Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of orbifloxacin in Korean Hanwoo cattle

ELIAS, G.,LEE, J.-S.,HWANG, M.-H.,PARK, Y.-S.,CHO, K.-H.,KIM, Y.-H.,PARK, S.-C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutic Vol.32 No.3

<P>The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orbifloxacin were studied in six clinically healthy Hanwoo cows after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Steady-state volume of distribution and clearance of orbifloxacin after i.v. administration were 0.92 L/kg and 0.24 L/h·kg, respectively. Following i.m. administration, a slow and complete absorption with absolute bioavailability of 101.4%, and a maximum concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 1.17 &mgr;g/mL at 1.04 h were observed. The <I>in vitro</I> serum protein binding was 14.76%. The <I>in vitro</I> antibacterial activity of orbifloxacin against a pathogenic strain of <I>Mannheimia haemolytica</I> (<I>M. haemolytica</I>), <I>Escherichia coli</I> (<I>E. coli</I>) and <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (<I>S. aureus</I>) was determined<I>.</I> The <I>ex vivo</I> activity of orbifloxacin against <I>M. haemolytica</I> strain was also determined<I>,</I> and these data were integrated with the <I>ex vivo</I> bacterial counts to establish <I>AUC</I><SUB>24h</SUB>/<I>MIC</I> values producing bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action and elimination of bacteria. Mean values were 32.7, 51.6 and 102.6 h, respectively. From these data, we predict that orbifloxacin, when administered i.m. at a dosage of 2.5–5 mg/kg once a day, would be effective against bovine pathogens, such as <I>M. haemolytica.</I> Additional studies may be needed to confirm its efficacy in a clinical setting, and to evaluate the penetration of the drug in diseased tissues.</P>

Bidirectional Quasi-Cuk DC/DC Converter with Reduced Voltage Stress on Capacitor and Capability of Changing the Output Polarity

Elias Shokati Asl,Mehran Sabahi 대한전기학회 2017 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.12 No.3

In this paper, a bidirectional topology for quasi-Cuk dc/dc converter with capability of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) is proposed. The bidirectional quasi-Cuk (BQ-Cuk) converter has different voltage and current transfer ratio, reduced voltage stress on capacitor and capability of changing the output polarity in comparison with conventional bidirectional Cuk converter. In this paper, steady-state analysis of the quasi-Cuk converter with capability of ZVZCS in turn-on is presented. Then, critical inductances for transient from this operation to two new operations are calculated. Next, besides values designing of used elements, maximum and minimum value of their current and voltage are calculated. Finally, experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed converter in different operating modes are presented.

In Vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of protocatechualdehyde isolated from Phellinus gilvus

Elias gebru,Seungjin Lee,Dereje Damte,Woosik Jo,Seungchun Park 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회 국제학술대회 Vol.6 No.-

Corallite increase and mural pores in <i>Lichenaria</i> (Tabulata, Ordovician)

Elias, Robert J.,Lee, Dong-Jin,Woo, Sung-Kyu Cambridge University Press 2008 Journal of paleontology Vol.82 No.2

<P><I>Lichenaria</I> may be a representative of the most primitive stock of tabulate corals. The degree of paleobiologic complexity discovered in <I>L. globularis</I> and <I>L. grandis</I> is therefore surprising. Six types of corallite increase are recognized. All are lateral, which is the predominant mode in tabulates. Most types, however, are unique or are comparable to those in few other Ordovician taxa. Only Type 1 (<I>L. globularis</I>), yielding a single offset with a simple basal mural pore, is typical of tabulates. In Type 2 (<I>L. globularis</I>), one parent produces two offsets simultaneously, whereas in Type 3 (<I>L. globularis</I>), two offsets arise from separate parents at nearly the same time and join via a connective mural pore. Types 4 (<I>L. globularis, L. grandis</I>), 5 (<I>L. grandis</I>), and 6 (<I>L. globularis, L. grandis</I>), respectively, involve one, two, and two to four corallites in addition to the parent, which join via a connective mural pore at the site of offsetting.</P><P>Several features of <I>L. globularis</I> and <I>L. grandis</I> point to unexpectedly high levels of colony integration. Continuously fused common walls lacking back-to-back epithecae suggest soft tissue continuity among polyps above the corallum. Connective mural pores indicate temporary fusion of polyps. Coordinated behavior of polyps is suggested by the development of conjoined offsets from two parents during Type 3 increase, and by fusion during Types 4 to 6 increase. Attempts at certain types of increase sometimes failed to yield offsets, suggesting expendability of incipient buds, perhaps reflecting subjugation of individuals for the good of the colony.</P><P>In light of this study, genera that have previously been included in Lichenariidae and Lichenariida require reassessment and their phylogenetic relationships should be reconsidered. Unfortunately, this is hindered because fundamental characters such as corallite increase and wall structure remain inadequately known in most early tabulates.</P>

