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( Dahee Kim ),( Sohyun Shim ),( Soohyun Kim ),( Jiyeon Kim ),( Yeonkyung Cho ),( Sungshin Shim ),( Kyoungjin Lee ),( Donghyun Cha ),( Heejin Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-
목적: To investigate the value of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) for predicting preeclampsia or small for gestational age (SGA) in pregnant women. 방법: This prospective cohort single center study was conducted in 474 women with singleton pregnancy. We measured plasma levels of pregnancy- associated plasma protein-A(PAPP-A), serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), inhibin-A and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 15+0 to 20+6 weeks of gestation. We also assessed the plasma levels of sFlt-1 and PlGF at 24+0 to 28+6 and 29+0 to 37+6 weeks of gestation, using the Elecsys assay and calculated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Uterine artery doppler ultrasonography with color flow mapping was performed at 20+0 to 24+6 weeks of gestation. 결과: Respectively, 29 and 19women had SGA fetus or preeclampsia comparing to 426 uncomplicated pregnant women with AGA fetus. In PE group, the level of sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were higher (2nd : 2630.5 vs 1389, 10 vs 2.6, p<0.05; 3rd : 7295 vs 2386, 83.7 vs 8.25, p<0.05) and the level of PlGF was significantly lower (2nd : 215.9 vs 530.1, p<0.05; 3rd : 119.9 vs 294.95, p<0.05) than control group in 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester. However, in SGA group, these factors didn’t show significant difference in both second trimester and third trimester. The time-dependent slope of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio between 2nd and 3rd trimester was significantly steeper in PE compared to control and SGA group. Such as Uterine artery resistance index, pulsatility index and S/D ratio in SGA group, but not in PE group. 결론: Measurements of PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlFT ratio were useful markers for the prediction of preeclampsia but not of SGA.
HEVC 스크린 콘텐츠의 고속 변환 생략 결정 및 변환 생략 시그널링 방법
이다희(Dahee Lee),양승하(Seungha Yang),심혁재(HiukJae Shim),전병우(Byeungwoo Jeon) 대한전자공학회 2016 전자공학회논문지 Vol.53 No.6
HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) 비디오 국제표준 확장기술은 스크린 콘텐츠를 주요 부호화 대상 영상 중 하나로 고려하는 스크린 콘텐츠용 비디오 압축 기술을 포함하고 있다. 표준화가 완료된 HEVC 버전 1에 이미 포함되어 있는 변환생략기술은 변환을 생략하고 양자화만을 수행하는 기술로 스크린 콘텐츠와 같이 고주파 에너지를 많이 포함하는 영상에서 큰 압축률 향상을 보인다. 하지만 변환생략이 가능한 모든 4x4 변환블록에 대하여 변환생략 모드까지 포함한 선택가능한 모드 중에서 최적의 모드를 결정하여야 하므로 부호화기의 복잡도가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 스크린 콘텐츠 부호화에 특히 효과적인 IBC(Intra block copy) 기술과 변환생략 기술간의 통계적 상관성을 이용한 고속 변환생략 모드 결정과, 4x4 변환블록 마다 변환생략 여부를 나타내는 transform_skip_flag를 CU단에서 하나의 대표 플래그로 묶어 표현하는 변환생략 통합 시그널링 방법을 제안한다. 모의 실험을 통하여 제안 방법을 적용한 경우, 4x4 변환 블록 부호화 시간을 약 32%를 절감할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) extension considers screen content as one of its main candidate sources for encoding. Among the tools already included in HEVC version 1, the technique of using transform skip mode allows transform to be skipped and to perform quantization process only. It is known to improve video coding efficiency for screen contents which are characterized to have much high frequency energy. But encoding complexity increases since its encoder should decide whether transform should be used or not in each 4x4 transform block. Based on statistical correlation between IBC (Intra block copy) and transform skip modes both of which are known effective in screen contents, this paper proposes a combined method of the fast transform skip mode decision and a modified transform skip signaling which signals transform_skip_flag at CU level as a representative transform skip signal. By simulation, the proposed method is shown to reduce encoding time of 4x4 transform blocks by about 32%.
Jihyun Kim,Yongjae Kim,Dahee Shim,Heeyeop Chae 한국진공학회 2021 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2021 No.2
As the semiconductor devices shrinks in nanoscale, SiO<sub>2</sub> used as gate oxide gets challenging due to tunneling effect causing leakage current. [1] So high-k materials having high dielectric constant (k) are being studied to replace SiO<sub>2</sub>. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is considered as one of important high-k materials having 10 dielectric constants. Thermal ALE processes enable isotropic etching of 3D structures and may achieve etching without damaging the underlying film and high uniformity. [2, 3] In this work, cyclic thermal atomic layer etching process was performed for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in an inductively coupled plasma reactor.
