http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Corbett, Kizzmekia S.,Katzelnick, Leah,Tissera, Hasitha,Amerasinghe, Ananda,de Silva, Aruna Dharshan,de Silva, Aravinda M. Oxford University Press 2015 The Journal of infectious diseases Vol.211 No.4
<P>Dengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that infect humans. The clinical presentation of DENV infection ranges from inapparent infection to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. We analyzed samples from a pediatric dengue cohort study in Sri Lanka to explore whether antibody responses differentiated clinically apparent infections from clinically inapparent infections. In DENV-naive individuals exposed to primary DENV infections, we observed no difference in the quantity or quality of acquired antibodies between inapparent and apparent infections. Children who experienced primary infections had broad, serotype–cross-neutralizing antibody responses that narrowed in breadth to a single serotype over a 12-month period after infection. In DENV immune children who were experiencing a repeat infection, we observed a strong association between preexisting neutralizing antibodies and clinical outcome. Notably, children with preexisting monospecific neutralizing antibody responses were more likely to develop fever than children with cross-neutralizing responses. Preexisting DENV neutralizing antibodies are correlated with protection from dengue disease.</P>
Past and Present Definitions of the Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants
Corbett, J.L.,Freer, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.4
The genesis of methods for defining the nutritional value of feeds and the nutrient requirements of animals, and their development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe and the USA are outlined. Current energy and protein feeding systems for ruminants are described. Particular reference is made to the Australian systems which are applicable to grazing animals as well as to those given prepared feeds, and enable the effective nutritional management of a imals at pasture by means of the decision support tool GrazFeed. The scheme for predicting intakes by cattle and sheep from pastures allows for the effects of selective grazing on the composition of the feed eaten, and for reduction in herbage intake when a supplementary feed is consumed. For herbage of any given concentration of metabolizable energy (ME) in the feed dry matter the changes with season of year in the net efficiency of use of the ME for growth and fattening and in the yield of microbial crude protein, g/MJ ME, which both vary with latitude, are defined. An equation to predict the energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) of both cattle and sheep includes predictions of the additional energy costs incurred by grazing compared with housed animals and the cost, if any, of cold stress. The equation allows for the change in MEm with feed intake. A flexible procedure predicts the composition of liveweight gain made by any given breed or sex of cattle and sheep at any stage of growth, and the variation with rate of gain. Protein requirements for maintenance, production including wool growth, and reproduction, are related to the quantities of microbial true protein and undegraded dietary protein truly digested in the small intestine.
2000년대 호주 , 뉴질랜드 및 인도네시아 축산업 전망
Corbett, J L 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.5
Features f animal agriculture in Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia are outlined, with reference to biological and political constraints on production. Possibilities are discussed for increases in productivity from improvements in animal breeding, reproduction, health, nutrition, management, and quality of products. Gains in knowledge of the nature of physiological processes and their control, will make possible substantial increases from more exact management of nutrition for desired responses and from use of hormonal and other agents. New agents will come into use from advances in biotechnology, including the development of a variety of recombinant DNA products which will also make major contributions to the diagnosis and control of disease. Possibilities for establishing and using transgenic animals are unlikely to be clarified before the year 2000, though by that time rumen microbes more effective in feed fermentation might well have been engineered.
Production and Use of Feed for Sustainable Animal Production in Australia - Review -
Rowe, J.B.,Corbett, J.L. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.3
This paper summarizes the size and output of the major animal industries in Australia and the feed resource available to maintain production. The most important feed source is pasture but there is also extensive use of cereal grains, pulses and by-products in the intensive animal industries and in supplementing the diet of grazing animals. These resources must be used in ways that ensure sustainable production. We outline a number of Decision Support Systems such as GrazFeed, GrassGro, and AusPig which play an important role in optimizing the way in which resources are used. Waste management with respect to mineral pollution of water courses and methane production as a greenhouse gas are important issues for the animal industries and are also considered.
Dumond, Julie B,Yeh, Rosa F,Patterson, Kristine B,Corbett, Amanda H,Jung, Byung Hwa,Rezk, Naser L,Bridges, Arlene S,Stewart, Paul W,Cohen, Myron S,Kashuba, Angela DM Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 2007 AIDS -LONDON- CURRENT SCIENCE THEN RAPID SCIENCE P Vol.21 No.14
OBJECTIVES:: To describe first dose and steady state antiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract. DESIGN:: Non-blinded, single center, open-label pharmacokinetic study in HIV-infected women. METHOD:: Twenty-seven women initiating combination antiretroviral therapy underwent comprehensive blood plasma and cervicovaginal fluid sampling for drug concentrations during the first dose of antiretroviral therapy and at steady-state. Drug concentrations were measured by validated HPLC/UV or HPLC-MS/MS methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for 11 drugs by non-compartmental analysis. Descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals were generated using Intercooled STATA Release 8.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA). RESULTS:: For all antiretroviral drugs, genital tract concentrations were detected rapidly after the first dose. Drugs were stratified according to the genital tract concentrations achieved relative to blood plasma. Median rank order of highest to lowest genital tract concentrations relative to blood plasma at steady state were: lamivudine (concentrations achieved were 411% greater than blood plasma), emtricitabine (395%), zidovudine (235%) tenofovir (75%), ritonavir (26%), didanosine (21%), atazanavir (18%), lopinavir (8%), abacavir (8%), stavudine (5%), and efavirenz (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS:: This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate antiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract. These findings support the use of lamivudine, zidovudine, tenofovir and emtricitabine as excellent pre-exposure/post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) candidates. Atazanavir and lopinavir might be useful agents for these applications due to favorable therapeutic indices, despite lower genital tract concentrations. Agents such as stavudine, abacavir, and efavirenz that achieve genital tract exposures less than 10% of blood plasma are less attractive PrEP/PEP candidates.