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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Dong-Kuk Ahn (검색결과 175 건)
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이정헌,오기화,안동국,박재식 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.3
목적 : NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius)는 압감수성 반사 구심성 신경이 처음 시냅스를 형성하는 곳으로 동맥압 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. NTS에서 어떤 특정 물질이 동맥압 조절에 관여하는지는 정확히 밝혀지지는 않았지만, NTS에 존재하는 많은 물질들이 이들 과정에 관여하고 있다. 그중 하나인 GABA성 약물이 NTS에서 순환계에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 본 실험을 시행하였으며 아울러 반대편 NTS를 lidocaine으로 억제하였을 경우의 변화를 관찰하여 NTS에서 신경회로 일단을 밝히고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험동물은 체중 300-500g 되는 숫컷 Wistar쥐를 사용하였다. 동맥압 측정과 약물 주입을 위하여 대퇴 동정맥에 삽관하였다. 이어서 기관지절개술을 시행하였으며 체온을 36-37℃ 되게 열판을 이용하여 조절하였다. 쥐를 뇌 정위 고정 장치에 두고 머리를 45°숙여 NTS를 노출시킨 다음 약물을 10초간에 걸쳐 80nl주입하였다. 결과 : 인공 뇌척수액을 주입하면 동맥압의 변화가 거의 없었으나 동량의 GABA를 NTS에 주입하면 동맥압이 증가하였다. GABA에 의해 동맥압이 증가된 상태에서 반대측 NTS에 lidocaine을 주입하여 한쪽 기능을 억제시키면 동맥압이 더욱 증가하였다. 또한 lidocaine주입 후 반대쪽의 건전한 NTS에 GABA를 재차 주입하면 동맥압 증가가 적었다. 그리고 GABA를 NTS에 주입 후 정맥으로 nitroprusside를 주입하면 GABA 주입이 없는 대조군에 비해 동맥압 감소가 더 컸으며, lidocaine으로 마취하여 한쪽 NTS의 기능을 차단한 후 반대쪽 건전한 NTS에 GABA를 주입한 경우는 동맥압 감소가 적었다. 동일한 방법으로 lidocaine을 주입한 후 phenylephrine으로 승압을 시키면 동맥압 증가가 적었다. 압감수성 반사는 NTS에 GABA를 주입하거나 또는 반대편 NTS를 lidocaine으로 마취하여 기능을 억제시킨 경우에 둔화되었다. 결론: NTS에서 GABA가 동맥압의 조절 인자로 작용하며, 양쪽 NTS는 상호작용하고 있는 것으로 보인다. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the site of termination within the brain of baroreceptor afferent fibers, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of arterial pressure (AP). Many neuroactive substances present within the NTS have been shown to be involved in this process, although the manner in which any specific neurotransmitter acts physiologically in the regulation of AP has not been completely elucidated. The present study was intended to clarify the mechanism of action of GABA in the NTS and also to examine the cardiovascular response to inhibition of the contralateral NTS by lidocaine. Male Wistar rats weighing 300-500 g were employed for the experiment. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated to record the arterial pressure (AP) and to inject nitroprusside or phenylephrine, respectively. The tracheotomy was performed and body temperature was kept to 36-37℃. Rats were mounted in a stereotaxic frame with the head flexed downward to an angle of 45°. After the NTS was exposed. GABA or lidocaine was microinjected into the NTS in a volume of 80 nl over 10 seconds through a glass micropipette (outer diameter of the tip 50 ㎛) connected to a 1 ㎕ Hamilton microsyringe. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Microinjection of artificial CSF into the ipsilateral NTS did not alter basal AP. In contrast, microinjection of the same volume of GABA into the NTS produced a significant increase in the AP. The results presented thus far indicated that the volume injected did not affect AP. In animals with elevated AP by GABA injection, injection-of lidocaine into the contralateral NTS resulted in a further increase in AP. After the contralateral NTS was inhibited with lidocaine. injection of GABA into the NTS produced a less increase in AP. After microinjection of GABA into the NTS, the nitroprusside administered i.v. accentuated the increase of AP but not after microinjection of lidocaine into the contralateral NTS. Similar results were obtained with i.v. injection of phenylephrine after pretreatment of lidocaine into the NTS. The baroreflex sensitivity was reduced by microinjection of GABA into the NTS or microinjection of lidocaine into the contralateral NTS. These results suggest that alterations in GABA-mediated neural transmission in the NTS contribute to the regulation of AP and the NTS of both sides have a mutual interaction.
