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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Ureaplasma: What Do We Know So Far?
Nicole de la Haye,Matthias C. Hütten,Steffen Kunzmann,Boris W. Kramer 대한신생아학회 2017 Neonatal medicine Vol.24 No.1
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity of prematurity. BPD is a chronic respiratory disease related to lung-injury during the primary course of critical lung disease such as respiratory distress syndrome or when abnormal development of the preterm lung occurs. Abnormal lung development not only results from primary lung injury in the first days after birth, but also secondary injury through abnormal repair resulting in arrested and abnormal alveolarization, fibrosis and pulmonary vascular dysgenesis. Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor that plays an important role in the development of BPD. Ureaplasma subspecies (spp.) are the most common isolated organisms from chorioamniotic tissue after premature births. Therefore Ureaplasma spp. appear to play an important role in the development of BPD, and treatment or prophylactic treatment of these infections or colonization may reduce the incidence, morbidity and mortality of BPD. Ureaplasma spp. infections are challenging not only to treat, but also to diagnosis in a timely manner. This review summarizes the current state of treatment and new developments in the treatment of Ureaplasma exposure in premature infants.
Achievement Goal Orientation in Chinese Societies: Implications for College Counseling
Ching-Chen Chen,Wei-Wen Chen,George B. Richardson,Chia-Laing Dai,Jared Lau,Danica G. Hays 한국상담학회 2018 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.8 No.1
Achievement goal orientation has been linked to various academic and psychosocial outcomes within the United States and globally. As college counselors increasingly work with a diversified student body, it is imperative that they understand goal orientation and how it should be assessed among various cultures and subcultures. This study evaluated the functioning of the Achievement Goal Scale items across samples from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau and tested whether metric (i.e., goal orientation dimensions had the same meanings) and scalar (i.e., means could be compared across groups) invariance held. Findings suggest that goal orientation can be assessed across Chinese societies and, therefore, used to inform the development of culturally appropriate counseling approaches when working with college students. Implications for counseling practice and research are provided.
Impact of toroidal and poloidal mode spectra on the control of non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks
Lanctot, M. J.,Park, J.-K.,Piovesan, P.,Sun, Y.,Buttery, R. J.,Frassinetti, L.,Grierson, B. A.,Hanson, J. M.,Haskey, S. R.,In, Y.,Jeon, Y. M.,La Haye, R. J.,Logan, N. C.,Marrelli, L.,Orlov, D. M.,Paz- American Institute of Physics, 2017 Physics of plasmas Vol.24 No.5
King, J D,Strait, E J,Boivin, R L,Taussig, D,Watkins, M G,Hanson, J M,Logan, N C,Paz-Soldan, C,Pace, D C,Shiraki, D,Lanctot, M J,La Haye, R J,Lao, L L,Battaglia, D J,Sontag, A C,Haskey, S R,Bak, J G American Institute of Physics 2014 Review of scientific instruments Vol.85 No.8
<P>The DIII-D tokamak magnetic diagnostic system [E. J. Strait, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 023502 (2006)] has been upgraded to significantly expand the measurement of the plasma response to intrinsic and applied non-axisymmetric '3D' fields. The placement and design of 101 additional sensors allow resolution of toroidal mode numbers 1 n 3, and poloidal wavelengths smaller than MARS-F, IPEC, and VMEC magnetohydrodynamic model predictions. Small 3D perturbations, relative to the equilibrium field (10(-5) < δB/B0 < 10(-4)), require sub-millimeter fabrication and installation tolerances. This high precision is achieved using electrical discharge machined components, and alignment techniques employing rotary laser levels and a coordinate measurement machine. A 16-bit data acquisition system is used in conjunction with analog signal-processing to recover non-axisymmetric perturbations. Co-located radial and poloidal field measurements allow up to 14.2 cm spatial resolution of poloidal structures (plasma poloidal circumference is ~500 cm). The function of the new system is verified by comparing the rotating tearing mode structure, measured by 14 BP fluctuation sensors, with that measured by the upgraded B(R) saddle loop sensors after the mode locks to the vessel wall. The result is a nearly identical 2/1 helical eigenstructure in both cases.</P>
Control of plasma profiles in DIII-D discharges
Gohil, P,Evans, T E,Ferron, J R,Moyer, R A,Petty, C C,Burrell, K H,Casper, T A,Garofalo, A M,Hyatt, A W,Jayakumar, R J,Kessel, C,Kim, J Y,La Haye, R J,Lohr, J,Luce, T C,Makowski, M A,Mazon, D,Menard, Published jointly by The Institute of Physics and 2006 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.48 No.a5
<P>Active control of plasma profiles is an essential requirement for operating within plasma stability limits, for steady-state operation and for optimization of the plasma performance. In DIII-D, plasma profiles have been actively controlled using various actuators in the following manner: (a) real time closed loop control of the <I>q</I> profile evolution using electron cyclotron heating and neutral beam injection as actuators; (b) active control of the density and pressure profiles in quiescent H-mode and quiescent double barrier plasmas using electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and pellet injection; (c) active control of the edge profiles to suppress edge localized modes using resonant magnetic perturbation with toroidal mode number <I>n</I> = 3, (d) real time control of the current density profile to suppress neoclassical tearing modes using localized deposition of co-ECCD.</P>