Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

Li, Zhongchao,Lyu, Zhiqian,Liu, Hu,Liu, Dewen,Jaworski, Neil,Li, Yakui,Lai, Changhua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW0.6/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW0.6/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP). Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW0.6/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)-25.24 (n = 8, R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)-0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R2 = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable. Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

Oligosaccharides are a key factor in prediction of amino acid digestibility in soybean meal of different origins when fed to growing pigs

Zhongchao Li,Qiuyun Wang,Fei Xie,Dewen Liu,Yakui Li,Zhiqian Lyu,Changhua Lai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in 15 sources of soybean meal (SBM) produced from soybeans from different countries and subsequently to establish equations for predicting the AID and SID in SBM based on their chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen barrows (57.9±6.1 kg) fitted with a simple T-cannula were allotted into three 6×6 Latin square designs. Each period comprised a 6-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The 15 test diets included SBM as a sole source of AA in the diet. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. Results: The AID of lysine in SBM from China and USA tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). The SID of valine and proline in SBM from China was greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.05). The SID of lysine, threonine, cysteine and glycine in SBM from China tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). From a stepwise regression analysis, a series of AID and SID prediction equations were generated. The best fit equations for lysine in SBM were: AID lysine = 1.16 sucrose–1.81 raffinose+82.10 (R2 = 0.69, p<0.01) and SID lysine = 1.14 sucrose–1.93 raffinose–0.99 ether extract (EE)+85.26 (R2 = 0.77, p<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, the oligosaccharides (such as sucrose and raffinose) can be used to predict the AID and SID of AA in SBM with reasonable accuracy.

Study on Poverty Risk and Risk Avoidance of People Affected by Housing Relocation due to Urban Construction Projects in China Western Cities

He Dewen,Li Jingni,Song Fujian 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2012 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.3 No.2

With accelerating urbanization in western provinces and cities of China, the number of urban construction projects, such as the old urban area reconstruction project, the development zone construction project, and the infrastructure construction project are on the rise. The project scale has been expanding and the amount of housing relocation involved in construction projects is growing year by year. As a result, more and more people are affected in this process. These people not only include the relocated people as specified by the Regulation on the Dismantlement of Urban Houses, namely, the owner of relocated houses, but also the actual users of the relocated housed who may be affected temporarily or permanently and the people influenced by relocation of houses for business purposes. To properly resettle the affected people in urban relocation projects, maintaining their right for survival and development, providing sustainable development opportunities for them, and eliminating or lowering their poverty risks is helpful for reducing social contradictions and conflicts and avoiding possible social risks. Large-scale construction projects have emerged in western provinces and cities with the implementation of the strategy of Development of Western Regions. Against this background, social risks caused by social contradictions due to relocation activities have occurred from time to time. Low-quality relocation and resettlement have become unstable factors and have stood in the way of harmonious development. Poverty risk of the affected people, as the fundamental and one of the most obvious social risks, relates to their right and interest for survival and development. To study the poverty risk and risk avoidance of people affected by housing relocation due to urban construction projects is helpful for not only maintaining social stability, but also achieving the“People Oriented” goal of urban construction projects. From the perspective of causal relation among the affecting factors for poverty risk of people affected by housing relocation due to urban construction projects, this paper adopts the method of a cause-and-effect tree diagram analysis to study the influence and combined action of four major affecting factors, namely, limitation of resettlement compensation policy objective, production difficulty of affected people, living difficulty of affected people and social marginalization of affected people, as well as the generation of poverty risk. It is found in the study that the limitation of resettlement compensation policy (with housing resettlement as the main objective) objective is the leading factor causing poverty risk. Social policy guidelines shall clearly specify that the government resettlement authorities shall assume main responsibilities in risk avoidance and play a leading role in solving production and living difficulties of affected people and improving the living environment of the vulnerable resettled groups.

