Comparison of Interferon-γ Release Assays and the Tuberculin Skin Test for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review

( Kristen Overton ),( B. Sc. ),( M. B. B. S. ),( M. P. H. T. M. ),( Rick Varma ),( Mb. Ch. B. ),( M. R. C. P. (u. K. ) ),( F. A. Ch. S. H. M. ),( Dip. Hiv ),( Dip. Gum,D. T. M. &h. ),( D. F. F. P. ),( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2018 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.81 No.1

Background: It remains uncertain if interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are superior to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immunosuppressed populations including people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the performance of IGRAs and the TST in people with HIV with active TB or LTBI in low and high prevalence TB countries. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database from 1966 through to January 2017 for studies that compared results of the TST with either the commercial QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube (QFTGT) assay or previous assay versions, the T-SPOT.TB assay or in-house IGRAs. Data were summarized by TB prevalence. Tests for concordance and differences in proportions were undertaken as appropriate. The variation in study methodology was appraised. Results: Thirty-two studies including 4,856 HIV subjects met the search criteria. Fourteen studies compared the tests in subjects with LTBI in low TB prevalence settings. The QFTGT had a similar rate of reactivity to the TST, although the first-generation version of that assay was reactive more commonly. IGRAs were more frequently positive than the TST in HIV infected subjects with active TB. There was considerable study methodology and population heterogeneity, and generally low concordance between tests. Both the TST and IGRAs were affected by CD4 T-cell immunodeficiency. Conclusion: Our review of comparative data does not provide robust evidence to support the assertion that the IGRAs are superior to the TST when used in HIV infected subjects to diagnose either active TB or LTBI.

Factors Associated with Early Adverse Events after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Subsequent to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Yasser Ali Kamal, M.Sc.,Yasser Shaban Mubarak, M.D.,Ashraf Ali Alshorbagy, M.D. 대한흉부외과학회 2016 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.49 No.3

Background: A previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may affect the outcomes of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The objective of this study was to compare the early in-hospital postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent CABG with or without previous PCI. Methods: The present study included 160 patients who underwent isolated elective on-pump CABG at the department of cardiothoracic surgery, Minia University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Patients who previously underwent PCI (n=38) were compared to patients who did not (n=122). Preoperative, operative, and early in-hospital postoperative data were analyzed. The end points of the study were in-hospital mortality and postoperative major adverse events. Results: Non-significant differences were found between the study groups regarding preoperative demographic data, risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, EuroSCORE, the presence of left main disease, reoperation for bleeding, postoperative acute myocardial infarction, a neurological deficit, need for renal dialysis, hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. The average time from PCI to CABG was 13.9±5.4 years. The previous PCI group exhibited a significantly larger proportion of patients who experienced in-hospital major adverse events (15.8% vs. 2.5%, p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, only previous PCI was found to be a significant predictor of major adverse events (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.71; p=0.01). Conclusion: Previous PCI was found to have a significant effect on the incidence of early major adverse events after CABG. Further large-scale and long-term studies are recommended.

원발성 부갑상선선종 1예

박병문,주정빈,Byung Moon Park,M.D. and Chung Bin Chu,D.M.Sc. 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.1

A 65 years old male, who had complained of severe lower back pain with generalized muscular weakness, nausea and constipation since last 18 months, showed typical loboratory and radilogical findings of primary hyperparathyroidism. It had extensive skeletal involvement and some urological complication. The mass, which was palpated in the right upper corner of the thyroid, was surgically completely removed. It was measured 8×4×3 cm, and was weighed 38 gm. Microscopic examination revealed adenoma of the parathyroid gland consisting of small dark chiefe ells. Postoperative course has been satisfactory. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:52-56)

What customers want? -Determing of requirements and their relevance!

