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Saravanakumar, D.,Nagarale, Rajaram Krishna,Jirimali, Harish Chandra,Lee, Jong Myung,Song, Jieun,Lee, Junghyun,Shin, Woonsup The Korean Electrochemical Society 2016 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.7 No.4
The development of non-precious metal based electrocatalysts is highly desired for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as alternates to noble metal based ORR electrocatalysts. Herein, we report mononulcear copper(II) complex $[CuLbpy]ClO_4$ (L=4-[(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl]benzoic acid) containing poly(allylamine.HCl) polymer (PAlACuLbpy) as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). PAlACuLbpy was mixed with poly(acrylic acid) and tetraethylortho silicate to prepare a composite and then deposited on the screen printed electrode surface. The modified electrode (PAlACuLbpy/PCE) is highly stable and showed a quasi-reversible redox behavior with $E_{1/2}=-0.2V$ vs. Ag/AgCl(3 M KCl) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 under argon atmosphere. PAlACuLbpy/PCE exhibited a remarkable ORR activity with an onset potential of -0.1 V vs Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M PB (pH 7) in the presence of oxygen. The kinetics for ORR was studied by rotating disk voltammetry in neutral aqueous medium and the results indicated that the number of electrons involving in the ORR is four and the conversion products are water and hydrogen peroxide.
OPERATIONS GENERALIZED MAPPINGS ASSOCIATED WITH °¤p-NORMAL AND °¤p-REGULAR SPACES
D. SARAVANAKUMAR,G. SAI SUNDARA KRISHNAN 장전수학회 2012 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.15 No.4
In this paper, we introduced the concepts of (°, ¯¤)-generalized-pre-open (closed) mapping and (°¤, ¯)-generalized-pre-homeomorphism and studied some of their properties. Further we de¯ned (°¤, ¯¤)-generalized-pre-open (closed) mappings and (°¤, ¯¤)-generalized-pre-homeomorphism and character-ized them using °¤-gp.open (closed) sets and ¯¤-gp.open (closed) sets. Finally we characterized of °¤p-normal spaces and °¤p -regular spaces.
Bioreducible core-crosslinked hyaluronic acid micelle for targeted cancer therapy
Han, H.S.,Choi, K.Y.,Ko, H.,Jeon, J.,Saravanakumar, G.,Suh, Y.D.,Lee, D.S.,Park, J.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.200 No.-
For drug delivery nanocarriers to be a safe and effective therapeutic option, blood stability, tumor-targetability, and intracellular drug release features should be considered. In this study, to develop a potent drug delivery carrier that can meet the multiple requirements, we engineered a bioreducible core-crosslinked polymeric micelle based on hyaluronic acid (CC-HAM) by a facile method using d,l-dithiothreitol in aqueous conditions. The CC-HAM exhibited enhanced structural stability under diluted conditions with PBS containing FBS or sodium dodecyl sulfates. We also successfully encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX), chosen as a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, in CC-HAMs with high loading efficiency (>80%). The drug release rate of CC-HAMs was rapidly accelerated in the presence of glutathione, whereas the drug release was significantly retarded in physiological buffer (pH7.4). An in vivo biodistribution study demonstrated the superior tumor targetability of CC-HAMs to that of non-crosslinked HAMs, primarily ascribed to robust stability of CC-HAMs in the bloodstream. Notably, these results correspond with the improved pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation of DOX-loaded CC-HAMs as well as their excellent therapeutic efficacy. Overall, these results suggest that the robust, bioreducible CC-HAM can be applied as a potent doxorubicin delivery carrier for targeted cancer therapy.
Saravanakumar, Ramasamy,Stojanovic, Sreten B.,Radosavljevic, Damnjan D.,Ahn, Choon Ki,Karimi, Hamid Reza IEEE 2019 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.30 No.1
<P>In this paper, we study the problem of finite-time stability and passivity criteria for discrete-time neural networks (DNNs) with variable delays. The main objective is how to effectively evaluate the finite-time passivity conditions for NNs. To achieve this, some new weighted summation inequalities are proposed for application to a finite-sum term appearing in the forward difference of a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which helps to ensure that the considered delayed DNN is passive. The derived passivity criteria are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.</P>
On - -irresolute functions and --continuous functions in Topological spaces
N.Kalaivani,D. SARAVANAKUMAR,G. SAI SUNDARA KRISHNAN 장전수학회 2012 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.15 No.4
In this paper the notion of --irresolute functions in a topological space has been introduced and some of their properties are studied. Further the concept of -- continuous functions, --open functions and --closed functions have been introduced and the relationship among them are studied.
