Novel core–shell structure of a lead-activated carbon (Pb@AC) for advanced lead–acid battery systems

Dhanabalan, K.,Sadhasivam, T.,Kim, S. C.,Eun, J. J.,Shim, J.,Jeon, D.,Roh, S. H.,Jung, H. Y. Chapman and Hall 2017 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol. No.

<P>To enhance the power and energy densities of advanced lead-acid batteries (Ad-LAB), a novel core-shell structure of lead-activated carbon (Pb@AC) was prepared and used as a negative electrode active material. The AC could be formed as a shell around a core of Pb nanoparticles. The active core-shell structures were synthesized using a simple chemical process to overcome the limitations in the negative Pb electrode, specifically the large crystallization of lead sulfate (PbSO4) that leads to a short cycle life. The key role of the carbon material in the negative electrode is to enhance the electrochemical performances and decrease the formation of PbSO4. The X-ray diffraction study reveals that the formation of lead oxide was prevented by the AC during the synthetic process. The novel core-shell structure of Pb@AC was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy. In order to obtain high-performance Ad-LAB, a high surface area of the AC is necessary to provide a super capacitive effect in the negative electrode. The unit cell performance of the as-prepared active materials exhibits significant increased discharge capacity at 1C rate. The unit cell with the Pb@AC negative electrode has a capacity per unit volume of 0.0165 Ah/cc. Hence, the low cost of AC and the simple synthetic core-shell structure of Pb@AC make this material a promising negative electrode active material for Ad-LAB applications.</P>

Synthesis of core-shell structure of lead carbon materials for energy storage system

( Karmegam Dhanabalan ),임민화,박미정,문건오,노현준,( Sadhasivam Thangarasu ),정호영 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

The core shell structure of lead- activated carbon synthesised through chemical methods. The lead (Pb) can be a core of functions. Activated carbon have been covered lead metal as a shell. The lead-activated carbon (Pb-Ac) core-shell structure is effective applications for negative electrode in the leadacid and ultra battery applications. The activated carbon have a role of preventing lead particles growth and oxidation of lead metal. In order to get high capatance on the negative electrode , activaled carbon could be used. This types of structure have large charge acceptance and slow polarization of negative electrode in the lead-acid battery. Core-shell type might be highly applicable to ultra battery for increase capactiance of energy staorage system.

URFC용 고내구성 유-무기 복합고분자 막의 제조

K. Dhanabalan,정호영 한국막학회 2017 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.11

An advanced organic-inorganic polymer composite membranes are synthesized to enhance chemical stability for the application of unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs). In order to improve chemical stability of polymer membrane, organic polymer is composed with inorganic materials for long-term operation of URFC. By addition of inorganic polymer, chemical stability of polymer membrane has highly increased. However, higher concentration of inorganic particles may lead to brittleness in polymer membrane. Therefore, the optimization of inorganic materials in polymer membrane is a crucial for the preparation of polymer membrane with high chemical stability in URFC.

고온용 고분자 전해질 막의 친환경자동차 적용 가능성

K. Dhanabalan,정호영 한국막학회 2016 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.05

Development of high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEM) in the fuel cell vehicles is investigated in this study. At first, the issues in HT-PEM mainly are dealt with the limitation of fluorinated and sulfonated membranes. Perovskite oxide-type structures functionalized with ligands via coordination chemistry are also emphasized in this study. Potential features of these membranes, including high proton conductivity, hydration of the membranes, and relatively low cost are discussed. The drawbacks of membranes modified with various organic and inorganic materials are also emphasized. The possibility of achieving significant increases in the proton transfer, and hydration of perovskite oxide–organic polymer membranes for use above 100℃ is deeply discussed. Modification of HT-PEM may confer remarkable properties for vehicles with environment friendly.

VRFB 적용을 위한 고내구성 유-무기 고분자 복합막

K. Dhanabalan,정호영 한국막학회 2017 한국막학회 총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.11

An advanced organic-inorganic composite membrane is investigated to enhance mechanical and chemical stability of membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). In order to improve chemical and mechanical stability of membrane, organic polymer is composed with inorganic material for VRFB. The inorganic material can be used as anti-oxidant for improving membrane chemical stability during long-term operation of VRFB. However, higher concentration of inorganic particles increased the hydrophobicity which may make membranes brittle. Therefore, the optimization of inorganic materials in polymer membrane is carried out for the application VRFB.

