백두산 달문주변 고산초원의 식물상과 식생

이희선,박헌우,임영득,이성규 西原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1999 基礎科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.-

1997년 7월 24일에 중국측 백두산 달문지역의 고산초원을 대상으로 1 m × 1 m 방형구 40개를 설치하여 식물상을 분석한 결과는 17과, 35속, 29종, 3아종, 4변종으로 총 36종류가 확인되었다. 국화과가 7종으로 가장 많았고 다음으로는 벼과가 4종으로 많았다. 또한 협엽초본보다는 광엽초본이 많았으며, Salix metaformosa (눈산버들), Dryas octopetala var. asiatica (담자리꽃나무), Rhododendron aureum (노랑만병초), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (월귤) 등 키가 10∼15 cm의 왜소한 관목이 네 종 발견되었다. 방형구 내의 우점종에 따라 식생을 분석한 결과 17종류의 군락으로 분류되었으며, 이 중 Astragalus uliginosus (개황기)가 9개의 방형구에서 우점종으로 나타나 가장 많았고, 다음으로는 Sanguisorba sitchensis (큰오이풀)가 5개의 방형구, Deschampsia caespitosa (좀새풀)가 4개의 방형구에서 우점종으로 나타났다. The flora and vegetation of the alpine grassland at Dalmoon on Mt. Paektu were investigated on July 24, 1997 by 1 m × 1 m quadrat method. The flora of the vascular plants investigated on this alpine grassland was 36 taxa belonging to 17 families, 35 genera, 29 species, 3 subspecies, 4 varieties. The leading families were Compositae (7 taxa) and Gramineae (4 species), and the forb was more than the grass. Four dwarf shrubs which were Salix metaformosa, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron aureum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were found at the studied sites. This alpine grassland was composed of 17 communities, Astragalus uliginosus, Sanguisorba sitchensis, Deschampsia caespitosa were dominated over 18, 5 and 4 quadrats, respectively.

대장수술 후에 발생한 급성신부전의 위험인자

이혜미,황창재,김재황,김흥대,박대팔,서일숙,송선옥,김세연,이덕희,지대림 영남대학교 의과대학 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2

연구 배경 : 급성 신부전은 술 후 발생할 수 있는 합병증 중에서 사망률은 큰 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 이 연구를 통해 위험인자를 알아보려고 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 2004년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 3년간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 대장 수술을 받은 570명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 성별과 연령, 미국 마취과학회 신체등급, 동반질환, 수술의 종류, 응급수술의 여부, 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술 중의 투약 상황, 술 후에 자가 통증 조절기에 사용한 약제, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 수혈 여부, 술 후 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우를 비교하였다. 결과 : 비교 결과에서 성별과 수술의 종류, 응급 수술의 여부, 개복여부 등에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 환자의 나이와 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술중에 이뇨제 등을 사용한 경우, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 술 후에 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우 등에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 급성신부전의 원인은 어느 한 가지라고 하기 보다는 위험인자에 얼마나 노출되어 있는가가 결정하는 것 같고, 그 원인들이 모여서 상승효과를 내는 것 같다. 그러므로 수술 전부터 많은 위험에 노출된 환자는 술 중 더 적극적인 감시를 시행하여 수술 후의 합병증 발생을 줄이는 노력을 기울여야 하겠다. Background : Acute renal failure is one of the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that are associated with acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods : Five hundred seventy patients who operated colorectal surgery at the Yeungnam University Medical Center over three years from 2004 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The effects of gender, age, ASA classification, concomitant disease, surgery type and duration, reoperation, urogenital manipulation, medication, hypotension, hypovolemia, transfusion, and postoperative ventilatory care on the occurrence of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were studied. Results : The major risk factors of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were age of patients (P=0.003), ASA classification (P<0.001), concomitant disease (P<0.001), duration of the time surgery (P=0.034), reoperation (P=0.001), use of intraoperative diuretics (P=0.005), use of postoperative diuretics (P<0.001), intraoperative hypotension (P=0.018), intraoperative transfusion (P<0.001), postoperative transfusion (P<0.001), and postoperative ventilatory care (P=0.001). Conclusion : Multiple factors cause synergistic effects on the development of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Therefore, efforts to reduce the risk factors associated with acute renal failure are needed. In addition, intensive postoperative care should be provided to all patients.

