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- 저자 : Dong Nyung Lee (검색결과 276 건)
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이동녕,김기범,최창희,이효종,민석홍 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.10
The microstructural evolution of Cu films deposited by electroplating was investigated with the variation of the deposition rate from 0.1 ㎛/min to 3 ㎛/min by using a copper sulfate solution. Electrodeposition of copper was conducted on 0.1 ㎛ or 0.5 ㎛ thick copper seed layer deposited by sputtering process. The growth characteristics were investigated by monitoring the surface microstructure, electrical resistivity and chemical composition. The feasibility of electroplating process for ultra-large-scale integration(ULSI) metallization scheme was demonstrated through preferred crystallographic growth direction, resistivity and step coverage. The uniform Cu film was successfully electroplated at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min and its continuous growth on the copper seed layer was observed in every specimen. The resistivity of as-deposited copper film made at deposition rates from 0.5 to 3 ㎛/min was about 2.5μΩ-㎝ and subsequent annealing in a vacuum at 200℃ for 2 min reduced it to 2.3μΩ-㎝.
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嚴殷奭,李東寧,林垠美 대한한의학회 부인과학회 2001 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate the various postpartum symptoms, and provide fundamental data about postpartum health care. The subjects of the present study were 148 women (74 women who completed vaginal delivery and 74 women who delivered by cesarean section) who completed labor between January 1 and June 30, 1999, at the department of OB & GYN in Dong-Inchon Gil Hospital. We investigated the various symptoms which occurred from the moment of hospital discharge to 5 months after parturition, and examined the frequency of symptoms. Then we systemically classified the symptoms. Next, we subdivided the major categories of symptoms. After that, we classified the symptoms by the age of patients, the obstetric history of patients, and the method of delivery. Finally we compared the symptoms of these results and the standard textbook (Textbook of Oriental Gynecology edited by Byoung-Key Song, 1994). The results of this investigation were summarized as follows: 1. Systemic classification of various postpartum symptoms: (1) Nervous and psychiatric symptoms accounted for 14.2% of the postpartum symptoms; (2) circulatory symptoms, for 23.7%; (3) respiratory symptoms, for 7%; (4) gastrointestinal symptoms, for 10%; (5) musculoskeletal symptoms, for 7.3% of which waist and hip joint accounted for 33% of the arthralgia; knee joint, for 25%; wrist joint, for 13.7%; (6) urinary symptoms, for 2.7%; (7) reproductive symptoms, for 23.3%; (8) the rest, for 11.8%. 2. Subdivision the major categories of various postpartum symptoms: (1) Discomfort at the incision site accounted for 92.6% of the 148 women; (2) increase of sweating, for 77%; (3) arthralgia, for 66.9%; (4) common cold, for 63.5%; (5) hair loss, for 62.2%; (6) dizziness, for 52.7%; (7) depression, for 47.3%; (8) toothache, for 43.2%; (9) coldness of the extremities and lower abdomen, for 37.8%; (10) edema, for 37.2%. 3. There were no remarkable differences in the frequency of symptoms according to the age of patients, the obstetric history of patients, and the method of delivery. 4. We observed some symptoms not mentioned in the textbook. On the other hand, we did not observe some of the textbook symptoms. Thus, if we continue investigation about various postpartum symptoms by other methods (incidence duration, symptoms' degree, etc) and compare with the textbook, we can update the textbook. There will be significant data which are helpful for diagnosis and oriental medical treatment of the patient after parturition.
