Optimization of Human Interferon Gamma Production in Escherichia coli by Response Surface Methodology

Victor E. Balderas Hernandez,Luz M. T. Paz Maldonado,Emilio Medina Rivero,Ana P. Barba de la Rosa,Leandro G. Ordonez Acevedo,Antonio De Leon Rodriguez 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.1

The production of human interferon gamma (hIFN-γ) using a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli BL21-SI was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken design. The process variables studied were temperature, biomass concentration at induction time and the NaCl concentration as inducer. According to the Box-Behnken design, a second order response function was developed. The optimal expression conditions were a temperature of 32.6℃, induction biomass of 0.31 g/L and 0.3 M NaCl in minimal medium. The model prediction for the maximum hIFN-γ production was 77.3 mg/L, which corresponded satisfactorily with the experimental data. The hIFN-γ concentration attained under optimized conditions was 13-times higher than that obtained using the non-optimized conditions. We conclude that RSM is an effective method for the optimization of recombinant protein expression using synthetic genes in E. coli.

An upgrade of the magnetic diagnostic system of the DIII-D tokamak for non-axisymmetric measurements.

King, J D,Strait, E J,Boivin, R L,Taussig, D,Watkins, M G,Hanson, J M,Logan, N C,Paz-Soldan, C,Pace, D C,Shiraki, D,Lanctot, M J,La Haye, R J,Lao, L L,Battaglia, D J,Sontag, A C,Haskey, S R,Bak, J G American Institute of Physics 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.8

<P>The DIII-D tokamak magnetic diagnostic system [E. J. Strait, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 023502 (2006)] has been upgraded to significantly expand the measurement of the plasma response to intrinsic and applied non-axisymmetric '3D' fields. The placement and design of 101 additional sensors allow resolution of toroidal mode numbers 1 n 3, and poloidal wavelengths smaller than MARS-F, IPEC, and VMEC magnetohydrodynamic model predictions. Small 3D perturbations, relative to the equilibrium field (10(-5) < δB/B0 < 10(-4)), require sub-millimeter fabrication and installation tolerances. This high precision is achieved using electrical discharge machined components, and alignment techniques employing rotary laser levels and a coordinate measurement machine. A 16-bit data acquisition system is used in conjunction with analog signal-processing to recover non-axisymmetric perturbations. Co-located radial and poloidal field measurements allow up to 14.2 cm spatial resolution of poloidal structures (plasma poloidal circumference is ~500 cm). The function of the new system is verified by comparing the rotating tearing mode structure, measured by 14 BP fluctuation sensors, with that measured by the upgraded B(R) saddle loop sensors after the mode locks to the vessel wall. The result is a nearly identical 2/1 helical eigenstructure in both cases.</P>

Effects of Steroid Hormone in Avian Follicles

Caicedo Rivas, R.E.,Nieto, M. Paz-Calderon,Kamiyoshi, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.4

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of testosterone (T) and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) on the production of progesterone ($P_4$) by granulosa cells, and of the $E_2$ on the production of $P_4$ and T by theca internal cells. In the first experiment, granulosa cells isolated from the largest ($F_1$) and third largest ($F_3$) preovulatory follicle were incubated for 4 h in short-term culture system, $P_4$ production by granulosa cells of both $F_1$ and $F_3$ was increased in a dose-dependent manner by ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH), but not T or $E_2$. In the second experiment, $F_1$ and $F_3$ granulosa cells cultured for 48 h in the developed monolayer culture system were recultured for an additional 48 h with increasing doses of various physiological active substances existing in the ovary, including T and $E_2$. Basal $P_4$ production for 48 h during 48 to 96 h of the cultured was about nine fold greater by $F_1$ granulosa cells than by $F_3$ granulosa cells. In substances examined oLH, chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (cVIP) and T, but not $E_2$, stimulated in a dose-dependent manner $P_4$ production in both $F_1$ and $F_3$ granulosa cells. In addition, when the time course of $P_4$ production by $F_1$ granulosa cells in response to oLH, cVIP, T and $E_2$ was examined for 48 h during 48 to 96 h of culture, although $E_2$ had no effect on $P_4$ production by granulosa cells of $F_1$ during the period from 48 to 96 h of culture, $P_4$ production with oLH was found to be increased at 4 h of the culture, with a maximal 9.14 fold level at 6 h. By contrast, $P_4$ production with cVIP and T increased significantly (p<0.05) from 8 and 12 h of the culture, respectively, with maximal 6.50 fold response at 12 h and 6, 48 fold responses at 36 h. Furthermore, when $F_1$ granulosa cells were precultured with $E_2$ for various times before 4 h culture with oLH at 96 h of culture, the increase in $P_4$ production in response to oLH with a dose-related manner was only found at a pretreatment time of more than 12 h. In the third experiment, theca internal cells of $F_1$, $F_2$ and the largest third to fifth preovulatory follicles ($F_{3-5}$) were incubated for 4 h in short-term culture system with increasing doses of $E_2$. The production of $P_4$ and T by theca internal cells were increased with the addition of $E_2$ of $10^{-6}M$. These increases were greater in smaller follicles. These results indicate that, in granulosa cells of the hen, T may have a direct stimulatory action in the long term on $P_4$ production, and on $E_2$ in long-term action which may enhance the sensitivity to LH for $P_4$ production, and thus, in theca internal cells, $E_2$ in short term action may stimulate the production of $P_4$ and T.

