Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Using the Gail Model: a Turkish Study

Erbil, Nulufer,Dundar, Nursel,Inan, Cigdem,Bolukbas, Nurgul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine risk of developing of breast cancer among Turkish women. Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive and cross-sectional approach, data were collected from 231 women. Breast cancer risk was calculated using the National Cancer Institute's on-line verson of called as the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool or the Gail Risk Assesment Tool. Results: The average age of women was $45.0{\pm}8.06$ years. It was revealed that 6.1% of participants reported having first degree relatives who had had breast cancer, with only four women having more than one first-degree relative affected (1.7%). The mean five-year breast cancer risk for all women was $0.88{\pm}0.91%$, and 7.4% of women had a five-year breast cancer risk >1.66% in this study. Mean lifetime breast cancer risk up to age 90 years was $9.3{\pm}5.2%$. Conclusions: The breast cancer risk assessment tool can help in the clinical management of patient seeking advice concerning screening and prevention. Healthcare providers in Turkey can use this approach to estimate an individual's probability of developing breast cancer.

Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behavior of Turkish Women about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination According to a Turkish Version of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale

Erbil, Nulufer,Bolukbas, Nurgul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Although a great deal of progress has been made in the health sciences, early diagnosis, and increasing community awareness, breast cancer remains a life-threatening illness. In order to reduce this threat, breast cancer screening needs to be implemented in all communities where possible. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine health beliefs, attitudes and behaviors about breast cancer and breast self-examination of Turkish women. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 656 women, using an adapted Turkish version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS), between January and May 2011, in Ordu province of Turkey. Results: The results showed that 67.7% of women had knowledge about and 55.8% performed BSE, however 60.6% of those who indicated they practiced BSE reported they did so at irregular intervals. CHBMS subscales scores of women according to women's age, education level, occupation, family income and education level of the women's mothers, family history of breast cancer, friend and an acquaintance with breast cancer, knowledge about breast cancer, BSE and mammography were significantly different. Conclusion: Knowledge of women about the risks and benefits of early detection of breast cancer positively affect their health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Health care professionals can develop effective breast health programs and can help women to gain good health behavior and to maintain health.

Health Beliefs and Breast Self-Examination among Female University Nursing Students in Turkey

Erbil, Nulufer,Bolukbas, Nurgul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the health beliefs and knowledge about breast self examination (BSE) and the actual BSE habits of female university nursing students. Materials and Methods: The study sample recruited 189 nursing students who agreed to participate in the study. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, one way ANOVA test, t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: 83.1% of nursing students had knowledge about breast cancer (BC) and BSE in the study. BSE was practiced by 70.4% of nursing students; 21.8% of them performed BSE regularly. A fear of developing BC was an incentive for 85% of nursing students to practice BSE. The confidence subscale scores in the third and fourth years of students' university education were higher, and the barrier subscale score in these same years was lower than their first years of study. Perception of benefit of nursing students experiencing breast-related discomfort exerted a positive effect. Nursing students with lower perception of barriesr performed BSE regularly. In conclusion, nursing students' years of university study, breast cancer knowledge, history of breast cancer in family, and BSE practice status were factors affecting their health beliefs. Conclusions: These study results indicate the importance of developing education and training programs which educate not only nursing students but all women about breast cancer, its symptoms, the importance of early diagnosis and of regular BSE.

Leaching kinetics of ulexite in sodium hydrogen sulphate solutions

Erbil Kavcı,Turan C¸alban,Sabri C¸olak,Soner Kus¸ lu 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

The aim of this study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of ulexite in sodium hydrogen sulphate solutions in a mechanical agitation system and to declare an alternative reactant to produce boric acid. Reaction temperature, concentration of sodium hydrogen sulphate solutions, stirring speed, solid/liquid ratio and ulexite particle size were selected as parameters of the dissolution rate of ulexite. The experimental results were successfully correlated by linear regression using Statistica program. Dissolution curves were evaluated in order to test shrinking core models for solid-fluid systems. It was observed that increase in the reaction temperature and decrease in the solid/liquid ratio cause an increase in the dissolution rate of ulexite. The dissolution extent is highly increased with increase in the stirring speed rate between 100 and 700 rpm experimental conditions. The activation energy was found to be 36.4 kJ/mol. The leaching of ulexite was controlled by diffusion through the ash or product layer. The rate expression associated with the dissolution rate of ulexite depending on the parameters chosen may be summarized as: 1–3(1 X)2/3 + 2(1 X) = 6.17 × C0.97 × W1.17 × D 1.72 × (S/L) 0.66 × e( 36.4/RT) t.

Evaluation of Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Endometrial Cancer Patients: a Retrospective Study in Turkey

Karaman, Erbil,Karaman, Yasemin,Numanoglu, Ceyhun,Ark, Hasan Cemal Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Background: Hemoglobin A1c(HgA1c) is a marker of poor gylcemic control and elevation HgA1c is associated with increased risk of many cancers. We aimed to determine the HgA1c levels in endometrial cancer cases and any relationship with stage and grade of disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective data review was performed between June 2011 and October 2012 at a tertiary referral center in Turkey. The study included 35 surgically staged endometrial cancer patients and 40 healthy controls. Preoperative HgA1c levels drawn within 3 months before surgery were compared. Also the relationships between HgA1c levels and stage, grade and hystologic type of cancer cases were evaluated. Results: The mean HgA1c levels were statistically significantly higher at $6.19{\pm}1.44$ in endometrial cancer cases than the $5.61{\pm}0.58$ in controls (p=0.027). With endometrial cancer cases, the mean HgA1c level was found to be $6.62{\pm}1.40$ for stage I and $6.88{\pm}1.15$ for stages II-IV (p=0.07). The figures were $6.74{\pm}1.65$ for endometrioid and $6.63{\pm}1.41$ for non-endometrioid type tumors (p=0.56). Mean HgA1c levels of $6.72{\pm}1.14$ for grade 1 and $6.62{\pm}1.42$ for grade 2-3 were observed (p=0.57). Conclusions: HgA1c levels in endometrial cancer patients were statistically higher than healthy controls. However, HgA1c did not show any significant correlation with stage, grade and histologic type in endometrial cancer cases.