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Directed Growth of Ferrite in Austenite and Kurdjumov-Sachs Orientation Relationship
Lee, Dong Nyung,Han, Heung Nam Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2012 Materials science forum Vol.715 No.-
<P>The solid phase transformation of a metastable phase into a stable phase needs the activation energy. The energy is usually supplied in the form of thermal energy. When the nucleation takes place, the strain energy may develop in the metastable matrix and the stable nucleus. The strain energy can result from differences in density of the nucleus and matrix and the lattice mismatch between the nucleus and matrix. The stable-metastable interface region has the highest strain-energy density in the maximum Youngs modulus direction of the stable phase. Accordingly, the growth rate of the stable phase is the highest in its highest Youngs modulus directions. As the transformation temperature decreases, the strain energy contribution increases and the growth rate anisotropy is likely to increase. When austenite transforms into ferrite at low temperatures, the directed growth of ferrite is observed as forms of Widmanstätten ferrite plates and acicular ferrite plates. The maximum growth direction of ferrite is along the maximum Youngs modulus direction of ferrite, <111>α, and the broad interfaces are parallel to the maximum growth direction and formed so that they minimizes the shear strain energy in the interface layer. The directed growth results in the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship between austenite and ferrite, <111>α//<110>γand {110}α//{111}γ.</P>
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Orientation Relationships between Directionally Grown Precipitates and their Parent Phases in Steels
Lee, Dong Nyung,Han, Heung Nam Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2012 Materials science forum Vol.706 No.-
<P>There are four prominent orientation relationships (ORs) between directionally grown precipitates and their parent phases in steel. They are ORs between ferrite precipitate and parent austenite (the Kurdjumov and Sachs OR), between orthorhombic cementite precipitate and parent austenite (the Pitsch OR), between cementite precipitate and parent ferrite (the Bagaryatski OR) and between hexagonal molybdenum carbide precipitate and parent ferrite (the Dyson<I>et al.</I>OR). The directed precipitation occurs at low transformation temperatures. The ORs have been explained by the directed growth model. The solid phase transformation of a metastable phase into a stable phase needs the activation energy. The energy is usually supplied in the form of thermal energy. When the nucleation takes place, the strain energy may develop in the stable nucleus and the metastable matrix. The strain energy can result from a difference in density between the nucleus and matrix and the lattice mismatch along the nucleus:matrix interface. The fundamental concept of the model is that the maximum growth rate of precipitate is along the direction that generates the maximum strain energy and the interface energy is minimized. The four ORs are determined, based on the concept, such that the mismatch along the interface between the minimum shear modulus planes of precipitate and its parent phase that are parallel to the maximum Young’s modulus direction of the precipitate is minimized.</P>
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Dong Nyung Lee,Heung Nam Han 한국소성가공학회 2011 기타자료 Vol.2011 No.8
It is known that the limiting drawing ratio of sheet metals is proportional to their plastic strain ratios, and the plastic strain ratios of fcc and bcc metal sheets increase with increasing 〈111〉//ND component in their textures. Conventional cold rolling and subsequent annealing of fcc metals cannot give rise to the 〈111〉//ND component. Specifically, the cold rolling texture of polycrystalline fcc metals is characterized by the fiber connecting the {112}〈111〉, {123}〈634〉, and{011}〈211〉 orientations in the Euler space, which is often called the β-fiber. The density of each component in the fiber depends on the stacking fault energy of metals. The {112}〈111〉 and {123}〈634〉 textured Al alloy sheets evolve the {001}〈100〉 texture, when recrystallized. The low plastic strain ratios of the Al alloy sheets are attributed to the {001}〈100〉 texture. The 〈111〉//ND texture can be obtained in shear deformed fcc sheets. Bcc steels develop the 〈111〉//ND texture when cold rolled and recrystallized. However, the density of 〈111〉//ND depends on the content of dissolved interstitial elements such as carbon and nitrogen. The density of the 〈111〉//ND component decreases with increasing concentration of the dissolved interstitial elements. For a given steel, the density of the 〈111〉//ND component can vary with varying thermomechanical treatment. Magnesium alloy sheets are subjected to sheet forming processes at temperatures of 200℃ or higher because of their basal plane texture, or the 〈0002〉//ND orientation. Many studies have been made to alleviate the component so that the magnesium alloy sheets can have better formability. In this article, the above issues are briefly reviewed and discussed.
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Lee, Dong Nyung,Ryu, Jong Ho,Lee, Yoon Soo 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.3
The texture of an AA 8011 aluminum alloy sheet cold rolled by 95% showed a typical β-fiber, which runs from the copper orientation [C={112}$lt;111$gt;] over S [{123}$lt;634$gt;] to brass [B={011}$lt;112$gt;]. The development of annealing textures depended on annealing temperatures due to the interaction between precipitation and recrystallization. Upon annealing at a low temperature of 275℃, precipitation took place before recrystallization. This led to a weak recrystallization texture consisting of {011}$lt;122$gt;, {001}$lt;100$gt;, and {hk0}$lt;001$gt;, among which the {011}$lt;122$gt; orientation developed near large FeAl₃ particles as the main orientation and the cube [{001}$lt;100$gt;] orientation originating from the matrix was relatively weak. After annealing at 350 and 500℃, a strong cube texture developed along with a weak {011}$lt;122$gt; orientation. When the cube orientation developed, the copper orientation disappeared most rapidly. These results were discussed based on the interaction between precipitation and recrystallization.
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