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Ahn, Dong-Kuk,Kim, Kyo-Han,Yang, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Hyung-Jin,Park, Jae-Sik,Lee, Won-Jung The Official Publication of Korean Academy of Oral 1996 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.20 No.1
This study was performed to investigate the mechanisms of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)-induced pain modulation in the orofacial area and a possible interrelationship between the antinociceptive and cardiovascular responses in rats. After 15 nM glutamate or 160 pM acetylcholine was microinjected into the NTS, arterial pressure was decreased in 57±3 and 45±2 mmHg, and heart rate was also decreased in 78±7 and 33±4 beats/min, respectively. Digastric electromyogram (dEMG) evoked by noxious electrical stimulation in the palatal mucosa was suppressed by the NTS application of glutamate to 20±4% of the control. However, aCSF and acetylcholine did not affect the dEMG. Pentolinium blocked the depressor response resulting from the microinjection of 15 nM glutamate into the NTS, but had no significant effect on the suppression of dEMG response to NTS stimulation. Methysergide and phentolamine, but not naloxone, significantly inhibited the suppression of dEMG response to microinjection of glutamate into the NTS. These results suggest that the NTS is effective in the modulation of nociceptive transmission in orofacial area and have an interrelationship between antinociception and cardiovascular responses. The NTS-induced antinociception seems to be mediated by serotonergic and adrenergic pathways but not by opioid pathway.
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Antinociceptive and Cardiovascular Responses to Chemical Stimulation in the Periaqueductal Gray
Ahn, Dong-Kuk The Official Publication of Korean Academy of Oral 1995 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.19 No.1
This study was performed to investigate the mechanisms of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) stimulation-produced pain modulation, and the interrelationship between the antinociceptive and cardiovascular responses. Wistar rats were anesthetized and mounted on a stereotaxic frame. Glutamate was microinjected in a volume of 0.4 ㎕ through an implanted cannula into the PAG. For pain assessment, jaw opening reflex induced by a noxious electrical stimulation in the left palatal mucosa was employed. Microinjection of 50 nM glutamate into the PAG decreased arterial pressure in 37±5 mmHg and heart rate in 42±12 beats/min, respectively, and suppressed digastric electomyogram(dEMG) to 23±6% of the control. Pentolinium, a ganglionic blocker, and naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, had no significant effect on the suppression of dEMG response to microinjection of glutamate into the PAG. However, methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, and phentolamine, α adrenergic receptor antagonist, significantly inhibited the suppression of dEMG response to the PAG application of glutamate. These results suggest that the PAG is involved in modulation of both nociception and cardiovascular functions. The PAG stimulation-produced antinociception seems to be mediated by serotonergic and adrenergic pathways but not by opioid pathway.