Some Aspects of The Philippines Population Problem

Dionisia R. Dela Paz,Eliseo A. de Guzman,Aurora E. Perez,Imelda A. Feranil 인구문제연구소 1979 人口問題論集 Vol.- No.22

Influence of Low Pressure Plasma Treatment on the Durability of Thermoplastic Composites LDPE-flax/coconut under Thermal and Humidity Conditions

B. Enciso,J. Abenojar,E. Paz,M.A. Martínez 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.6

The aim of this work is to study the influence of low pressure plasma (LPP) treatment on the durability of thermoplastic composites using flax and coconut fibers as reinforcement. Two different aging conditions were evaluated, high temperature (73 oC) and high temperature plus water immersion. In both cases five aging times (1, 2, 8, 30 and 60 days) were evaluated. Composite materials were prepared with treated and untreated flax and coconut fibers with 30 % of fiber content and a low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix. Composites were manufactured using a rotor mixer and a hot plates press. The influence of the aging conditions on each type of fiber, flax or coconut, as well as the plasma treatment effect in all composite materials were studied by determining water absorption and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties were assessed by three point bending tests and the water uptake was determined by weight measurements. Thermal properties were also studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) technique. Finally, the liquids where the specimens were submerged in were evaluated by ultraviolet spectroscopy to analyse cellulose or lignin amounts dissolved. In all cases, durability was mainly affected by the humidity but not so much by high temperatures, obtaining better bending strength and Young’s modulus in the LPP treated materials, especially those with flax fiber reinforcement.

ARRAKIS: atlas of resonance rings as known in the S⁴G

Comeró,n, S.,Salo, H.,Laurikainen, E.,Knapen, J. H.,Buta, R. J.,Herrera-Endoqui, M.,Laine, J.,Holwerda, B. W.,Sheth, K.,Regan, M. W.,Hinz, J. L.,Muñ,oz-Mateos, J. C.,Gil de Paz, A.,Men&eac Springer-Verlag 2014 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.562 No.-

<P>Context. Resonance rings and pseudorings (here collectively called rings) are thought to be related to the gathering of material near dynamical resonances caused by non-axisymmetries in galaxy discs. This means that they are the result of secular evolution processes that redistribute material and angular momentum in discs. Studying them may give clues on the formation and growth of bars and other disc non-axisymmetries. Aims. Our aims are to produce a catalogue and an atlas of the rings detected in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S<SUP>4</SUP>G) and to conduct a statistical study of the data in the catalogue. Methods. We traced the contours of rings previously identified and fitted them with ellipses. We found the orientation of bars by studying the galaxy ellipse fits from the S<SUP>4</SUP>G pipeline 4. We used the galaxy orientation data obtained by the S<SUP>4</SUP>G pipeline 4 to obtain intrinsic ellipticities and orientations of rings and the bars. Results. ARRAKIS contains data on 724 ringed galaxies in the S<SUP>4</SUP>G. The frequency of resonance rings in the S<SUP>4</SUP>G is of 16 ±1% and 35 ±1% for outer and inner features, respectively. Outer rings are mostly found in Hubble stages −1 ≤T≤ 4. Inner rings are found in a broad distribution that covers the range −1 ≤T≤7. We confirm that outer rings have two preferred orientations, namely parallel and perpendicular to the bar. We confirm a tendency for inner rings to be oriented parallel to the bar, but we report the existence of a significant fraction (maybe as large as 50%) of inner features that have random orientations with respect to the bar. These misaligned inner rings are mostly found in late-type galaxies (T ≥4). We find that the fraction of barred galaxies hosting outer (inner) rings is ~1.7 times (~1.3 times) that in unbarred galaxies. Conclusions. We confirm several results from previous surveys as well as predictions from simulations of resonant rings and/or from manifold flux tube theory. We report that a significant fraction of inner rings in late-type galaxies have a random orientation with respect to the bar. This may be caused by spiral modes that are decoupled from the bar and dominate the Fourier amplitude spectrum at the radius of the inner ring. The fact that rings are only mildly favoured by bars suggests that those in unbarred galaxies either formed because of weak departures from the axisymmetry of the galactic potential or that they are born because of bars that were destroyed after the ring formation.</P>

