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Dokyum Kim,Hyunil Jo,Young-Woo Heo,Jeong-Joo Kim,Joon-Hyung Lee 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2018 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.27 No.6
An amorphous In-Sn-Zn-O (ITZO) thin film has high electrical properties and is less prone to cracking in repeated bending, which is advantageous for application to flexible display panels. When ITZO sputtering target is sintered at high temperatures, the original compositions often deviate from the stoichiometry due to volatilization of In, Sn and Zn. In order to minimize the evaporation, targets have been sintered in high oxygen atmospheres. We investigate the volatile-induced compositional deviation of the ITZO samples after sintering. An electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) depth profile of the composition and thermogravimetric weight loss at high temperature were analyzed. The results showed that the sintering of ITZO at high oxygen partial pressure is very effective to suppress the volatilization of In, Sn, and Zn. The electrical and optical characteristics of the ITZO thin films are also analyzed.
Secular trends in cesarean sections and risk factors in South Korea (2006-2015)
( Ho Yeon Kim ),( Dokyum Lee ),( Jinsil Kim ),( Eunjin Noh Bachelor ),( Ki-hoon Ahn ),( Soon-cheol Hong ),( Hai-joong Kim ),( Min-jeong Oh ),( Geum Joon Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.4
Objective This study aimed to investigate trends in the rate of cesarean sections (CSs) in South Korea from 2006 to 2015 and identify the risk factors associated with these changes. Methods Using the National Health Insurance Corporation dataset, all women who gave birth between 2006 and 2015 were included in the study. We investigated 1) the mode of delivery, 2) the complication rates during pregnancy (i.e., preeclampsia and placenta previa), and 3) pre-pregnancy factors (body mass index, hypertension [HTN], diabetes mellitus [DM], and other pre-existing medical conditions), and their trends during the study period. Results Over 10 years, the rate of CS increased from 36.3% in 2006 to 40.6% in 2015 (P<0.01). The rate of CS increased in primiparous women, women with multiple pregnancy, and women with preeclampsia. Maternal age and the incidence of placenta previa also increased. In contrast, the rate of vacuum deliveries and vaginal birth after CS decreased during the study period. The rate of women with pre-pregnancy obesity and DM increased, but the rate of women with pre-pregnancy HTN decreased. Conclusion The rate of CS in South Korea increased from 2006 to 2015. This trend may reflect changes in the rate of different risk factors. Identifying the causes of the increasing CS trend observed in this study will allow clinicians to monitor these factors and possibly reduce the rate of CS.
Menopausal hormone therapy and fracture risk in Korean population
( Ikjin Chang ),( Dokyum Lee ),( Sun Young Yang ),( Yong Jin Kim ),( Jung Ho Shin ),( Jun Yong Huh ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-
Objective: We aimed to assess the fracture risk among contemporary menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) users in Korean. Methods: A nationwide Korean population-based cohort study including all 143,194 women aged 45 years having used systemic MHT during the study period (Jan 2003 and Dec 2006), compared with the Korean female background population. MHT ever-use (all MHT, estrogen-only MHT [E-MHT] and estrogen plus progestin MHT [EP-MHT]) and fracture diagnoses were based on the nationwide Health insurance review & assessment service. For fracture diagnoses, standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The SIR of femur neck fracture was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.98) following ever MHT, 0.95 (95% CI: 0.69-1.30) for E-MHT and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.14-0.55) for EP-MHT and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.98) for livial and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68-1.11) for EP-MHT (except livial). The lowest SIR was found for EP-MHT (including livial) among users aged 55~65 years (SIR Z 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03-1.31). The risk of spine facture was decreased following EP-MHT (SIR Z 0.85, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11). The SIR of total fracture (femur neck, spine, wrist) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68-1.00) following EP-MHT. Conclusion: MHT, especially EP-MHT, was associated with a decrease in total fracture risk.