廢棄自然皮革을 利用한 新製品의 시스템的 開發

李得熙,玄義泰,鄭旻溶 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

倫理 經營 需壓과 開放體制 實驗 (Ⅰ)

李得熙 건국대학교 1971 學術誌 Vol.12 No.1

This treatise, part of the results which we have experienced and studied constantly in actual life, intends to analyze the reason for the current crisis which modern management is faced with and to seek a feasible answer to this problem. 1.We have studied how to recognize the real phenomenon. We, as "super vitals" convering flesh, spirit and soul, should plunge into actual life and penetrate the barriers on the way. Then we can understand the common elements in history vertically, of human beings horizontally and grasp the fact that three fields (vitals field, provision field and substance field) are being harmonized by the dynamic function of vitality source. And we are finally able to realize the real phenomenon. 2.We have observed contradictions which logic is susceptible to fall into. (1) We are apt to accept as if were a real fact that which is observed on simple aspect, fixed and closed in the elements of phenomenon of "superposition." (2) We are apt to misunderstand all phenomena as a static state while neglecting the dimension of the observer. (3) We are apt to express the phenomenon realistically and by formal logic only through use of intelligence, arriving at a ideal world, apart from actual life. (4) We are apt to understand phenomenon as a conflict between two elements in a relationship of mutual opposition. 3.We have analyzed the crisis of modern management in relation to the contradiction of closed logic, based on the cognizance method of closed logic, based on the cognizance method of real phenomenon. We think that the crisis of modern management is a result of the consciousness of the common people who could come to have an actual influence on modern management. 4.We have studied a new way of solving the crisis of current management. Modern enterprise should be gotten out of the closed system depending on materialism, and be converted into an open system in accordance with the people's will. This means a co-supporting system of management and peoples; labour-employee, capital-finance, custom-sales, a system resurrecting the supervitality of human beings. 5.We shall try to substantiate this open system which can reveal the vitality of peoples most effectively by using the method of system engineering,

倫理經營需壓과 開放體制 實驗 (Ⅱ)

李得熙 건국대학교 1972 學術誌 Vol.14 No.1

This thesis, the second part of the study and research in the real field, first analyzing comprehensively and basically the causes of crisis in the phase of modern management, and secondly intend to find the feasible direction and method of dealing with the causes. 1. As a human being, and himself observer's dimension or operator's dimension, operating and adapting to the object of cognizance in an active and dynamic way, I intend to comprehend how to they cognize and receive the objects, and how to function and operate to it, and finally to modelize the functional process of real phenomenon symbolizing the phenomena of solar system and quantum mechanics. 2. The writer made an attempt to comprehend the causes of crisis of modern management, generalizing the contemporary general situation which came from the standing logical contradiction in comparsion with the theories of the proper structure and functional aspects of real phenomenon. 3. By analyzing the innate intention of human being which is contained in the inner side of open free consciousness of contemporary people and of its functional process, also seeking the way to detonate and extend its revealation, I stressed the proper direction of the ethical system so as to find the proper management system appropriate to the innate intention of human being which can be induced by the mutual supplement. 4. And tracing the function and the role of proper management system which occures under the close relationship with the open ethical system, by analyzing and classifying the controlling departments of management, I intend to find the concrete method fur its realization utilizing system model. And simultaneously I intend to suggest the available direction, based on the study of analysis resulted from the various experiments at the real field, to abreast with the world-wide level to which our country cannot be delayed.

