Effects of a 6-week aerobic exercise programme on the cardiovascular parameters, body composition, and quality of life of people living with human immune virus

Davidson Okwudili John,Bosede A. Tella,Olajide A. Olawale,Jeneviv N. John,Titilope A. Adeyemo,Obinna C. Okezue 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.5

Simulations of pendant drop formation of a viscoelastic liquid

Davidson Malcolm R.,Harvie Dalton J.E.,Cooper-White Justin J. The Korean Society of Rheology 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.2

A modified Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of a liquid drop of a low viscosity dilute polymer solution, forming in air from a circular nozzle. Viscoelastic effects are rep-resented using an Oldroyd-B model. Predicted drop shapes are compared with experimental observations. The main features, including the timing of the shape evolution and the 'bead-on-a-string' effect, are well reproduced by the simulations. The results confirm published conclusions of the third author, that the deformation is effectively Newtonian until near the time of Newtonian pinch-off and that the elastic stress becomes large in the pinch region due to the higher extensional flow there.

Public Sector Employment, Quality of Government, and Well-Being: A Global Analysis

Davidson Robert,Pacek Alexander,Radcliff Benjamin 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2021 International Area Studies Review Vol.24 No.3

While a growing literature within the study of subjective well-being demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on subjective well-being, scholars have conspicuously failed to consider the role of the size and scope of government as determinants of well-being. Where such studies exist, the focus is largely on the advanced industrial democracies of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. In this study, we examine the size of the public sector as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a worldwide sample. Our findings strongly suggest that as the public sector grows, subjective well-being increases as well, conditional on the extent of quality of government. Using cross-sectional data on 84 countries, we show this relationship has an independent and separable impact from other economic and political factors.

BIM and Fire Safety Engineering - Overview of State of The Art

Davidson, Anne,Gales, John Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2021 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.10 No.4

Fire safety engineering is a critical specialization to include in the design of a tall building yet is often excluded from the Building Information Model (BIM) and integrated design process. The design of fire safety systems is interdependent with building/structural geometry, HVAC, mechanical, and electrical systems. A BIM is a 3D visual representation that stores data on these kinds of systems. The compatibility between BIM and fire safety design seems obvious yet has received a dearth of attention in structural (fire) engineering literature. The authors herein have reviewed over 40 recent papers on utilizing BIM for fire safety engineering, focusing on contemporary literature to obtain a more up-to-date review of the state-of-the-art. The resulting trends, technologies, research gaps, and methodologies are presented in this paper. Adoption of BIM in fire safety engineering is slow and behind other disciplines which may be improved if research involved more industry partners. For BIM technology to reach its potential, industry manufacturers need to provide high LOD fire BIM objects, fire engineers and researchers need to collaborate on future advancements, and building owners/management need to be educated on how to use the benefits provided.

Validation of competing structural models of inter-relationships in the teaching–learning ecosystem for two Malaysian STEM courses

P. Davidson,S. Roslan,Z. Omar,M. Chong Abdullah,S. Y. Looi,T. T. X. Neik,B. Yong 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.1

This study reported the results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analyses on 13 competing structural models on the inter-relationships among academic achievement and student- and course-related attributes. The samples were Malaysian preuniversity students enrolled in two STEM courses (biology, n=326; mathematics, n=339; biology only, n=92; mathematics only, n=105; biology and mathematics, n=234). For both courses, interdisciplinary cross-validation was observed for four models which hypothesized that current academic achievement could be predicted (1) directly by prior academic achievement (high school grades) and student approaches to learning (SAL), and (2) directly and/or indirectly by personality, intrinsic motivation and course experience (CE). For at least one course, all constructs (except intrinsic motivation, clear goals and standards, openness and conscientiousness) significantly and directly predicted current academic achievement. The strongest predictor of current academic achievement was prior (high school) academic achievement, with the largest effect sizes, followed by SAL. Current academic achievement was significantly and positively predicted by all CE constructs (except clear goals and standards) for only mathematics, with moderate and large effect sizes. Only one personality construct (neuroticism) significantly and moderately predicted current academic achievement (biology). SAL partially mediated relationships between current academic achievement with workload appropriateness, assessment for understanding and neuroticism for at least one course. Generally, the strongest predictors of SAL were assessment for understanding, workload appropriateness and intrinsic motivation. Multigroup invariance analysis revealed differences in five hypothesized paths, attributable almost entirely to significant paths found in mathematics but not biology (prior [high school] to current academic achievement, conscientiousness to surface approach to learning, intrinsic motivation to deep and surface approaches to learning). Therefore, this study is the first to report course-nuanced differences in the presence of reduced interpersonal differences. The implications of this study is that, besides the importance of prior high academic achievement which might not be within educators’ control, factors in the teaching–learning ecosystem within educators’ control which influence current academic achievement are strongly mediated by SAL, which is itself influenced most by assessment, workload and intrinsic motivation.

