Pollen Viability of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) in in vitro Germination and its Application to Male Gametophyte Isolation

Woo, Sun-HeeㆍKeun-Yook ChungㆍHeung-Tae, KimㆍYong-Gu, ChoㆍHong-Sig, KimㆍBeom-Heon, Songㆍ Chul-Won, Lee and Seung-Keun Jong 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2004 農業科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

이동 위성통신 채널에서 인터리빙을 이용한 트렐리스 부호화된 MDRSK의 다중 심벌 검파

鄭瑾會,金宗一 관동대학교 1997 關大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

In order to improve the performance of the trellis-coded MDPSK, this paper proposes the Viterbi decoder that have the squared Euclidean distance of Lth order phase difference as well as 1st order phase difference as the branch metrics by using the multiple symbol detection method. In the satellite communication, the random error by an additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) and the burst error by fadding take place. The conventional trellis-coded modulation system is suitable for AWGN, but it has the fault that the performance decreases in satellite communication channel. For the purpose of complementing these fault, the interleaving technique is used in this paper. Furthermore, we also improve in performance by applying TCM, with the multiple symbol detection, for the satellite communication channel which power and bandwidth are limited.

韓國農村의 近代化와 小作農에 관한 硏究 : 嶺南 地方을 中心으로

鄭喆洙,金種震,尹槿燮 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1978 東洋文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