生産行動의 基在構造

李得熙,鄭旻溶 건국대학교 1980 學術誌 Vol.24 No.2

This study intends to pursue the essence of value systems which enable us to enhance productivity and elasticity of management based on maximum Co-operation of the majority. For this purpose 1.We made an attempt to comprehend the characteristics of the modern manufacturing enterprise by analyzing the developing processes of industrial society since the modernization of western society. That is, as each functional area of productive activity is divided and specialized by industrialization and production order, the value systems and social institutions have been transformed little by little according to the ruing class; and social relations according to the dominance of functional elements of production; Capital, market, and manufacturing (labor, engineering). 2.We intend to understand the fundamental structure of the psychological attributes of human-beings and its manifestation mechanism. In adapting oneself to the external world, man superposed with flesh, spirit, and soul has an instinctive propensity to achieve harmonious stability and growth of humanity, productivity, and religiousity. And its achievement can be supported by individual purity and subjectivity. 3.Finally, we intend to suggest the available direction of the production system which can result in the harmonious development of these three attributes of man. Only when the dependency of a moral oriented open system surpassed that of a money oriented closed system, not only individual truth-oriented consciousness and creativity (or power of Research and Development) is activated and complemented mutually, but also in social aspects, promotion of Gross National Moral (G NM) and increment of economic elasticity is arhieved complementarily and extended.

管理行動에서의 創造性 工學的 어프로우치

李得熙,鄭旻溶 건국대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1982 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

Current environment of business management confirm the vital, dynamic, and practical role of managerial behavior. This study intents to inquire the essence and direction of managerial behavior based on the creativity engineering approach to confront the difficulties encountered in coverting inputs to outputs. For this purpose 1. In chapterⅡ, we made an attempt to comprehend the horizon and characteristics of recent aspects of management environment ranging from consumption pattern of consumer to competition aspects of interenterprise on the view point of economical structure. 2. In chapterⅢ, we classified the management area according to range and contents of control into three categories such as manufacturing level(work system), production level (plant operation), and management level(top-management task), managerial characteristics and contents of each level and the complex array of interacting forces that surround all these levels are inquired. 3 .In chapterⅣ, we intend to study the characteristics and essence of current managerial behavior based on the proper task for each level in connection with management process. And from this point of view, significance and role of creativity engineering approach is considered to cope with the operational task of busines management. 4. In chapterⅤ, we intended to understand the managerial task as a problem-solving process or decision making process. And personal and/or group characteristics of creativity, and revelation mechanism of creative power is surveyed for creative problem solving in connection with representative creativity developing and training method such as synectics method, lateral thinking method, brain-storming method, etc.

倫理經營需壓과 開放體制實驗(Ⅲ)

李得熙,鄭旻溶 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

1.Modern civilization has been greatly influenced by western thought, in particular by western materialism. We intend to study this as it has developed historically and to compare it with eastern thought. Modern people strongly challenge a value system which is only external and has exhausted itself. The challenge is both actual and latent. We want to see clearly where modern man should go in order to harmonize the productivity and morality so proper to him by seeking those elements which will raise man to an open value system. 2.We seek the direction in which we can adapt creatively and more effectively to our times-times in which the dynamic elements of reality have been activated and compressed by time, space and the awakening of human consciousness. We want to examine closely the traditional consciousness of our people by tracing and penetrating the internal psychological elements of innate instincts which have been repressed and nullified. Thereby we hope to systematize these value elements so that they can harmonize complementary productivity and morality which proceeds from our innate vitality.

