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Juan I. del Río,Eduardo Pérez,David León,Ángel Martín,María D. Bermejo 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-
The catalytic conversion of CO2 captured in aqueous media into formate was studied using aluminum-sourced hydrogenin a batch reaction system. To do so, themain ammonia-basedCO2absorption derivatives:ammoniumcarbamate,carbonate and bicarbonateandsodiumbicarbonatewere selectedasCO2source.Theperformance of the different species was determined under mild hydrothermal reaction conditions (120 C),using Pd/C 5 wt% catalyst. In these conditions, the formate yield and selectivity increase in the orderammonium bicarbonate < sodium bicarbonate < ammonium carbonate < ammonium carbamate. Ammo-nium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate reagents needed higher temperature (250 C) for an increasedyield. Results with ammonium carbamate as starting material indicate a significant effect of time andcatalyst content on formate yield, which ranged between 4 and 38%. Experiments with gaseous H2 showedthat a comparable yield with Al can be obtained at a similar level of pressure. The reutilization andcharacterization of the reaction solid, comprising exhausted aluminum and Pd/C catalyst, showed that thealuminum was not completely oxidized up to the 5th re-use, and Pd can play a reducing role through theformation of palladium hydride species. The process can be improved by operating at higher pressure andlower temperature, to avoid loss of yield by dehydration of formate.
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Treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real world data from a reference center in Mexico
José Carlos Jaime-Pérez,Patrizia Aguilar-Calderón,Lorena Salazar-Cavazos,Andrés Gómez-De León,David Gómez-Almaguer 대한혈액학회 2019 Blood Research Vol.54 No.2
BackgroundWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (w-AIHA) is an uncommon disease with heteroge-neous response to treatment. Steroids are the standard treatment at diagnosis, whereas rituximab has recently been recommended as the second-line therapy of choice. Our main objective was to document the response to treatment in patients with newly diag-nosed w-AIHA, including the effectiveness of low-dose rituximab as frontline treatment and for refractory disease.MethodsPatients with w-AIHA from 2002 to 2017 were included. Relapse-free survival (RFS), prob-ability of maintained response (MR), and time-to-response were analyzed using the Kaplan‒Meier method. Response was classified as complete, partial, and no response.ResultsWe included 64 adults with w-AIHA (39 women and 25 men). The median age was 37 (16‒77) years. Response rates to steroids alone were 76.7%, rituximab plus steroids, 100%; and cyclophosphamide, 80%. RFS with steroids at 6, 36, and 72 months was 86.3%, 65.1%, and 59.7%, respectively. Eighteen patients received rituximab at 100 mg/wk for 4 weeks plus high-dose dexamethasone as first-line therapy, with RFS at 6, 36, and 72 months of 92.3%, 58.7% and 44.1%, respectively. Eight patients refractory to several lines of therapy were treated with low-dose rituximab, and all achieved a response (three com-plete response and five partial response) at a median 16 days (95% confidence interval, 14.1‒17.8), with a 75% probability of MR at 103 months; the mean MR was 81.93±18months.ConclusionOutcomes of w-AIHA treatment were considerably heterogeneous. Low rituximab doses plus high dexamethasone doses were effective for refractory disease.
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R. Vahdati, Ali,Weissmann, John David,Timmermann, Axel,Ponce de Leó,n, Marcia S.,Zollikofer, Christoph P.E. Pergamon Press 2019 Quaternary science reviews Vol.221 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Understanding Late Pleistocene human dispersals from Africa requires understanding a multifaceted problem with factors varying in space and time, such as climate, ecology, human behavior, and population dynamics. To understand how these factors interact to affect human survival and dispersal, we have developed a realistic agent-based model that includes geographic features, climate change, and time-varying vegetation and food resources. To enhance computational efficiency, we further apply machine learning algorithms. Our approach is new in that it is designed to systematically evaluate a large-scale agent-based model, and identify its key parameters and sensitivities. Results show that parameter interactions are the major source in generating variability in human dispersal and survival/extinction scenarios. In realistic scenarios with geographical features and time-evolving climatic conditions, random fluctuations become a major source of variability in arrival times and success. Furthermore, parameter settings as different as 92% of maximum possible difference, and occupying more than 30% of parameter space can result in similar dispersal scenarios. This suggests that historical contingency (similar causes – different effects) and equifinality (different causes – similar effects) are primary constituents of human dispersal scenarios. While paleoanthropology, archaeology and paleogenetics now provide insights into patterns of human dispersals at an unprecedented level of detail, elucidating the causes underlying these patterns remains a major challenge.</P>
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