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Diem Thi NgocHuynh,허경선 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.12
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferationand migration are critical events that contribute to thepathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,restenosis, and hypertension. Recent fi ndings have revealedthat VSMC phenotype switching is associated with metabolicswitch, which is related to the role of mitochondria. Mitochondrial dynamics are directly associated with mitochondrialfunction and cellular homeostasis. Interestingly,it has been suggested that mitochondrial dynamics andmitophagy play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMCproliferation and migration through various mechanisms. Especially, dynamin-related protein-1 and mitofusion-2are two main molecules that play a key role in regulatingmitochondrial dynamics to induce VSMC proliferationand migration. Therefore, this review describes the functionand role of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy inVSMC homeostasis as well as the underlying mechanisms. This will provide insight into the development of innovativeapproaches to treat atherosclerosis.
Effect of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Macrophage Inflammation-Mediated Liver Damage
Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh, Thuy Le Lam Nguyen, Kyung-Sun Heo 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2021 藥學論文集 Vol.36 No.-
Ginsenosides have been reported to display diverse pharmacological effects, such as immune regulation and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of a combination of ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 (G-Rg2 and -Rh1) on macrophages and liver function during septic shock induced by lip-opolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro experiments were performed using RAW264.7 cell line, and an in vivo model of inflammation was established using LPS-treated ICR mice. We assessed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphe- nyltetrazolium bromide assay, Western blot analysis, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the effect of G-Rg2 and -Rh1. We found that G-Rg2 and -Rh1 significantly inhibited LPS-caused nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation in macrophages. Moreover, the combination treatment strongly abolished the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta induced by LPS in both RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation increased by LPS was dose-dependently decreased by G-Rg2 and -Rh1 treatment. Notably, the 20 mg/kg ginsenoside treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced acute liver inflammation levels in vivo, as indicated by the histological changes in liver tissue sections and the levels of aspartate transaminase, a biochemical marker for liver function from mouse serum. Taken together, our data demonstrated that G-Rg2 and -Rh1 exerted a key role in prevention of LPS-induced acute inflammation and liver damage by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated STAT1 activation through the inhibition of NF-κB acti- vation in macrophages.
Diem Ngoc Hong Tran,I-Hsuan Hwang,Fun-Jou Chen,Yuan-Pu Tseng,Ching-Mao Chang,Shih-Jen Tsai,Jen-Lin Yang,Ta-Peng Wu,Chung-Hua Hsu,Fang-Pey Chen,Yen-Ying Kung 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.3
Background: Depressive disorders (DD) affect not only mood and behavior but also various physical functions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have some benefits in treating DD. However, one formula or one single herb might be not show high efficacy when used to treat depression. Thus, this study aimed to examine the core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) among patients with DD in Taiwan as a reference for related research and clinical applications. Methods: All patients, who had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder or minor depression or dysthymia without any other baseline diseases and had at least one CHM outpatient clinical visit from 2002 to 2011, were extracted from three randomly sampled cohorts, namely the 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. The collected data was analyzed to explore the patterns of herbal products. Results: There were 197,146 patients with a diagnosis of DD and of these 1806 subjects had only a diagnosis of DD and utilized CHM. The most common formula was Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang (12.19%), while Suan-Zao-Ren (3.99%) was the most commonly prescribed single herb. The core pattern of prescriptions consisted of a combination of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang, He-Huan-Pi, Yuan-Zhi and Shi-Chang-Pu. Conclusions: This study describes the CHM core prescription pattern used to treat patients in Taiwan with DD and it is a potential candidate for study in future pharmacological or clinical trials targeting DD.
Therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases
Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh,Kyung‑Sun Heo 대한약학회 2019 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.42 No.10
Vascular endothelial cells are located on thesurface of the blood vessels. It has been recognized as animportant barrier to the regulation of vascular homeostasisby regulating the blood flow of micro- or macrovascular vessels. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction is an initial stage ofvascular diseases and is an important prognostic indicatorof cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension, heart failure, or diabetes. Therefore, inorder to develop therapeutic targets for vascular diseases, itis important to understand the key factors involved in maintainingendothelial function and the signaling pathwaysaffecting endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this reviewis to describe the function and underlying signaling pathwayof oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, shear stress, andepigenetic factors in endothelial dysfunction, and introducerecent therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovasculardiseases.
Enhancing photoluminescence of Au – TiO₂ nanoparticles using Drude model
Diem Thi-Xuan Dang,Thi Hanh Thu Vu 한국전기전자학회 2017 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3
The enhancement of photoluminescence of Au-TiO₂ nanoparticles by surface plasmon resonance has been studied extensively by experiment in recent years. For the purpose of optimizing the photoluminescence property of Au-TiO₂ nanoparticles, the manufacturing parameters related to the Au nanoparticles and TiO₂ nanoparticles need to be considered. In this paper, Drude model and Maier"s effective volume method are used to analyze the variation of the metal nanoparticle radius, separation between metal nanoparticle and dielectric molecule, and total absorption cross-section with original radiative efficiency on the photoluminescence property of Au-TiO₂ nanoparticles. The results show that to obtain the optimized enhancement factor for photoluminescence process, the size of Au nanoparticle is about 13 − 20 nm , the separation between Au nanoparticle and TiO2 molecule is about 5 −15 nm , the total absorption cross-section of TiO₂ molecules is about 1−100 nm2 and the original radiative efficiency of TiO₂ molecule is weak about 0.001− 0.1 . With these fabrication parameters, the photoluminescence property of Au-TiO₂ nanoparticles can be enhanced several thousand times compared to traditional TiO₂ nanoparticles.