( Dipl. -ing. S. Peplowsky ),( A. Kawald,B. Sc. ),( D. Dobbrick,B. Sc. ),( B. Rich,M. Sc. ),( Prof. Dr. -ing. R. Woll ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose: Nowadays a customer, who wants to buy a high quality product, faces to a variety of choices and decision possibilities. This results in a higher risk, that the customer does not get the product which he has imagined. This could be particularly annoying for high involvement purchases. Hence, the present research project is developing selection assistance for customers. The peculiarity of this selection support is that not only objective requirements should be processed as usual, but also subjective requirements. The main focus is on contradictions and interactions between the individual product requirements. A current study of the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research from July 2014 shows that, around 790,000 persons in Germany have the intention to buy a new motorbike within the next two years. For this reason a motorbike was chosen as research object. Before the customer can fulfill his dream of an own motorbike, he has to manage the range of motorbike models. To find the right motorcycle is difficult and depends on numerous of individual factors. The intention of this paper is to determine, which requirements are purchasing decisions and furthermore to prove, whether these criteria can be assigned to different customer profiles. This will help to simplify the decision process of prospective customers. Methodology: The topic of this paper was examined by a literature research and two studies. For this purpose a face-to-face interview was carried out. Results of these interviews were requirements, which provide helping individuals when buying a motorcycle. Based on a cluster analysis around 1,000 customer requirements were compressed in 37 different criteria. Since the basis of the most frequently mentioned requirement cannot be inferred directly to their relevance for the purchase decision, the significances of the identified criteria were evaluated by means of another survey. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted, which was, among other things communicated through various motorcycle forums. The data of 1,011 participants were evaluated and analyzed for specifics regarding exemplary customer profiles. Both gender-specific and age-specific differences were seen. Results: It can be noted, that there are only slight differences concerning the relevance of requested customer requirements. The cliches of women preferring looks and men preferring performance could not be confirmed in the study. For both profiles, the handling is the most relevant attribute for a motorcycle purchase and should receive attention of potential purchaser. The results of the generated ranking of most important requirement regarding each customer group enable a decision support for the potential motorbike purchaser. Value of paper: The conducted investigation is a part of a current research project. Based on the subject motorbikes, contradictions and interactions of the requirement management will be investigated.

Effect of Oral Contraceptive Agents on Thiamine Status

Sithichai Egoramaiphol, B.S,Panata Migasena, M.D,Kanjana Hongtong, B.Sc 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1983 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

본 조사연구의 결과는 여성에 있어서 시아민(비타민 B)의 결핍상태가 아닌 것으로 증명되고 있다. 저위의 사회경제적 수준에서 보다 고위의 사회경제적 수준에서 시아민에 대한 OCA의 영향은 큰 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 통계적 분석에서는 유의성의 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타나고 있다. (표-2 참조) 저위의 사회경제적 수준에서는 시아민이 부족하기 때문이다.

THE TAIWANESE-AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY PROJECT STELLAR VARIABILITY. III. DETECTION OF 58 NEW VARIABLE STARS

Ishioka, R.,Wang, S.-Y.,Zhang, Z.-W.,Lehner, M. J.,Alcock, C.,Axelrod, T.,Bianco, F. B.,Byun, Y.-I.,Chen, W. P.,Cook, K. H.,Kim, D.-W.,King, S.-K.,Lee, T.,Marshall, S. L.,Protopapas, P.,Rice, J. A.,Sc American Institute of Physics 2014 The Astronomical journal Vol.147 No.4

<P>The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey project is designed for the detection of stellar occultations by small-size Kuiper Belt Objects, and it has monitored selected fields along the ecliptic plane by using four telescopes with a 3 deg<SUP>2</SUP> field of view on the sky since 2005. We have analyzed data accumulated during 2005-2012 to detect variable stars. Sixteen fields with observations of more than 100 epochs were examined. We recovered 85 variables among a total of 158 known variable stars in these 16 fields. Most of the unrecovered variables are located in the fields observed less frequently. We also detected 58 variable stars which are not listed in the International Variable Star Index of the American Association of Variable Star Observers. These variable stars are classified as 3 RR Lyrae, 4 Cepheid, 1 δ Scuti, 5 Mira, 15 semi-regular, and 27 eclipsing binaries based on the periodicity and the profile of the light curves.</P>