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Dong-Kuk Ahn,Yun-Sook Kim,Jae-Sik Park 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1998 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.2 No.6
<P> This study was performed to examine the mean arterial pressure and nociceptive jaw opening reflex after microinjection of glutamate into the amygdala in freely moving rats, and to investigate the mechanisms of antinociceptive action of amygdala. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg/kg, ip). A stainless steel guide cannula (26 gauge) was implanted in the amygdala and lateral ventricle. Stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted into each of the incisor pulp and anterior digastric muscle. Electrodes were led subcutaneously to the miniature cranial connector sealed on the top of the skull with acrylic resin. After 48 hours of recovery from surgery, mean arterial pressure and digastric electromyogram (dEMG) were monitored in freely moving rats. Electrical shocks (200 Ռsec duration, 0.5∼2 mA intensity) were delivered at 0.5 Hz to the dental pulp every 2 minutes. After injection of 0.35 M glutamate into the amygdala, mean arterial pressure was increased by 8⁑2 mmHg and dEMG was suppressed to 71⁑5% of the control. Injection of 0.7 M glutamate elevated mean arterial pressure by 25⁑5 mmHg and suppressed dEMG to 20⁑7% of the control. The suppression of dEMG were maintained for 30 minutes. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, inhibited the suppression of dEMG elicited by amygdaloid injection of glutamate from 28⁑4 to 68⁑5% of the control. Methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, also inhibited the suppression of dEMG from 33⁑5 to 79⁑4% of the control. However, phentolamine, an Ձ-adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not affect the suppression of dEMG. These results suggest that the amygdala can modulate both cardiovascular and nociceptive responses and that the antinociception of amygdala seems to be attributed to an augmentation of descending inhibitory influences on nociceptive pathways via serotonergic and opioid pathways.
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Ahn, Dong-Kuk,Kim, Yun-Sook,Park, Jae-Sik 경북대학교 병원 2001 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.1
This study was performed to examine the mean arterial pressure and nociceptive jaw opening reflex after microinjection of glutamate into the amygdala in freely moving rats, and to investgate the mechanism of natiociceptive action of amygdala. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(40㎎/㎏,ip).A stainless steel guide cannula(26 gauge) was implanted in the amygadal and lateral ventricle. Stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted into each of the incisor pulp and anterior digastric muscle.Electrodes were led subcutaneously to the miniature cranial connector sealed on the top of the skull with acrylic resin. After 48 hours of recovery from surgery, mean artial pressure and digastic electromyogram (dEMG)were monitired in freely moving rats. Electrical shocks(200 μsec duration, 0.5∼2㎃ intensity) were delivered at 0.5㎐ to the dental pulp every 2 minitutes.After injrectionof 0.35 M glutamate into the amygdala, mean arterial pressure was increased by 8±2mmHg and dEMG was suppressed to 71±5% of the control. Injection of 0.7 M glutamate elevated mean arterial pressure by 25±5 mmHg and suppressed dEMG to 20±7% of the control. The suppression of dEMG were maintained for 30 minutes. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, inhibited the suppression of dEMG elicited by amygdaloid injection of glutamate from 28±4 to 68±5% of the control. Methysergide,a serotonin receptor antagonist, also inhibited the suppression of dEMG from 33±5 to 79±4% of the control.However, phentolamine, an α- adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not affect the suppression of dEMG. These results suggest that the amygdala can modulate both cardiovascular and nociceptive responses and that the antiociception of amygdala seems to be attributed to an augmentation of descending inhibitory influences on nociceptive pathways via serotongergic and opioid pathways.
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A Mixed SOC Estimation Algorithm with High Accuracy in Various Driving Patterns of EVs
Dong-Jin Lim,Jung-Hoon Ahn,Dong-Hee Kim,Byoung Kuk Lee 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1
In this paper, a mixed algorithm is proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional algorithms, which cannot be applied in various driving patterns of drivers. The proposed algorithm based on the coulomb counting method is mixed with reset algorithms that consist of the enhanced OCV reset method and the DCIR iterative calculation method. It has many advantages, such as a simple model structure, low computational overload in various profiles, and a low accumulated SOC error through the frequent SOC reset. In addition, the enhanced parameter based on a mathematical analysis of the second-order RC ladder model is calculated and is then applied to all of the methods. The proposed algorithm is verified by experimental results based on a 27-Ah LiPB. It is observed that the SOC RMSE of the proposed algorithm decreases by about 9.16% compared to the coulomb counting method.
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