USN에 사용되는 공기질 측정 센서의 보정방법

박덕신(Park Duckshin),조영민(Cho Young-Min),권순박(Kwon Soonbark),박병현(Park Byunghyun),박은영(Park Eunyoung) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

The emergence of sensor networks as one of the dominant technology trends in the coming decades. These networks are likely to be composed of hundreds, and potentially thousands of tiny sensor nodes, functioning autonomously, and in many cases, without access to renewable energy resources. Cost constraints and the need for ubiquitous, invisible deployments will result in small sized, resource-constrained sensor nodes. Ubiquitous sensor network(USN) module with 4 kinds of air quality monitoring sensors was developed for indoor environment monitoring system in subway stations. The module has various enlargement for various kinds of sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, CO₂ sensor, particulate sensor. To reduce the measurement error of sensors, we calibrated each sensor using standard gases and particles. The development wireless node is very convenient to be installed in the subway stations. USN is expected to be used for the cheap and easy way for indoor air quality monitoring.

Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds in Cow Dung Combustion

Park, Duckshin,Barabad, Mona L.,Lee, Gwangjae,Kwon, Soon-Bark,Cho, Youngmin,Lee, Duckhee,Cho, KiChul,Lee, Kiyoung American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.22

<P>Biomass fuel is used for cooking and heating, especially in developing countries. Combustion of biomass fuel can generate high levels of indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study characterized PM and VOC emissions from cow dung combustion in a controlled experiment. Dung from grass-fed cows was dried and combusted using a dual-cone calorimeter. Heat fluxes of 10, 25, and 50 kW/m<SUP>2</SUP> were applied. The concentrations of PM and VOCs were determined using a dust spectrometer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. PM and VOC emission factors were much higher for the lower heat flux, implying a fire ignition stage. When the heat flux was 50 kW/m<SUP>2</SUP>, the CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission factor was highest and the PM and VOC emission factors were lowest. Particle concentrations were highest in the 0.23–0.3 μm size range at heat fluxes of 25 and 50 kW/m<SUP>2</SUP>. Various toxic VOCs, including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and toluene, were detected at high concentrations. Although PM and VOC emission factors at 50 kW/m<SUP>2</SUP> were lower, they were high enough to cause extremely high indoor air pollution. The characteristics of PM and VOC emissions from cow dung combustion indicated potential health effects of indoor air pollution in developing countries.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-22/es402822e/production/images/medium/es-2013-02822e_0003.gif'></P>

Reduction of Particulate Matters Levels in Railway Cabins in Korea

Duckshin Park,Soonbark Kwon,Youngmin Cho,Eunyoung Park,Wootae Jeong,Kiyoung Lee 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives: High concentrations of airborne particulate matters (PM) can affect the health of passengers using public transportation. The objectives of this research were to develop a PM control system for a railway cabin and to evaluate the performance of the device under conditions of an actual journey. Methods: This study measured the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 simultaneously in a reference cabin and a cabin with the PM control device. Results: The average PM10 concentration in the reference cabin was 100 μg/m3, and the PM10 concentration in the cabin with the control device was 79 μg/m3. While the overall control efficiency of the control device was 15.4%, reduction was more effective for peak PM10 concentration. However, PM2.5 levels did not differ greatly between the reference cabin and the cabin with the control device. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was 0.37. PM10 concentrations in cabins were not associated with ambient concentrations, indicating that the main sources of PM10 were present in cabins. Additionally, average CO2 concentration in the cabins was 1,359 ppm, less than the maximum of 2,000 ppm set out by the Korean Ministry of Environment’s guideline. The CO2 concentration in cabins was significantly associated with the number of passengers: the in-cabin concentration = 23.4 × N + 460.2, where N is the number of passengers. Conclusions: Application of the PM control device can improve PM10 concentration, especially at peak levels but not PM2.5 concentration.

Method of removing Fe particulate matters from subway environments

Park, Jong-Hun,Park, Duckshin Science Publishing Group 2015 International journal of environmental monitoring Vol.3 No.1

<P> In subway environments, particulate matter is generated continuously by abrasion between wheels, rails and brake pads, and through contact between electric carlines and the pantograph. Particulate matter, 61-79% of which is composed of iron (Fe), is dispersed throughout subway stations, including platforms and waiting rooms, by train drafts. This study proposes a method for removal of Fe particulates from subway tunnels, which involves mounting magnetic dust collectors underneath operating subway trains. A mathematical model is developed to determine the size of dust collector needed and the minimum period required to remove all Fe particulate matter accumulated in subway tunnels. When the model was applied to Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 7, which has an operational duration of 20 years, it was estimated that up to 3 years would be required to remove accumulated particulate matter if two collectors were mounted on all subway trains. After removal of accumulated particulate matter, the overall concentration of particulate matter in the tunnel was shown to decrease by 61.6% when dust collectors were mounted on 50% of subway trains. </P>

Exposure assessment on the relationship between daily activity patterns and indoor air quality inuniversity buildings

Duckshin Park,JinKi Eom,KeunYul Yang,SoonBark Kwon,Wootae Jeong,KiChul Cho,InYoung Jeong,SungJoon Bae,Kiyoung Lee 환경독성보건학회 2013 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.10

Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matters and VOCs in Cow Dung Combustion

Duckshin Park,Hee Man Kim,Gwangjae Lee,Mona L. Barabad,Youngmin Cho,Sangwon Ko,Kiyoung Lee 환경독성보건학회 2013 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.10

Identification of the sources of PM₁₀ in a subway tunnel using positive matrix factorization

Park, Duckshin,Lee, Taejeong,Hwang, Doyeon,Jung, Wonseok,Lee, Yongil,Cho, KiChul,Kim, Dongsool,Lee, Kiyoung The Association 2014 Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Vol.64 No.12