1. Duration of the Project: fron June 1977 to July 1978 2. Objectives of the Project: 1) An empirical survey on the real state and practices of the tenancy in rural community. 2) An analysis of the mobility of tenants and the relationships which exist between tenants and landlords. 3) Determining the orientation of the tenants' pattern of thought. 4) Examination of socio-economic factors related to the retardation of agricultural modernization under farm tenancy. 3. Methodology: Fourty rural villages, of these three types-villages near a city, in a plain and in a mountainous remote areas-have been selected for this research in Kyungsangbuk-do and Kyungsangnam-do areas. A tota1 of 3166 households were doing farming as their main occupations. Out of these 3166 farm households, there were 878 small tenant farm households (27.7%) which iuclude pure tenants, tenant farmers with their own farms, own farmers with tenant farms, ancestor worship farm tenants and others. Two thirds of these 878 tenant farmers (585 household heads) were selected for this research. However, a total of 514 tenants (responding rate:88%) out of 585 tenants were possible for interview. These 514 tenant farmers were subjects of analysis for this research. The findings are summarized in the following: (1) To see the ratio of tenant farm households to the total farm in suburban willages which are located near a city (48.5%); the next remote villages located in remote mountainous areas (23.1%) and plain villages located in a plain (20.6%). The reason for these differential ratio of tenant farmers in different types of villages may be explained in terms of rich urban residents' capability to buy farmlands near their living cities and then to rent those farms to the vi11age tenant farmers. (2) Around 90% of 514 respondents are males and they are mainly in their 40s and 50s(65%). 82% of them had less than elementary school education. There are 6.5 persons per household on the average. This number of average household members exceeds average number of Korean household members by 1.4 persons (1975). (3) 68% of all respondents farm less than one jongbo of arable land per house hold. Extremely poor farmers who farm less than 5 danbo are 22% of all respondents. Among these figures, pure tenant farmers are almost half of these extremely poor farmers(47%). As a whole, the size of tenant farmlands per household is: less than one jongbo(93%), less than five danbo(97%). The ratio of tenant farm area to the total average arable land per household is 57%. (4) Annual average income per household is: less than 700,000 won (55%), more than 1,000,000 won(24%). 87% of those pure tenant farmers, on the average, record an annual average income of less than 700,000 won. Compared with an annual average income of 1,430,000 won of Korean rural residents per household(1977), A majority of tenant farmers are earning less than half of the Korean farm household annual income in general. (5) 88% of all respondent farmers live in their own houses. However, only 65% of pure tenant farmers live in their own houses. Cultural conveniences include radio and TV (16% respectively), newspaper subscription (16%), and use of toothpasts(2.5%). (6) 65% of respondents have lived in their present villages since before August 15th(1945) Korean Liberation Day (i.e. for more than 30 years they have lived in the villages); These farmers born in their village comprise 31% while immigrants from other places are 69%. Out of these 69% of tenant farmers who moved in the present villages, a majority of them(90%) are from rural areas of their province of origin. (7) Social mobility of tenant farmers: 68% of respondents were farmers as thier previous occupations, and about 18% of respondents were front non-agricultural backgrounds (mannual laborers, agricultural laborers, salers, and tne non-employed). Around 23% of respondents who were landlords before the Land Reform showed downward social mobility by becoming tenant farmers after the Land Reform. About 21% of respondents showed reverse social mobility trend, i.e. upward social mobility from farm laborers or farm servants. Those tenant farmers whose fathers were own farmers or landlords were about 40% of all respondents while those who showed intergenerational upward mobility from employed laborer status to tenant farming covers only six per cent of all respondents. (8) Practice of tenancy has a long history in Korea, and the three different types of tenancy in general practice are: 1) fix ground rent (Jongdo-bob) which tenant farmer pays a certain amount of rent to the landlord regardless of good of bad harvest, 2) after-harvest rent (Tajak-bob) in which a certain amount of tenant rate is predetermined in advance, however, the actual amount of crops may vary depending upon the amount of crops well or illharvested, 3) before-harvest rent (Doji-bob) in which tenant rent is decided upon just before the harvest mainly by the estimates of the crops by tenant farmers and landlords. In this research we find that 49% of respondents are in after-harvest rent practice 42% in fix ground rent practice and 6% in before-harvest rent practice. Eighty-two percent of tenant farmers pay their rents by way of rice crops and only 13% of them pay the rent in cash. In the case of the after-harvest rent practice, 88% of the tenant farmers divide the harvest crops in half with the landlords. A total of 79 tenant farmers (15%) out of 514 tenant farmers pay some part of between-rice crops as their tenant rents in addition to the heavy main rents. In varying degrees, the tenant farmers pay land taxes(52%), and water tax or seed expenses and fertilizer cost (85%). Almost 47% of tenant farmers bear half of the lenses of carrying the rent crop to the landlord's house. 32% of tenants carry the rent crop to the landlord's house with tenant's expenses. (9) Tenant period tends not to be definite in terms of contracts (68%). About 89% of tenants rent the farms from the landlords by oral contracts. Around 87% of the tenants pay their rent after the harvest is completed. (10) Half of the tenant farmers have no kinship relations with their landlords. Around one third of the tenant farmers rent farms from close kinsmen including parent-child relations. Around 68% of landlords live in the villages, while 29% of landlords live in the cities. The landlords control the tenant frmers directly without brokers between them. (11) On the questions of their attitudes toward farming occupation, around 60% of tenant farmers expressed dissatisfaction of their farming occupation. About 40% of them satisfied themselves with their occupation, and equally about 40% of them cited farming or agriculature as their desired occupation. Asked what occupation they want their children to work on, they cited govern ment offices, teaching, sales. Agriculture or farming found the lowest scale of the desire. Judging from these phenomena, the tenant farmers do not like farming inside their heart. Therefore, those tenant farmers who really like working on the farm are not many. (12) Around over one third of tenant farmers think there are some differences in the harvest amount between their own lands and their related lands. The main reason for this pattern of thought seems to be in their attachment to their lands. Around 38% of those respondents answered in the positive when asked whether they could produce more harvest if their tenanted lands were their own lands. The majority of tenant farmers responded favorably to the Land Reform. In the above we reviewed the real state of tenancy in Korea. Although around 30 years have passed since the Land Reform in 1949, we have unfortunately found the actual existence of landlord-tenant relations which are forbidden by law. The existence of tenancy impedes the modernization of rural Korean community. Those tenant farmers who have only less than 24,506 acre of lands to cultivate are 70% of all respondents. These tenant farmers who pay 50% of their harvest as their rent to the landlords are around 90% of all the farmers interviewed. In addition, may of those tenants should bear the expenses of land taxes, water tax, seed purchase, fertilizer, other rents and the burden of carrying the crop rent to the landlords. Thus the majority of their annual average income are lower that half of that of Korean rural community in general. That is, their annual average income is only meager 700,000 won, forming lower income strata. However, these tenant families have 1.4 persons more members per family compared with the number of persons per family of the rural Korean community average in general. Thus, their subsistance faces further difficulty. These tenants, economically in difficult conditions, are also insulated from the cultural benefits of modernization. Their educational level shows that 80% of them had only less than 6 years of formal education. The fact that 16% of them posess radios and only 2.5% of them use toothpastes for brushing the teeth demonstrates their cultural deprivation. On the other hand, concerning the landlord tenant relationships, the oral contact dominate between the two parties, and no period of tenancy is decided in the beginning. Therefore we can safely see the practice of pre-modern patterns of practices. We think that the tenants still maintain the pre-modernization patterns of thought which can be seen in an answer by tenants to question on, what amount of rent would be desirable; around 58% of tenants said the proper amount of rent would be more than 40% of crops harvested. In short, for the rapid realization of Korean modernization and democratization, it is necessary to destroy the landlord-tenant relations according to the principle of "land to the tiller." In case of its difficulty to carry it out soon, at least we should see to it that the high rate of rent should be reduced to the level which may ease heavy burden of tenant farmers. These, measures should be taken steps soon so that the tenant farmers may enhance their level of life as well as enjoy the cultural benefits. These measures will help change some pattern of thought of tenant farmers.

