification of capsaicin by UDP-glycosyltransferase in three Helicoverpa species
Seung-Joon Ahn,Francisco R. Badenes-Pérez,Michael Reichelt,Aleš Svatoš,Bernd Schneider,Jonathan Gershenzon,David G. Heckel 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
Capsaicin β-glucoside was isolated from the feces of Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta and H. zea that fed on capsaicin-supplemented artificial diet. The chemical structure was identified by NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as by enzymatic hydrolysis. The excretion rates of the glucoside were different among the three species; those in the two generalists, H. armigera and H. zea, were higher than in a specialist, H. assulta. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) enzyme activities measured from the whole larval homogenate of the three species with capsaicin and UDP-glucose as substrates were also higher in the two generalists. Compared among five different larval tissues (labial glands, testes from male larvae, midgut, the Malpighian tubules, and fatbody) from the three species, the formation of the capsaicin glucoside by one or more UGT is high in the fat body of all the three species as expected, as well as in H. assulta Malpighian tubules. Optimization of the enzyme assay method is also described in detail. Although the lower excretion rate of the unaltered capsaicin in H. assulta indicates higher metabolic capacity toward capsaicin than in the other two generalists, the glucosylation per se seems to be insufficient to explain the decrease of capsaicin in the specialist, suggesting H. assulta might have another important mechanism to deal with capsaicin more specifically.
A SUPER-SOLAR METALLICITY FOR THE PROGENITOR OF KEPLER'S SUPERNOVA
Park, Sangwook,Badenes, Carles,Mori, Koji,Kaida, Ryohei,Bravo, Eduardo,Schenck, Andrew,Eriksen, Kristoffer A.,Hughes, John P.,Slane, Patrick O.,Burrows, David N.,Lee, Jae-Joon IOP Publishing 2013 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.767 No.1
<P>We have performed deep X-ray observations of the remnant of Kepler's supernova (SN 1604) as a Key Project of the Suzaku Observatory. Our main goal is to detect secondary Fe-peak elements in the supernova (SN) ejecta to gain insights into the Type Ia SN explosion mechanism and the nature of the progenitor. Here, we report our initial results. We made a conclusive detection of X-ray emission lines from highly ionized Mn, Cr, and Ni as well as Fe. The observed Mn-to-Cr line flux ratio is similar to 0.60, similar to 30% larger than that measured in Tycho's remnant. We estimate an Mn-to-Cr mass ratio of similar to 0.77, which is strongly suggestive of a large neutron excess in the progenitor star before the onset of the thermonuclear runaway. The observed Ni-to-Fe line flux ratio (similar to 0.03) corresponds to a mass ratio of similar to 0.06, which is generally consistent with the products of the explosive Si-burning regime in Type Ia explosion models, and rules out contamination from the products of neutron-rich nuclear statistical equilibrium in the shocked ejecta. Together with the previously suggested luminous nature of the explosion, these mass ratios provide strong evidence for a super-solar metallicity in the SN progenitor (similar to 3 Z(circle dot)). Kepler's SN was likely the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf formed in the recent past that must have exploded through a relatively prompt channel.</P>
Neuropsychological Outcome One Year after Carotid Revascularization: A before-and-after Study
Laura Casas-Hernanz,Maite Garolera,Dolors Badenes,Salvador Quintana,Susana Millán,Noemi Calzado,Jorge de Francisco,Josep Royo,Miquel Aguilar 대한혈관외과학회 2017 Vascular Specialist International Vol.33 No.4
Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine the clinical profile of patients considered cognitive ‘responders’ to surgery in order to establish clinical variables associated with a favorable cognitive performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients were included in the study. A wellvalidated, comprehensive standardized neurocognitive battery of tests of about 2 hours was administered. Patients were examined twice, 1-week before surgery and 1-year postoperatively. The criterion to be included in the ‘responder’ group was the following: to obtain a positive difference between post-revascularization and pre-revascularization neuropsychological assessment ≥1 standard deviation in ≥2 tests. Results: Twenty-seven patients (38.6%) were cognitive responders to treatment. In bivariate analysis between responders and non-responders, presence of atrophy (P=0.003), small vessels (P=0.577), symptoms (P=0.046), and age (P=0.030) were the factors statistically significant. When comparing cognitive performance before and after carotid revascularization, significant differences were observed in semantic fluency with a lower performance after 12 months (P=0.004, d=0.29), and in the Language index (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) (P=0.005, d=0.34). Conclusion: Patients without neurological symptoms, of a younger age and without atrophy and white matter small vessel lesions are better cognitive responders 1-year after carotid revascularization.