On a Class of γ<sup>*</sup>-pre-open Sets in Topological Spaces
Krishnan, G. Sai Sundara,Saravanakumar, D.,Ganster, M.,Ganster, M. Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.2
In this paper, a new class of open sets, namely ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets was introduced and its basic properties were studied. Moreover a new type of topology ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$ was generated using ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets and characterized the resultant topological space (X, ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$) as ${\gamma}^*$-pre-$T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space.
Ramasamy Selvam,Marimuthu Saravanakumar,Subramaniyam Suresh,CV Chandrasekeran,D Souza Prashanth 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.11
Objective: The study was designed to establish choline deficiency model (CDM) in broilers for evaluating efficacy of polyherbal formulation (PHF) in comparison with synthetic choline chloride (SCC). Methods: A total of 2,550 one-day-old Cobb 430 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to different groups in three experiments. In experiment 1, G1 and G2 served as normal controls and were fed a basal diet with 100% soybean meal (SBM) as a major protein source supplemented with and without SCC, respectively. In G3, G4, G5, and G6 groups, SBM was replaced at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by soy protein isolate (SPI) to induce a graded level of choline deficiency. In experiment 2, PHF (500 and 1,000 g/ton) in comparison with SCC (1,000 g/ton) were evaluated. In experiment 3, dose-response of PHF (200, 400, and 500 g/ton) with SCC (400 g/ton) was determined. Results: Replacement of SBM by SPI produced a linear decrease in body weight gain (BWG) with a poor feed conversion ratio (FCR). 25% SBM replacement by SPI yielded an optimum negative impact on BWG and FCR; hence, it is considered for further studies. In experiment 2, PHF (500 and 1,000 g/ton) and SCC (1,000 g/ton) showed a similar performance in BWG, FCR and relative liver weight. In experiment 3, PHF produced an optimum efficacy at 400 g/ton and was comparable to SCC in the restoration of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, abdominal fat, breast muscle lipid content and liver histopathological abnormalities. Conclusion: Replacement of SBM by SPI caused choline deficiency characterised by worsening of BWG, FCR, elevation in liver enzymes and histopathological changes indicating fatty liver. CDM was found valid for evaluating SCC and PHF. It is concluded that PHF has the potential to mimic biological activities of SCC through the restoration of negative effects caused by CDM.
Maruthamuthu, S,Chandrasekaran, J,Manoharan, D,Karthick, SN,Kim, Hee‐,Je,Saravanakumar, B John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Polymer international Vol.65 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nanocolloidal polypyrrole (PPy):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) particles were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using 15 wt% of PSS. The highly processable polymer composite (PPy:PSS) was spin‐coated at 4000 rpm on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass and subsequently employed as a counter electrode (CE) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). PPy:PSS multilayer (one, three, five) CEs were treated with CuBr<SUB>2</SUB> salt, which enhances the efficiency of the DSCs. Optical studies reveal that a bulkier counterion hinders interchain interactions of PPy which on salt treatment shows a moderate redshift in absorption maxima. Salt‐treated PPy:PSS films exhibit lower charge transfer resistance, higher surface roughness and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>, when compared with untreated films. The improved catalytic performance of salt‐treated PPy:PSS multilayer films is attributed to charge screening and conformational change of PPy, along with the removal of excess PSS. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, salt treatment is shown to boost the efficiency of multilayer PPy:PSS composite film‐based DSCs, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency of 6.18, 6.33 and 6.37% for one, three and five layers, respectively. These values are significantly higher (<I>ca</I> 50%) than those for corresponding devices without CuBr<SUB>2</SUB> salt treatment (3.48, 2.90 and 2.01%, respectively). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</P>