The influence of parameters on the evolution of the friction surfacing method - a review

Mehmet Erbil Özcan 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

Friction surfacing is a coating technology based on the accumulation of two metals with the same or different properties by transforming into a viscous structure without the need for an external heat source. The frictional surfacing process, which is based on the principle of coating by melting method by reaching the desired temperature with the contact of the consumable rod rotating around its axis, is used to bring the desired properties of the material together. The friction surfacing method, which can be made with many material pairs, requires a separate expertise in terms of achieving the desired temperature and adhesion of the materials to each other when made with the steel material pair. In this study, when the friction surfacing process is made with other materials and especially steel material combinations, the parameters used and the properties examined are investigated and the fundamentals of friction surfacing and recent developments are examined in the light of the literature. The advantages and disadvantages of the method, its usage areas and the theoretical and experimental studies for the people working on new coating methods have been brought together and a different perspective by examining the factors affecting the coating method one by one has been revealed with this study.

The electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline on stainless steel and its corrosion performance

?zyılmaz,M. Erbil,B. Yazıcı 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1

Polyaniline (PANI) coatings were synthesized on stainless steel electrode by applying two different scan rates (10 and 50mVs1) in 0.1M aniline containing 0.3M oxalic acid solution. The synthesized polymer films were strongly adherent and homogenous in both cases. The corrosion performances of polyaniline coatings were investigated in 0.1M HCl solution, by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Also, the open circuit potential–time (Eocp–t) diagrams were used. It was shown the polymer film deposited at low scan rate exhibited a better barrier property than the polymer film produced high scan rate. The PANI film coated at low scan rate provided important protection to stainless steel for longer periods, in such aggressive medium. Also, it was found out that the polymer film coated at low scan rate decreased the corrosion rate, by its catalytic behaviour on formation of ferric and chromium oxide layers.

Comparison of bilateral isokinetic and isometric strength differences in elite young male and female taekwondo athletes

Sultan Harbili,Erbil Harbili,Zübeyde Aslankeser 한국운동재활학회 2022 JER Vol.18 No.2

Definition of strength imbalance between legs and muscles does not only play a decisive role for higher performance but also prevents sport injury. The purpose of this study was to determine bilateral differences on isokinetic and isometric strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles in male and female elite young taekwondo athletes. Ten male (age: 19.40± 0.84 years) and female (age: 18.24± 1.42 years) taekwondo athletes of the Turkish national team between 17–20-year of age participated in the study. Concentric peak torque of hamstring (H) and quadriceps (Q) of the dominant (D) and nondominant leg (ND) was evaluated using isokinetic machine (Cybex Humac Norm) at 60° and 180°/sec. Isometric peak torque of both legs was determined at 60°. Significant differences were found between genders (P< 0.05). Concentric and isometric knee strength was significantly greater in male than that of female (P< 0.05). Although no significant bilateral strength difference was found in both sexes in concentric and isometric strength (P> 0.05), and isometric H strength was in favor of the dominant leg 15% for men athletes and 11% for women. H/Q ratio was similar between gender and legs. The study revealed no bilateral knee strength asymmetry in both male and female taekwondo athletes. However, male had 20%–30% higher isometric and concentric knee extensor and flexor strength than female in both legs.

Electrochemical synthesis and corrosion behaviour of poly (pyrrole-co-o-anisidine-co-o-toluidine)

Süleyman Yalçınkaya,Tunç Tüken,Birgül Yazıcı,Mehmet Erbil 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3

In this study, a ter-polymer film of pyrrole, o-anisidine and o-toluidine has been electrochemically synthesized on low carbon steel. The synthesis solution was aqueous oxalic acid containing 2:1:1 monomer feed ratio between pyrrole, o-anisidine and o-toluidine, respectively. The characterization of synthesized ter-polymer film was realized with help of UV–Vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The stability of this ter-polymer film as a coating material has also been investigated on steel, in 3.5%NaCl solution. Under such severe conditions, the ter-polymer film was found to exhibit low permeability against water ingress. It was able to exhibit protective coating behavior on steel, even after 72 h exposure time. The DSC results revealed that the ter-polymer film had better thermal stability with respect to single polypyrrole film. The synthesized ter-polymer film was completely different in aspect of morphology,stability and other structural properties when compared to single polypyrrole film. This highly stable and extremely thin (0.80 ㎛) film can find application for various purposes (anticorrosive, electrocatalytic,etc.), at where the stability of polypyrrole like films constitutes a drawback.

Mild steel protection with epoxy top coated polypyrrole and polyaniline in 3.5% NaCl?

G. Tansu?,T. T?ken,A.T. ?zyılmaz,M. Erbil,B. Yazıcı 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.4