Preparation and characterization of Pb nanoparticles on mesoporous carbon nanostructure for advanced lead-acid battery applications

Sadhasivam, T.,Dhanabalan, K.,Roh, S. H.,Kim, S. C.,Jeon, D.,Jin, J. E.,Shim, J.,Jung, H. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of materials science Materials in electron Vol.28 No.7

<P>To enhance the electrochemical energy performance, the lead nanoparticles on mesoporous carbon (Pb on MPC) were prepared and characterized for advanced lead acid battery (Ad-LAB) applications. At present, Ad-LAB garners significant attention in energy storage devices because of its high charge acceptance. However, the major problem has associated with the large crystallization of PbSO4 in negative electrode during unit cell operation. To minimize this issue, Pb nanoparticles have incorporated on MPC in this present investigation. The Pb on MPC has prepared through facile chemical reduction process. The structural analysis of Pb, MPC, and Pb on MPC have confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution of MPC and Pb on MPC has obtained through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. The obtained SSA is 245.38 and 32.42 m(2) g(-1) for MPC and Pb on MPC, respectively. Additionally, the incorporation of Pb on MPC has confirmed by the microstructural analysis of high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The obtained particle sizes of the Pb nanoparticles are similar to 5 nm. Based on the structural, microstructural and cyclic voltammetry analysis, we suggest that Pb on MPC can be used as an efficient active material for negative electrode in Ad-LAB systems.</P>

A comprehensive review on unitized regenerative fuel cells: Crucial challenges and developments

Sadhasivam, T.,Dhanabalan, K.,Roh, Sung-Hee,Kim, Tae-Ho,Park, Kyung-Won,Jung, Seunghun,Kurkuri, Mahaveer D.,Jung, Ho-Young Pergamon Press 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.7

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>From extensive reported analyses, we reviewed the limitations, challenges, and advanced developments of the materials and components mainly used in the unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) system. URFC is a viable energy storage system owing to its high specific packaged and theoretical energy densities of 400–1000 Wh/kg and 3660 Wh/kg, respectively. Nevertheless, during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the stability and durability of the URFC unit cell was severely affected by various degradation factors in the stacked cell. The certain issues are related to the (i) electrocatalysts (high cost, aggregation, migration, and supportive material corrosion), (ii) dissolution and cracks in the Nafion binder, (iii) physical degradation and higher cost of polymer membrane, and severe carbon corrosion in (iv) gas diffusion packing and (v) bipolar plates. Among these factors, the critical challenges are the severe carbon corrosion and durability of the membrane in the unit cell regions. The degradation occurs in the supporting material of the electrocatalyst, gas diffusion packing, and bipolar plate owing to carbon corrosion because of the high applied potential in the water electrolyzer mode. Recent developments are significantly enhancing the durability and overcoming the limitations in the URFC system. In this comprehensive review, we have pointed out the limitations, challenges, and critical developments in URFC systems. Furthermore, built on our experimental and intellectual awareness in the context of URFC system developments, new strategies have been suggested to prepare novel structured materials and composites for advanced URFC applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> URFC is an optimum fuel cell system owing to its specific high energy density. </LI> <LI> Critical problem is severe carbon corrosion in electrocatalyst support and GDB, BP. </LI> <LI> Major challenges are cost and durability of the membrane and electrode assembly. </LI> <LI> Highly crystalline of Gr-carbon can be considered as a corrosion-resistant material. </LI> <LI> Novel structured and low cost materials are most promising to advanced URFC system. </LI> </UL> </P>

2P-475 Investigating effects of binding agent contents on lead carbon battery performance

( Pham Tan Thong ),( Dhanabalan Karmegam ),정호영 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.0

Pb/Carbon 전지의 음극으로서 적층된 그라파이트 시트의 안정성과 셀 성능 평가

박미정,정호영,임민화,문건오,노현준,( Thong Pham Tan ),( Sadhasivam Thangarasu ),( Dhanabalan Karmegam ) 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1

To verify the stability and cell performance as a negative electrode of a lead acid battery was evaluated by laminating a graphite sheet. After the capacity test to evaluate the stability was analyzed SEM and XRD. The carbon-coated graphite sheet was chemically stable in the capacity of the lead acid battery test voltage range, while the pressure in the graphite sheet was able to minimize the distance to the flaring gas generated in the graphite sheet interval. The amount of the carbon coating on the graphite sheet was the same amount of carbon that is used in the conventional Pb / C cell, a cell performance evaluation was carried out. Lead-acid batteries applying carbon-coated graphite sheet showed that the cell capacitor characteristics than the introduction of the original carbon, low-current charge shows better discharge performance than high-current charge.