Environmental Policy Performance and Political Development: Do Democracies Outperform Authoritarian Regimes?

David S. Kelleher,김금수 이화여자대학교 국제지역연구소 2014 Asian International Studies Review Vol.15 No.1

The pursuit of sustainable development initially centered onunderstanding how economic development and environmentalquality are related. More recently, many have focusedon how political development and environmental qualityare related. Researchers have examined a variety ofenvironmental problems using a variety of political measures. While there is support for the idea that democracies outperformmore authoritarian regimes on various environmentalissues, the results are somewhat mixed and ambiguous,not least because the individual studies lack comparabilityand generalizability. To take stock and address this problemwe use a comprehensive dataset of environmental performanceoutcomes and political variables to systematicallyaddress whether democracies do indeed outperform authoritarianregimes across a range of environmental issues. Ourresults suggest that for environmental issues that are tied tohuman health, two governance indicators, “voice and accountability”and “control of corruption,” explain internationalvariation in environmental health indicators independentlyof per capita income, which is also statistically significant. Turning to measures of ecosystem vitality, unlikeenvironmental health indicators, ecosystem measures bearmore disparate relations to economic and political measures. Thus, while support for “democratic environmentalism”may only be partial, support for “authoritarian environmentalism”is non-existent.

Stakeholder Participation in the Siting of Nuclear Waste Facilities

David Kelleher,Geum Soo Kim,Kyung Suk Chae 한국정부학회 2010 한국정부학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.12

Alternative Theoretical Perspectives on the Political Economy of International Environmental Policy

David Kelleher 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2006 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.13 No.1

  In seeking to explain international behavior with regards to forging international environmental agreements, it is common to assume that countries act like unitary actors. While assuming that states act much like unitary actors certainly facilitates theoretical tractability, it involves forsaking analysis of the domestic determinants of international behavior. Clearly, the international political economy of international environmental agreements has its roots in the very real, and quite often pivotal, domestic political forces behind countries" international negotiating positions. In this paper, we canvass the alternative theoretical perspectives within the political science and economics literatures that may enable us to more clearly connect (and thus explain) the domestic determinants of international behavior. We compare and contrast various perspectives for understanding the political economy of international public good provision involving the protection of the environment, illustrating various points through reference to the Montreal Protocol to preserve the ozone layer. The paper charts recent theoretical developments in the literature as well as directions for future research.

HUMANITARIAN AID TO NORTH KOREA AND THE CHALLENGE OF REFORM

Kelleher, David S 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-

In the mid 1990s, aslowly developing, yet profoundly deep-seated crisis struck North Korea, leading to steady deterioration of the economy and continued widespread suffering. The roots of the crisis can be found in systemic problems associated with a centrally planned economy coupled with a decades-long philosophy of isolation from the outside world. Ironically, pre-crisis, North Korea's stubborn independence from the outside world to ensure its survival has made it, post-crisis, increasingly more dependent on the outside world to ensure its survival. This has presented the North Korean regime with the difficult choice of whether to engage in systemic reforms that are being urged by both long-standing patrons such as China as well as newer patrons such as South Korea and the wider international community. We examine the roots of its ongoing crisis, and how the North Korean government has chosen to respond. Particular attention is given to how the international community has also chosen to respond, and how theactivities of the international community may affect limited reform efforts in North Korea.

Political Institutions and Environmental Performance:An Empirical Analysis of Environmental Performance Index for 130 countries

David Kelleher,김금수 국제지역학회 2007 국제지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

This paper endeavors to identify which factors determine environmental quality, paying particular attention to the role of political institutions. We make use of a unique dataset that couples data used to construct the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) with data used to construct the Environmental Sustainability Index. With OLS regressions we have shown that per capita income is the most significant and robust variable for explaining a composite index of environmental performance and several of its sub-component indices, thus indicating support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Secondly, among independent variables regarding political institutions, polity (a measure of democracy) is the most relevant in explaining EPI variation, but this finding does not necessarily hold for sub-components of EPI such as biodiversity or resource management. On the other hand, graft (a measure of corruption) is generally not a relevant variable for explaining overall EPI, but is significant in explaining variation in sustainable energy performance. 본 연구는 한 국가의 환경질을 결정하는 요인이 무엇인지에 주요 관심이 있으며, 정치제도와 관련하여 이를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 우리는 환경성과지수(EPI)에 사용된 자료와 함께 환경지속성지수(ESI)에 사용된 자료를 함께 사용하여 분석하였다. 단순회귀분석을 통해 우리는, 첫째, 1인당 소득수준이 한 국가의 환경성과를 설명하는 가장 중요한 변수가 된다는 것을 보였으며, 이것은 이른바 환경쿠즈네츠곡선 가설을 지지하는 것이다. 둘째, 정치제도와 관련된 변수 중 polity (민주화의 지표)가 가장 중요하나, 종속변수가 EPI 보다 하위변수인 종다양성지표 또는 자원관리지표일 때는 그렇지 못함을 보였다. 한편, graft (부패의 지표)는 대체로 EPI를 설명하는 중요 설명변수가 되지는 못하나 종속변수가 지속가능한 에너지 지표인 경우에는 중요한 설명변수가 됨을 보였다.

Can we find Issue Voters in American National Elections?

David S. Kelleher 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 2007 社會科學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

The Policy Analytic Utility of the Richer is Safer Argument

David Kelleher 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.20 No.1

HUMANITARIAN AID TO NORTH KOREA AND THE CHALLENGE OF REFORM

David S, Kelleher 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 2003 社會科學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

In the mid 1990s, aslowly developing, yet profoundly deep-seated crisis struck North Korea, leading to steady deterioration of the economy and continued widespread suffering. The roots of the crisis can be found in systemic problems associated with a centrally planned economy coupled with a decades-long philosophy of isolation from the outside world. Ironically, pre-crisis, North Korea s stubborn independence from the outside world to ensure its survival has made it, post-crisis, increasingly more dependent on the outside world to ensure its survival. This has presented the North Korean regime with the difficult choice of whether to engage in systemic reforms that are being urged by both long-standing patrons such as China as well as newer patrons such as South Korea and the wider international community. We examine the roots of its ongoing crisis, and how the North Korean government has chosen to respond. Particular attention is given to how the international community has also chosen to respond, and how theactivities of the international community may affect limited reform efforts in North Korea.

PUBLIC ECONOMICS AND PROBLEM STRUCTURING IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY ANALYSIS

David S. Kelleher 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 1999 社會科學硏究 Vol.18 No.1

With a focus on international policy to protect the ozone layer, the article examines the applicability of public economics theory in analyzing international environmental policy. It is argued that effective application of public economics theory depends on recognizing how nations structure the policy problem, which in turn affects how national interests are conceived and advanced through international policy processes. A given international environmental problem may be structured or framed in several ways; for example, as a common property issue or as a public good provision problem. Given the differing behavioral dynamics that can be expected under these alternative issue conceptions, understanding the way in which stakeholders themselves viewed the problem is a prerequisite for selecting the appropriate theoretical framework. In an analysis of international cooperation to protect the ozone layer, we focus on the dynamics of problem structuring, attendant conceptions of national interest, and the appropriate application of public economics theory.

Partisanship :Conventional and A lternative Approaches

Kelleher. David,Duckjoon Kim 호서대학교 사회과학연구소 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.20 No.1