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Spin- and Spray-Deposited Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells
Kim, Sungsoo,Yim, Jonghyuk,Wang, Xuhua,Bradley, Donal D.C.,Lee, Soonil,deMello, John C. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.14
<P>Organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells using thin-film single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWCNT) anodes deposited on glass are reported. Two types of SWCNT films are investigated: spin-coated films from dichloroethane (DCE), and spray-coated films from deionized water using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) as the surfactant. All of the films are found to be mechanically robust, with no tendency to delaminate from the underlying substrate during handling. Acid treatment with HNO<SUB>3</SUB> yields high conductivities >1000 S cm<SUP>−1</SUP> for all of the films, with values of up to 7694 ± 800 S cm<SUP>−1</SUP> being obtained when using SDS as the surfactant. Sheet resistances of around 100 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP> are obtained at reasonable transmission, for example, 128 ± 2 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP> at 90% for DCE, 57 ± 3 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP> at 65% for H<SUB>2</SUB>O:SDS, and 68 ± 5 Ω sq<SUP>−1</SUP> at 70% for H<SUB>2</SUB>O:SDBS. Solar cells are fabricated by successively coating the SWCNT films with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS), a blend of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxy-carbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C<SUB>61</SUB> (PCBM), and LiF/Al. The resultant devices have respective power conversions of 2.3, 2.2 and 1.2% for DCE, H<SUB>2</SUB>O:SDS and H<SUB>2</SUB>O:SDBS, with the first two being at a virtual parity with reference devices using ITO-coated glass as the anode (2.3%).</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Organic solar cells based on spin- and spray-coated single walled carbon nanotube anodes are reported, using a blend of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxy-carbonyl)- propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM) as the active layer, and LiF/Al as the thermally evaporated top contact. The devices are shown to have comparable performance characteristics to conventional devices based on indium-tin-oxide-coated glass. <img src='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM200902369-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/1616301X-2010-20-14-ADFM200902369-content'> </P>
김영규,Donal D. C. Bradley 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.3
Bright red polymer light-emitting devices were fabricated with blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) andpoly(9,9-dioctyluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) as an emission layer. The blend lms that had more than 10 wt.% P3HTexhibit high device luminance (>10,000 cd/m2) and eciency (1.8 cd/A), consistent with a relatively large F??orster radius for energytransfer from F8BT to P3HT. The emission colour was close to red but with a small orange component (CIEx ¼ 0:64,y ¼ 0:36).Eective blocking of electrons and excitons by inserting a blocking layer is expected to be necessary to achieve an electrolumi-nescence eciency commensurate with the photoluminescence quantum eciency of the blend lms (>17%)..
Organic phototransistors with nanoscale phase-separated polymer/polymer bulk heterojunction layers
Hwang, Hyemin,Kim, Hwajeong,Nam, Sungho,Bradley, Donal D. C.,Ha, Chang-Sik,Kim, Youngkyoo Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Nanoscale Vol.3 No.5
<P>Low-cost detectors for sensing photons at a low light intensity are of crucial importance in modern science. Phototransistors can deliver better signals of low-intensity light by electrical amplification, but conventional inorganic phototransistors have a limitation owing to their high temperature processes in vacuum. In this work, we demonstrate organic phototransistors with polymer/polymer bulk heterojunction blend films (mixtures of p-type and n-type semiconducting polymers), which can be fabricated by inexpensive solution processes at room temperature. The key idea here is to effectively exploit hole charges (from p-type polymer) as major signaling carriers by employing p-type transistor geometry, while the n-type polymer helps efficient charge separation from excitons generated by incoming photons. Results showed that the present organic transistors exhibited proper functions as p-type phototransistors with ∼4.3 A W<SUP>−1</SUP> responsivity at a low light intensity (1 µW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>), which supports their encouraging potential to replace conventional cooled charge coupled devices (CCD) for low-intensity light detection applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Polymer phototransistors with nanoscale phase-separated P3HT/F8BT bulk heterojunction channels exhibited 4.3 A W<SUP>−1</SUP> responsivity at a low light intensity. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0nr00915f'> </P>
Hyemi Han,Sungho Nam,Jooyeok Seo,Jaehoon Jeong,Hwajeong Kim,Bradley, Donal D. C.,Youngkyoo Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electro Vol.22 No.1
<P>All-polymer phototransistors were fabricated using both glass and flexible plastic film substrates by employing bulk heterojunction channel layers of p-type polymer (P3HT) and n-type polymer (THBT-ht). The devices could detect the entire visible light because the n-type polymer could sense photons in the deep red parts (>650 nm). The responsivity of devices was higher at the lower light intensity, while it could be controlled by varying the gate and/or drain voltages. Similar performances were measured for flexible all-polymer phototransistors with a bottomsource/drain and top-gate electrode configuration.</P>
Nam, Sungho,Seo, Jooyeok,Han, Hyemi,Kim, Hwajeong,Bradley, Donal D. C.,Kim, Youngkyoo American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.17
<P>Here we demonstrate deep red light-sensing all-polymer phototransistors with bulk heterojunction layers of poly[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)-oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]-thiophenediyl] (PTB7) and poly[[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD-T2)). The device performances were investigated by varying the incident light intensity of the deep red light (675 nm), while the signal amplification capability was examined by changing the gate and drain voltages. The result showed that the present all-polymer phototransistors exhibited higher photoresponsivity (similar to 14 A/W) and better on/off photoswitching characteristics than the devices with the pristine polymers under illumination with the deep red light. The enhanced phototransistor performances were attributed to the well-aligned nanofiber-like morphology and nanocrystalline P(NDI2OD-T2) domains in the blend films, which are beneficial for charge separation and charge transport in the in-plane direction.</P>