Effect of Ti on the network polymerization in Ti-bearing sodium silicate glass using <SUP>29</SUP>Si NMR spectroscopy

Elias El Ghazaoui(엘리아스 엘 가자우이),Jeong Jae Lee(이정재),Sung Keun Lee(이성근) 한국암석학회 2021 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE NEUTRAL HYDROGEN SUPERSHELLS

Elias, Federico,Silich, Sergiy,Franco, Jose The Korean Astronomical Society 2007 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.40 No.4

Here we analyze if the ionized shells associated with giant HII regions represent the progenitors of the larger neutral hydrogen supershells detected in the Milky Way and other spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies. We calculate the evolutionary tracks that 12 HII shells found by Relano et al. (2005, 2007) would have if they expanded into the interstellar medium because of multiple supernovae explosions occurring inside the cavity. We find, contrary to Relano et al. (2007), that the evolutionary tracks of these HII shells are inconsistent with the observed parameters of the largest and most massive neutral hydrogen supershells. Thus, an additional energy source to the multiple supernovae explosions is required in order to explain the origin of the most massive neutral hydrogen shells.

How SMEs or larger firms and industries' productivity respond to technology: a panel data study

Elias Sanidas 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

This paper is an important and necessary extension of the recent study by Lim and Sanidas (2011) where it was rigorously shown that both types of technology positively affect firms and industries in South Korea. How is this technological impact differentiated between SMEs and larger firms? The present paper answers this question and provides policy recommendations accordingly. Following the same methodology as in the just mentioned study, we put emphasis on the role of technological innovations which consist of two components: technical innovations (TIs) and organizational innovations (OIs). We use firm based data and the econometric method of Fixed Effects(FE) to measure the relationship between OIs, TIs and productivity. In these regressions we included some standard control variables such as wage efficiency, educational level, and capital to labor ratio to accommodate for other important influences. Some industries such as electrical machinery, motor vehicles, and non-electrical machinery have become more efficient in terms of OIs and TIs and thus improved productivity considerably. The results indicate that in general the size of firms is rather neutral to the influence of technology and all other factors on productivity. Thus, overall SMEs as well as large firms behave similarly in terms of the established relationships in this paper. However some significant differences which are detected in this study still exist.

The Role of Foreign Exchange Rates in Sub-Saharan Countries: Empirical Comparison with Non-Euro OECD Countries Using Panel Data

Elias Sanidas,Fetene Bogale Hunegnaw 서울대학교 경제연구소 2017 Seoul journal of economics Vol.30 No.2

The effect of devaluations on economies is one of the most controversial macroeconomic policies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), both theoretically and empirically. This study uses panel data from 1995-2013 for 17 SSA countries and 17 non-Euro OECD economies. The main conclusion is that exchange rates devaluations and revaluations are an effective policy instrument in improving trade balances and boosting real output in both regions. There are some similarities in the results between the two groups of nations but also many differences, which are indicated in detail in the text. For example, regarding the estimation of trade balances directly, the income effects (own GDP and foreign GDP) and the exchange rates effect seem to be more important in the case of SSA group than in the case of the OECD group. There are also some policy implications. Thus, governments in SSA nations are encouraged to further pursue both exchange rates and monetary or fiscal policies; and as they develop their industries, they may rely more and more on floating exchange rates.

Linear Production Function Based Modeling and Estimations of wages and profits in S. Korean economy: Consequential policies

Elias Sanidas 서울대학교 경제연구소 2021 Seoul journal of economics Vol.34 No.4

The introduction of productivity, either in the form of a function of labor productivity or a function of wages in a linear production function (LPF), opens numerous possibilities for the correct estimation of the main parameters of capital and labor prices, as well the capital and labor shares in the national economy. The LPF is also successfully combined with the Cobb–Douglas production function to confirm the estimations of these parameters. In addition, we provide evidence as to why the wage share in the economy has been declining. Several other relations are also generated, such as the constancy of the GDP to capital ratio. Moreover, some related policies are examined regarding wages and profits.

KOREAN AUGMENTED PRODUCTION FUNCTION: THE ROLE OF SERVICES AND OTHER FACTORS IN KOREA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH OF INDUSTRIES

Elias Sanidas,박혜리 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2011 Journal of Economic Development Vol.36 No.1

It is well known that economic growth and services have a positive association. In particular, the more developed an economy is, the higher the share of the services sector. While most research has focused on service output, this study also examines services as input. Recently, the need for taking services a separate input in the production function has come to the fore. Therefore, the OECD productivity manual generalizes the KLEM model to KLEMS (capital-labor-energy-materials-services) model by including the services as an input. We use KLEMS data in this study. In addition, we augmented the standard production function with other variables such as the inventory to sales ratio, R&D to sales ratio, education expenditure to sales ratio, and the debt to sales ratio. The findings are encouraging and lead us to formulate some important conclusions; for example, after the 1998 Financial Crisis, the Korean economy has increased in efficiency and this is partly due to an increased importance of services as both output and input.