<P> The level of particulate matter of less than 10 μm diameter (PM<SUB>10</SUB>) at subway platforms can be significantly reduced by installing a platform screen-door system. However, both workers and passengers might be exposed to higher PM<SUB>10</SUB> levels while the cars are within the tunnel because it is a more confined environment. This study determined the PM<SUB>10</SUB> levels in a subway tunnel, and identified the sources of PM<SUB>10</SUB> using elemental analysis and receptor modeling. Forty-four PM<SUB>10</SUB> samples were collected in the tunnel between the Gireum and Mia stations on Line 4 in metropolitan Seoul and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and ion chromatography. The major PM<SUB>10</SUB> sources were identified using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The average PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration in the tunnels was 200.8 ± 22.0 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>. Elemental analysis indicated that the PM<SUB>10</SUB> consisted of 40.4% inorganic species, 9.1% anions, 4.9% cations, and 45.6% other materials. Iron was the most abundant element, with an average concentration of 72.5 ± 10.4 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP>. The PM<SUB>10</SUB> sources characterized by PMF included rail, wheel, and brake wear (59.6%), soil combustion (17.0%), secondary aerosols (10.0%), electric cable wear (8.1%), and soil and road dust (5.4%). Internal sources comprising rail, wheel, brake, and electric cable wear made the greatest contribution to the PM<SUB>10</SUB> (67.7%) in tunnel air. Implications: With installation of a platform screen door, PM<SUB>10</SUB> levels in subway tunnels were higher than those on platforms. Tunnel PM<SUB>10</SUB> levels exceeded 150 μg/m<SUP>3</SUP> of the Korean standard for subway platform. Elemental analysis of PM<SUB>10</SUB> in a tunnel showed that Fe was the most abundant element. Five PM<SUB>10</SUB> sources in tunnel were identified by positive matrix factorization. Railroad-related sources contributed 68% of PM<SUB>10</SUB> in the subway tunnel. </P>

Effect of a fuel activation device (FAD) on particulate matter and black carbon emissions from a diesel locomotive engine

Park, Duckshin,Lee, Taejeong,Lee, Yongil,Jeong, Wonseog,Kwon, Soon-Bark,Kim, Dongsool,Lee, Kiyoung Elsevier BV 2017 Science of the Total Environment Vol.575 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Emission reduction is one of the most efficient control measures in fuel-powered locomotives. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) emissions following the installation of a fuel activation device (FAD). The FAD was developed to enhance fuel combustion by atomizing fuel and to increase the surface area per unit volume of injected fuel. Emission reduction by the FAD was evaluated by installing a FAD in an operating diesel locomotive in Mongolia. The test was conducted on a train operating on a round-trip 238-km route between Ulaanbaatar and Choir stations in Mongolia. The fuel consumption rate was slightly reduced following the FAD installation. The FAD installation decreased PM and BC emissions in the diesel locomotive, especially coarse PM. The PM<SUB>10</SUB> reductions achieved after FAD installation were 58.0, 69.7, and 34.2% for the constant velocity, stopping, and acceleration stages of the train's operation, respectively. The BC reduction rates were 29.5, 52.8, and 27.4% for the constant velocity, stopping, and acceleration stages, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The FAD was developed to enhance fuel combustion by increasing the surface area per unit volume of injected fuel. </LI> <LI> Emission reduction by the FAD was evaluated by installing a FAD in an operating diesel locomotive in Mongolia. </LI> <LI> Under all operating conditions, the reduction efficiency increased as the particle diameter increased. </LI> <LI> The FAD installation decreased PM and BC emissions from the diesel locomotives, especially for coarse PM. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Characterization of Particulate Matters and VOCs Emission in Biomass Combustion with Cone Calorimeter

Duckshin Park,Keun Yul Yang,ona L. Barabad,Youngmin Cho,Wootae Jeong,Soon-Bark kwon,Kiyoung Lee 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2

This study characterized PM and VOC emissions from cow dung combustion in a controlled experiment. Dung from grass-fed cows was dried and combusted using a dual cone calorimeter. Heat fluxes of 10, 25, and 50 kW/m² were applied. The concentrations of PM and VOCs were determined using a dust spectrometer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. PM and VOC emission factors were much higher for the lower heat flux, implying a fire ignition stage. When the heat flux was 50 kW/m², the CO₂ emission factor was highest and the PM and VOC emission factors were lowest. Particle concentrations were highest in the 0.23-0.3-μm size range at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m² and 50 kW/m². Various toxic VOCs including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and toluene were detected at high concentrations. Although PM and VOC emission factors at 50 kW/m² were lower, they were high enough to cause extremely high indoor air pollution. The characteristics of PM and VOC emissions from cow dung combustion indicated potential health effects of indoor air pollution in developing countries.

USN을 이용한 철도 역사에서의 환경모니터링

박덕신(Park Duckshin),조영민(Cho Young-Min),권순박(Kwon Soonbark),은성배(Eun Seongbae) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

The emergence of sensor networks as one of the dominant technology trends in the coming decades. These networks are likely to be composed of hundreds, and potentially thousands of tiny sensor nodes, functioning autonomously, and in many cases, without access to renewable energy resources. Cost constraints and the need for ubiquitous, invisible deployments will result in small sized, resource-constrained sensor nodes. Ubiquitous sensor network(USN) module with 4 kinds of air quality monitoring sensors was developed for indoor environment monitoring system in subway stations. The module has various enlargement for various kinds of sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, CO2 sensor, particulate sensor. To reduce the measurement error of sensors, we calibrated each sensor using standard gases and particles. The development wireless node is very convenient to be installed in the subway stations. USN is expected to be used for the cheap and easy way for indoor air quality monitoring.