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Thin films of size-selected Mo clusters: growth modes and structures
Dollinger, Andreas,Park, Eun Ji,Strobel, Christoph H.,Bleuel, Hannes,Marsteller, Alexander,Seo, Hyun Ook,Kim, Young Dok,Gantefö,r, Gerd The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.32
<P>Thin films of MoO<SUB>3</SUB> were prepared by deposition of size-selected ligand-free Mo clusters under high vacuum conditions and subsequent exposure to air. The growth pattern is highly dependent on the cluster size. At low coverage, small clusters (Mo<SUB>51</SUB>) form a continuous monolayer of fused particles. On top of this monolayer, additional clusters survive as individual entities. Medium sized clusters (Mo<SUB>251</SUB> and Mo<SUB>1253</SUB>) do not coalesce and form a monolayer of clusters. Close examination using <I>in situ</I> scanning tunneling microscopy reveals a local order of the particles. At higher coverage a new pattern of large 3-dimensional aggregations of clusters (pylons) appears. The pylons are not formed under high vacuum conditions. Their formation is most likely caused by the air exposure. For the largest clusters (Mo<SUB>3349</SUB>) studied here, no monolayer is formed. Instead, the clusters are randomly distributed as expected for particles with zero mobility. These results demonstrate the high potential of cluster deposition for the production of new types of nanostructured surfaces, thin films and nanomaterials.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The growth pattern of film highly depends on cluster size. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp03147h'> </P>
Dollinger, A.,Strobel, C.H.,Bleuel, H.,Seo, H.O.,Park, E.J.,Kim, Y.D.,Gantefor, G. Elsevier 2015 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.15 No.9
Mass-selected W cluster anions in the size range of 20-3500 are deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. The structures of resulting thin films are studied using atomic force microscopy. Clusters with more than ~600 atoms form thin films, in which the clusters are not completely merged but survive as individual species to a certain extent. The new class of materials fabricated here (cluster-assemblies) has a potential for applications in heterogeneous catalysis and in optoelectronic devices. In addition, they are interesting from the perspective of basic research.
Size-selected gold clusters on porous titania as the most “gold-efficient” heterogeneous catalysts
Dollinger, Andreas,Stolch, Lukas,Luo, Yuan,Beck, Martin,Strobel, Christoph H.,Hagner, Matthias,Dilger, Stefan,Bein, Malin,Polarz, Sebastian,Gantefoer, Gerd F.,Kim, Young-Dok,Proch, Sebastian The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.22
<P>Research on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis is indeed convergent and finds subnanometric particles to be at the heart of catalytically active species. Here, monodisperse gold clusters are deposited from the gas phase onto porous titania generating well-defined model systems and the resulting composite materials exhibit a sharp size-dependency on the number of gold atoms per cluster and exceptionally high-turnovers toward the bromination of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene are observed. This indicates that the deliberate generation of active centres is of utmost importance for the creation of the most “gold-efficient” catalysts.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Size-selected gold clusters on titania present highly efficient solution phase catalysts for bromination with NBS reaching TONs of enzymes. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp00597j'> </P>
Andreas Dollinger,Christoph H. Strobel,Hannes Bleuel,서현욱,박은지,김영독,Gerd Gantef€or 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.9
Mass-selected W cluster anions in the size range of 20e3500 are deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces. The structures of resulting thin films are studied using atomic force microscopy. Clusters with more than ~600 atoms form thin films, in which the clusters are not completely merged but survive as individual species to a certain extent. The new class of materials fabricated here (cluster-assemblies) has a potential for applications in heterogeneous catalysis and in optoelectronic devices. In addition, they are interesting from the perspective of basic research.
Tang, X.,Schneider, J.,Dollinger, A.,Luo, Y.,Wö,rz, A. S.,Judai, K.,Abbet, S.,Kim, Y. D.,Gantefö,r, G. F.,Fairbrother, D. H.,Heiz, U.,Bowen, K. H.,Proch, S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.14
<P>Recent research in heterogeneous catalysis, especially on size-selected model systems under UHV conditions and also in realistic catalytic environments, has proved that it is necessary to think in terms of the exact number of atoms when it comes to catalyst design. This is of utmost importance if the amount of noble metal, gold in particular, is to be reduced for practical reactions like CO oxidation. Here it is shown that on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> only Au<SUB>6</SUB> and Au<SUB>7</SUB> clusters are active for CO oxidation which holds for the single crystal, thin films, and titania clusters deposited on HOPG. Size-selected cluster deposition and TPD methods have been employed to investigate the CO oxidation activity of Au<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> systems which are compared to recent results reported by Lee <I>et al.</I> to form a consistent picture in which only two species can be regarded as “active”. The efficiency of investigated Au<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>/(TiO<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>93</SUB>/HOPG composite materials is attributed to carbon-assisted oxygen spillover from gold to support particles and across grain boundaries.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The probability of creating CO oxidation-active species on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is very small since only Au<SUB>6</SUB> and Au<SUB>7</SUB> are catalytically active. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp00160e'> </P>
Control validation of Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4 Vehicle Using a Reduced-scale Power HIL Simulation
Tony Letrouve,Walter Lhomme,Alain, Bouscayrol,Nicolas Dollinger 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.5
The new engineering challenges lead to a control of a vehicle more and more complex. To tackle this issue, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is used in the development of real-time embedded systems. In this paper, the control of a double parallel hybrid vehicle is validated using a reduced power HIL simulation. A graphical description is used in order to organize the emulation and control. Some experimental results of a versatile testbed are given for the Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4.
Control validation of Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4 Vehicle Using a Reduced-scale Power HIL Simulation
Letrouve, Tony,Lhomme, Walter,Bouscayrol, Alain,Dollinger, Nicolas The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.5
The new engineering challenges lead to a control of a vehicle more and more complex. To tackle this issue, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is used in the development of real-time embedded systems. In this paper, the control of a double parallel hybrid vehicle is validated using a reduced power HIL simulation. A graphical description is used in order to organize the emulation and control. Some experimental results of a versatile testbed are given for the Peugeot $3{\infty}8$ HYbrid4.