침엽수 구조용 정각재의 천연건조곡선과 함수율분포

정희석,이철현,강욱,엄창득 한국목재공학회 2003 목재공학 Vol.31 No.1

이 논문은 소나무와 일본잎갈나무의 변장 14.0cm와 16.5cm인 큰 정각재의 천연건조과정과 함수율분포에 관한 내용으로서 건조속도는 건조개시 첫 8주 동안 비교적 컸었으나 그 이후부터 점차 감소하였다. 생재에서 규격함수율 18% 수준까지 건조시간은 소나무 14.0cm와 16.5cm가 각각 26주와 32주이고, 일본잎갈나무의 경우는 각각 32주와 48주이었다. 이들 정각재의 재장방향과 두께방향의 수분경사는 비교적 완만하였다. 일본잎갈나무의 수분경사는 소나무의 것보다 컸었고, 일본잎갈나무의 변장의 크기가 수분경사에 미치는 영향은 소나무의 것보다 컸었다. This paper presents the results of air-drying processes and mositure content (MC) distribution of red pine (P. densiflora) and Japanese larch (I. leptolepis) square timber with 14 cm and 16.5 cm of face size, respectively. The air-drying rates of square timber were comparatively high during the first 8 weeks, after that gradually decreased. The time to air dry square timber from initial MC to specified MC of 18 percent required about 26 weeks for 14.0 cm and 32 weeks for 16.5 cm square of red pine, and 32 weeks for 14.0 cm and 48 weeks for 16.5 cm square of Japanese larch. The longitudinal-and transverse MC distribution of these air-dried squares showed slight moisture gradient. The effect of face size on moisture gradient of Japanese larch square was more pronounced comparing with red pine one.

이유식의 우식유발능에 관한 생체외 연구

박득희,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

유아기 우식증을 예방하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 우식유발능을 생체외 방법으로 연구하였다. 국내에서 시판되는 5종의 이유식을 실험군으로 하고 10% 자당용액과 우유를 대조군으로 하였다. 시료용액 50ml의 ph를 4.0까지 낮추는데 소모된 0.1 N 유산용액의 양으로 완충능을 측정하였고, Streptococcus mutans 10449의 배양액을 접종하여 48시간 배양하기 전과 후에 각각 시료용액의 ph, 시료용액 속에 담근 유치 법랑질시편의 표면미세경도, 합성 hydroxyapatite로부터 용출된 칼슘이온의 농도를 측정하여 산 생성능과 탈회능을 평가하였다. 이유식의 평균 ph는 3.88로서 자당용액의 4.35, 우유의 4.20보다 낮았고 자당용액과 유의한 차이가 있었으며(P<0.05), 이유식 상호간에도 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01)>. 배양 전후의 유치 법랑질 표면미세경도의 차이는 이유식군이 평균 98.7VHN로서 자당용액군의 97.1VHN과 비슷하였고 우유군의 63.5VHN보다 컸으나 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 합성 hydroxyapatite로부터 용출된 칼슘농도의 차이는 이유식군이 평균 1816.02ppm로서 자당용액군의 2235.98ppm보다 작았으나 차이가 유의하지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to assess the cariogenic potential of five infant formulas in vitro, as compared with 10% sucrose solution and whole bovine milk. Buffering capacities were determined by the amount of 0.1N lactic acid consumed to titrate the 50ml specimen solutions to ph 4.0. The ph of the specimen solution inoculated by Streptococcus mutans was measured by ph meter and the surface microhardness of primary tooth enamel immersed in the specimen solution was measured by the microhardness tester, before and after 48 hours incubation. Also, the solubility of calcium from synthetic hydroxyapatite was evaluated by atomic absorption spectrephotometer. The buffering capacity of infant formulas was higher than that of sucrose solution and lower than that of milk, and there were significant differences among infant formulas(P<0.01). The average ph of infant formulas after 48 hours incubation was lower than that of sucrose solution and milk, and there was significant difference between infant formulas and milk(P<0.05). There were nt significant differences among groups in the microhardness change of primary tooth enamel and in the amount of dissolved calcium ion from synthetic hydroxyapatite after incubation with Streptococcus mutans. In conclusion, infant formulas seemed to fulfill the basic requirments to cause dental caries in primary teeth, and there were significant differencds of cariogenic potential among infant formulas. Cooperative efforts of dentistry and manufacturers to reduce the cariogenic potential of infant formulas would be necessary to prevent the early childhood caries in children.