Teaching Critical Discussion Skills in Japan through Current Events Issues

Bruce Davidson,Sumiko Oshima 대한사고개발학회 2005 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.15 No.1

A university seminar class conducted in Japanese was designed to teach students critical discussion through presentations about issues discussed in current newspapers. Two instructors, including one with a journalistic background, guided a group of students into techniques for analyzing and discussing issues in the news. After preliminary sessions training students in various basic skills of newspaper reading and critical thinking, each student had to present an opinion based on a particular issue, along with news articles about that issue, analyzing reasons and evidence both pro and con. The presenter and other class members responded to these with counter-arguments and additional relevant reasons or evidence on that issue. After initial weaknesses, dramatic progress appeared in their ability to present and analyze opinions, culminating in a final seventy-minute sustained discussion with little teacher interference about the issue of whether Japanese troops should be sent to Iraq. The class experience seems to demonstrate that with proper training and guidance Japanese students can competently conduct a critical class discussion in Japanese.

“These are my camera glasses”

Christina Davidson,Amy MacDonald,Angela Fenton 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2018 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.12 No.3

As new technologies emerge and evolve, possibilities open up for their use in research. In this article, we consider wearable digital video glasses as a data collection tool in qualitative research involving child participants. We draw on data from a recording made during our pilot study of the ways young children’s social interactions produced learning opportunities during family shopping experiences. The recording was produced when the digital video glasses were worn by one six-year old boy when shopping with his family. Four extracts from the recording are analysed briefly to demonstrate how data collected through use of the digital video glasses informed transcription and the analysis. Issues and implications for use of the wearable technology are discussed focusing on methodology and methods, implications for transcription, benefits and limitations as a data collection tool, ethical considerations and applicability for researching young children’s social interactions.

What Kind of Critical Thinking Best Suits Japan?

BruceC.Davidson 대한사고개발학회 2002 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.12 No.1

A Durable Minimal Intervention Strategy to Reduce Benzodiazepine Use in a Primary Care Population

Stephen Davidson,Christine Thomson,Gordon Prescott 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.2

Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed drugs with approximately 10% of adults having used them in the past year. These drugs are clearly addictive, yet many patients are prescribed these for years, with longterm side effects. The present study aimed to investigate whether patients on repeat diazepam prescription had their prescription reviewed to reduce and to stop the repeat prescription wherever appropriate, and whether these changes were sustained at 24 months. Methods: The present study used a minimal intervention strategy to reduce diazepam use in a semi-rural general practice. Patients with a current prescription for diazepam were invited to visit their general practitioner for a review. Dose reduction grids were formulated for each individual to facilitate a downward titration by 1 mg each wk/ mo. Patients with psychiatric co-morbidity were also included. Interrupted time series methods were applied to the monthly data. The outcomes were evaluated at 12 and 24 months. Results: Ninety-two patients had diazepam on repeat prescription with 87 (94.6%) attending the review appointment. Twenty-seven patients (29.3%) were under psychiatric review and were supported by the psychiatrist with a downward titration regime. At 24 months, 63 patients (81.8% of the 77 still at the practice) had stopped or were in the process of stopping regular use of diazepam. A statistically significant reduction in total monthly diazepam prescription was observed (from 2.2 to 0.7 defined daily dose/1,000 patients/d). Conclusion: This minimal intervention strategy, in collaboration between primary and secondary care, produced a durable reduction in overall diazepam prescription at the general practice.

Simulations of pendant drop formation of a viscoelastic liquid

Malcolm R. Davidson,Dalton J.E. Harvie,Justin J. Cooper-White 한국유변학회 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.2

A modified Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) numerical method is used to predict the dynamics of a liquid drop of a low viscosity dilute polymer solution, forming in air from a circular nozzle. Viscoelastic effects are represented using an Oldroyd-B model. Predicted drop shapes are compared with experimental observations. The main features, including the timing of the shape evolution and the "bead-on-a-string" effect, are well reproduced by the simulations. The results confirm published conclusions of the third author, that the deformation is effectively Newtonian until near the time of Newtonian pinch-off and that the elastic stress becomes large in the pinch region due to the higher extensional flow there.