Pulmonary vein isolation alone and combined with renal sympathetic denervation in chronic kidney disease patients with refractory atrial fibrillation

( Marcio G. Kiuchi ),( Shaojie Chen ),( Gustavo R. E Silva ),( Luis M. R. Paz ),( Tetsuaki Kiuchi ),( Ary G. De Paula Filho ),( Gladyston L. L. Souto ) 대한신장학회 2016 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.35 No.4

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in adverse outcomes. Combining pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) may reduce the recurrence of AF in patients with CKD and hypertension. We considered that RSD could reduce the recurrence of AF in patients with CKD by modulating sympathetic hyperactivity. Our goal was to compare the impact of PVI + RSD with that of PVI alone in patients with concurrent AF and CKD. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, longitudinal, randomized, doubleblind study. Forty-five patients with controlled hypertension, symptomatic paroxysmal AF and/or persistent AF, stage 2 or 3 CKD, and a dual-chamber pacemaker were enrolled from January 2014 to January 2015. We assessed the 30-second recurrence of AF recorded by the pacemaker, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, echocardiographic parameters, and safety of RSD. Results: No patient developed procedural or other complications. The ambulatory blood pressure measurements did not differ within the PVI + RSD group or between the PVI + RSD and PVI groups throughout the study. Significantly more patients in the PVI + RSD group than in the PVI group were free of AF at the 12-month follow-up evaluation. The PVI group had an unacceptable response to ablation with respect to changes in echocardiographic parameters, whereas these parameters improved in the PVI + RSD group. Conclusion: PVI + RSD were associated with a lower AF recurrence rate than PVI alone; it also improved renal function and some echocardiographic parameters. These encouraging data will serve as baseline information for further long-term studies on larger patient populations. Copyright ⓒ 2016. The Korean Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Cast Aluminum Surface Reinforced with Carbon Nanotube via Solubilization Treatment

Paulo R. O. Brito,Cristhian R. L. Loayza,Mário E. S. Sousa,Eduardo M. Braga,Rômulo S. Angélica,Simone P. A. da Paz,Marcos A. L. Reis 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.3

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are noteworthy, as they reinforce the metallic matrix, due to mechanical properties, such asthe ~ 1.0 TPa Young module. To improve the maintenance of the commercially pure aluminum surface, multi-walled carbonnanotubes were incorporated into the aluminum surface with heat treatment by solid solubilization, in order to improvethe surface properties of aluminum. The aluminum samples were chemically attacked for 30, 60 and 120 s and placed in acontainer with CNTs, being subjected to a temperature of 640 °C for 1 h. Then, the roughness was evaluated by a roughnessmeter for morphology in the scanning electron microscopy. An intensity of aggregation of CNTs was evaluated by XRD, andthe Raman Spectra has evaluated the transfer of charge to the matrix. Microhardness was performed to evaluate the influenceof the incorporation of CNTs in the matrix. The results obtained show that the incorporation of CNTs in the aluminummatrix increases the hardness in approximately 20% of the surface, in comparison with the control sample. The process ofincorporating CNTs into the aluminum matrix by solubilization is a promising, simple and inexpensive alternative to improvethe durability of the aluminum surface.