Preparation of Nanoflake Bi₂MoO₆ Photocatalyst Using CO(NH₂)₂ as Structure Orientation and Its Visible Light Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride

Hu, Pengwei,Zheng, Dewen,Xian, Yuxi,Hu, Xianhai,Zhang, Qian,Wang, Shanyu,Li, Mingjun,Cheng, Congliang,Liu, Jin,Wang, Ping Materials Research Society of Korea 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Bi₂MoO₆ (BMO) via the structure-directing role of CO(NH₂)₂ is successfully prepared via a facile solvothermal route. The structure, morphology, and photocatalytic performance of the nanoflake BMO are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectrum analysis (PL), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) and electrochemical test. SEM images show that the size of nanoflake BMO is about 50 ~ 200 nm. PL and electrochemical analysis show that the nanoflake BMO has a lower recombination rate of photogenerated carriers than particle BMO. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by nanoflake BMO under visible light is investigated. The results show that the nanoflake BMO-3 has the highest degradation efficiency under visible light, and the degradation efficiency reached 75 % within 120 min, attributed to the unique hierarchical structure, efficient carrier separation and sufficient free radicals to generate active center synergies. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism of TC degradation on the nanoflake BMO is proposed.

Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of plant oils on performance, meat quality and fatty acid deposition of broilers

Shenfei Long,Ye Tong Xu,Chunlin Wang,Changlian Li,Dewen Liu,Xiangshu Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.11

Objective: This study was to evaluate effects of mixed plant oils (identified as mixed oil 1 [MO1] and mixed oil 2 [MO2]) on performance, serum composition, viscera percentages, meat quality, and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Methods: A total of 126 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (weighing 44.91± 0.92 g) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 replicate pens per treatment (6 broilers per pen). Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 3% soybean oil (CTR), basal diet with 3% MO1 (a mixture of 15% corn oil, 10% coconut oil, 15% linseed oil, 20% palm oil, 15% peanut oil and 25% soybean oil; MO1), or basal diet with 3% MO2 (a combination of 50% MO1 and 50% extruded corn; MO2). The trial consisted of phase 1 (d 1 to 21) and phase 2 (d 22 to 42). Results: Compared to CTR, broilers fed MO (MO1 or MO2) had greater (p<0.05) average daily gain in phase 1, 2, and overall (d 1 to 42), redness in thigh muscle, concentrations of serum glucose, serum albumin, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio in breast muscle, while these broilers also showed lower (p≤0.05) drip loss and concentrations of C18:3n-3 and PUFA/SFA ratio in breast muscle. Broilers fed MO2 had higher (p<0.05) liver percentage, while broilers fed MO1 had lower (p≤0.05) feed conversion ratio in phase 1 and increased (p<0.05) contents of C18:2n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in breast muscle compared to CTR. Conclusion: Mixed plant oils had positive effects on performance, serum parameters, meat quality, liver percentage and fatty acid deposition in broilers, which indicates they can be used as better dietary energy feedstocks than soybean oil alone.

Ethylene increases accumulation of compatible solutes and decreases oxidative stress to improve plant tolerance to water stress in Arabidopsis

Mengying Cui,Yingchao Lin,YUANGANG ZU,Thomas Efferth,Dewen Li,Zhonghua Tang 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.3

Ethylene (ET) plays an important role as signal transducer in plants in response to environmental stimuli. Under water deficient conditions, fine adjustment of osmosis and redox states through phytohormones is vital for plant resistance to drought. Here, physiological and cellular responses of ET insensitive mutants (ein2-5 and ein3-1) were analyzed under water deficiency stimulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), and compared with wild type plants (Col-0) as controls. The accumulation of compatible solutes was higher in Col-0 than in ein2-5 and ein3-1. In Col-0 plants, water stress also increased transcription of P5CS1, which encoded a key rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis. These results suggested that ET signaling is involved in increasing the up-regulation of soluble sugar and proline accumulation to adjust to osmotic stress. In addition, oxidative stress was higher in ET defective mutants than in Col-0 wild-type plants. Meanwhile, increased activities of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were observed in ET insensitive mutants, indicating aggravated oxidative stress in ET-defective plants under drought. In conclusion, ET signaling is involved in modulating plant oxidative stress under drought conditions.