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        Ethylene increases accumulation of compatible solutes and decreases oxidative stress to improve plant tolerance to water stress in Arabidopsis

        Mengying Cui,Yingchao Lin,YUANGANG ZU,Thomas Efferth,Dewen Li,Zhonghua Tang 한국식물학회 2015 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.58 No.3

        Ethylene (ET) plays an important role as signal transducer in plants in response to environmental stimuli. Under water deficient conditions, fine adjustment of osmosis and redox states through phytohormones is vital for plant resistance to drought. Here, physiological and cellular responses of ET insensitive mutants (ein2-5 and ein3-1) were analyzed under water deficiency stimulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), and compared with wild type plants (Col-0) as controls. The accumulation of compatible solutes was higher in Col-0 than in ein2-5 and ein3-1. In Col-0 plants, water stress also increased transcription of P5CS1, which encoded a key rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis. These results suggested that ET signaling is involved in increasing the up-regulation of soluble sugar and proline accumulation to adjust to osmotic stress. In addition, oxidative stress was higher in ET defective mutants than in Col-0 wild-type plants. Meanwhile, increased activities of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were observed in ET insensitive mutants, indicating aggravated oxidative stress in ET-defective plants under drought. In conclusion, ET signaling is involved in modulating plant oxidative stress under drought conditions.

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        Fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and microbial community of tropical forage silage under different temperatures

        Dongxia Li,Kuikui Ni,Yingchao Zhang,Yanli Lin,Fuyu Yang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.5

        Objective: In tropical regions, as in temperate regions where seasonality of forage production occurs, well-preserved forage is necessary for animal production during periods of forage shortage. However, the unique climate conditions (hot and humid) and forage characteristics (high moisture content and low soluble carbohydrate) in the tropics make forage preservation more difficult. The current study used natural ensiling of tropical forage as a model to evaluate silage characteristics under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). Methods: Four tropical forages (king grass, paspalum, white popinac, and stylo) were ensiled under different temperatures (28°C and 40°C). After ensiling for 30 and 60 days, samples were collected to examine the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community. Results: High concentrations of acetic acid (ranging from 7.8 to 38.5 g/kg dry matter [DM]) were detected in silages of king grass, paspalum and stylo with relatively low DM (ranging from 23.9% to 30.8% fresh material [FM]) content, acetic acid production was promoted with increased temperature and prolonged ensiling. Small concentrations of organic acid (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/kg DM) were detected in silage of white popinac with high DM content (50.8% FM). The microbial diversity analysis indicated that Cyanobacteria originally dominated the bacterial community for these four tropical forages and was replaced by Lactobacillus and Enterobacter after ensiling. Conclusion: The results suggested that forage silages under tropical climate conditions showed enhanced acetate fermentation, while high DM materials showed limited fermentation. Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were the most probable genera responsible for tropical silage fermentation.

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