양승하(Seungha Yang),심혁재(Hiuk Jae Shim),이다희(Dahee Lee),전병우(Byeungwoo Jeon) 한국통신학회 2014 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.39 No.4(통신이론)
HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) 부호화 기술은 기존 기술을 더욱 정교하게 하고 많은 새로운 부호화 기법을 채택한 결과, 기존 비디오 부호화 표준인 H.264/AVC 대비 약 2배정도 압축률 향상을 이루었다. HEVC에 채택된 새로운 부호화 기술 중 하나인 변환을 생략하고 양자화만을 수행하는 변환생략 부호화 방법은, 특히 컴퓨터로 생성된 인공영상 또는 이와 유사한 성질을 갖는 영상영역의 부호화 시 큰 압축률 향상을 가져올 수 있다. 하지만 입력 영상의 전체 또는 국부적인 성질을 미리 알 수 없기 때문에, 변환생략 필요 여부를 매번 판별하여야 한다. 즉, 변환수행 혹은 변환생략 각 경우의 율-왜곡 비용을 산출하여 부호화모드를 결정하려면 연산복잡도가 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 잔차신호의 주파수적 특성을 고려하여, 변환생략의 율-왜곡 산출 여부에 대한 고속 판별 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법을 적용할 경우, 4 ×4 변환 블록 부호화 시간의 약 27.1%를 절감할 수 있으며, 이때 저하되는 율-왜곡 성능은 평균적으로 약 0.03% (BDBR)에 불과하다. HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) fine-tuned many existing coding tools and adopted also many new coding techniques. As a result, HEVC has accomplished about 2 times of compression efficiency enhancement compared to the existing video coding standard of H.264/AVC. One of the newly adopted tools in HEVC is the transform skip scheme which performs quantization without transform. This technique improves coding efficiency especially with computer-generated images. However, the unavailability of global or local properties of general video signals demands encoder to decide whether performing transform or not for each TU (Transform Unit). The necessity of computing rate-distortion costs for this decision is one reason to increase encoder complexity. In this paper, a fast transform skip mode decision method is proposed, which is based on the fast decision of rate-distortion cost calculation for transform skip mode, by considering frequency characteristics of residual signal. The proposed method can reduce 4 ×4 TU encoding time by about 27.1% with only about 0.03% consequential decrement in BDBR.
Sang Chul Park,Hongmin Kim,Yeeun Bak,Dahee Shim,권기웅,Chang-Hoon Kim,윤주헌,신성재 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.3
Purpose: Simple and reliable animal models of human diseases contribute to the understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as the development of therapeutic interventions. Although several murine models to mimic human asthma have been established, most of them require anesthesia, resulting in variability among test individuals, and do not mimic asthmatic responses accompanied by T-helper (Th) 17 and neutrophils. As dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play an important role in initiating and maintaining asthmatic inflammation, we developed an asthma model via adoptive transfer of allergen-loaded DCs. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA)-loaded bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) (OVA-BMDCs) were injected intravenously 3 times into non-anesthetized C57BL/6 mice after intraperitoneal OVA-sensitization. Results: OVA-BMDC-transferred mice developed severe asthmatic immune responses when compared with mice receiving conventional OVA challenge intranasally. Notably, remarkable increases in systemic immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 responses, Th2/Th17-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13 and IL-17), Th2/Th17-skewed T-cell responses, and cellular components, including eosinophils, neutrophils, and goblet cells, were observed in the lungs of OVA-BMDC-transferred mice. Moreover, the asthmatic immune responses and severity of inflammation were correlated with the number of OVA-BMDCs transferred, indicating that the disease severity and asthma type may be adjusted according to the experimental purpose by this method. Furthermore, this model exhibited less variation among the test individuals than the conventional model. In addition, this DCs-based asthma model was partially resistant to steroid treatment. Conclusions: A reliable murine model of asthma by intravenous (i.v.) transfer of OVA-BMDCs was successfully established without anesthesia. This model more accurately reflects heterogeneous human asthma, exhibiting a robust Th2/Th17-skewed response and eosinophilic/neutrophilic infiltration with good reproducibility and low variation among individuals. This model will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of asthma and would serve as an alternative tool for immunological studies on the function of DCs, T-cell responses and new drugs.