通貨論的 接近方法에 의한 韓國 換率決定의 實證分析 : Kalman Filter를 이용하여 Using the Kalman Filter

정근존,이민환 한국경상학회, 한국국민경제학회 2003 경제연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구에서는 통화론적 모형에 근거하여 1996:Ⅰ-2001:Ⅳ의 분기별 원/달러 환율을 Kalman Filter를 이용하여 추정하였다. 추정결과 환율에 대한 통화량과 실질소득 변수의 추정계수들이 이론적 부호와 일치할 뿐 아니라 통계적 유의성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 통화량 변수ㄹ M1보다 시중의 유동성을 정확히 반영하는 M2, 더욱이 M3를 이용하는 경우에 통계적 유의성이 높을 뿐만 아니라, 추정계수의 크기가 증대하며 또한 우수한 예측력을 나타내고 있다. 아울러 외환위기를 겪은 1994년 4/4분기의 구조적 변동을 추정계수의 변화로 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 외환 및 자본자유화의 진전이 더욱 가속화되는 우리나라에서 환율변화에 대한 설명으로써 통화론적 접근 모형의 유용성이 증대되리라는 것을 시사한다. Based on the monetary approach, this paper estimates the exchange rate of Korea against U.S. in 1996:Ⅰ - 2000:Ⅳ using the Kalman Filter. The result shows that the estimated coefficients of money stock and real income are consistent with the theoretical signs and highly significant. Particularly, using the M2 and M3 instead of M1. the estimated coefficients are significant and increasing through t h e time with better forecasting ability. Also we found t h a t there was a structural change in exchange rate at the foreign currency crisis in the late 1997 in Korea. These results, in the face of more liberalization of foreign currency and capital movement, the monetary approach will be useful in explaining the change in exchange rate in Korea.

골프장의 잔디 토양에서 살균제 Tolclofosmethyl의 분해

정근욱,우선희,김흥태,사동민,김영기,홍순달,김재정,이재구 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Tolclofosmethyl (TCFM) is heavily and annually applied to the turf soils of most golf courses in Gyeongju to control the fungi known to cause the disease brown patch. The soil samples used for the experiment was collected three weeks after the annual application at the end of May in the year 2002. The preliminary results obtained from this study demonstrated that the repeated field annual applications of TCFM to the turf soils of a golf course located in Gyeongju city in the southern area of Korea showed the enhanced degradation of the parent compound TCFM, especially in the surface (0~15 cm) soil rather than the shallow subsurface (15~30 cm) and deep subsurface (30~45 cm) soils, compared to the corresponding surface (0~15 cm) and shallow and deep subsurface (15~30 cm and 30~45 cm) soils of the untreated plot. It appears that microorganisms in the soil may be involved in the enhanced degradation of TCFM.

쥐노래미 Hexagrammos otakii의 난소 발달단계에 따른 간세포의 활성변화

정의영,강희웅,이근우 한국어류학회 2002 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

암컷 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos otakii)의 생식소중량지수(GSI)는 9월에 증가되기 시작하여 11월에 최대에 도달하였다. 쥐노래미의 생식주기는 연속적인 5단계로 나눌 수 있었다: 성장전기(7월), 성장후기(7~8월), 성숙기(9~10월), 완숙 및 산란기(9~12월), 회복 및 휴지기(12~6월). 간중량지수(HSI)의 월변화는 GSI변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 성장전기에 다량의 지방적과 글리코겐 입자들이 간세포내에 존재하였다. 특히, 이 시기에 간세포는 헤마톡실린에 약하게 염색되었다. 성장후기부터 성숙기에 간세포의 크기는 증대되었으며 간세포질내 글리코겐과 지방적들의 양은 감소된 반면, 호염기성 물질 축적이 증가하였다. 산란기부터 회복 및 휴지기에는 간세포내에 호염기성 물질 축적이 감소된 반면, 다량의 지방적과 글리코겐입자가 축적되었다. 간세포내의 총단백질, 총지질 및 글리코겐함량(%)의 최대값은 각각 9월(성숙기), 7월(성장전기), 3월(휴지기)에 나타났다. The GSI in the female greenling Hexagrammos otakii, began to increase in September and reached a maximum in November. The reproductive cycle of the greenling can be divided into five successive stage: early-growing stage(July), late- growing stage(July to August), mature stage(September to October), ripe-and-spent stages(September to December), and recovery-and-resting stages(December to June). Monthly changes in the HSI showed a similar pattern with those of the GSI. In the early- growing stage, a lot of lipid droplets, and glycogen particles were present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Especially, the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were weakly stained with hematoxylin. In the late- growing to mature stage, hepatocytes became large, and the amount of glycogen and lipid droplets in hepatocytes gradually decreased, while basophilic substance increased. In the spawning to recovery-and-resting stages, basophilic substances decreased in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. However, lots of lipid droplets and glycogen were stored in the hepatocytes. The maxium total protein, lipid and glycogen contents(%) in the hepatocytes appeared in September(mature stage), July(early-growing stage) and March(resting stage), respectively.

白鼠檢狀突起軟骨의 Acidic Glycosaminoglycan에 關한 硏究

鄭泰英,崔根培 대한구강생물학회 1977 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.1 No.1

A study was made of acidic glycosaminoglycans of the xiphoid process of rat sternum, which the rats were orally administered with 10^4 I. U. of vitamin A daily for 45 days. Acidic glycosaminoglycans were separated with cetyl pyridinium chloride andanalyzed by chemical, electrophoretical, and enzymatical methods. The average total amount of acidic glycosaminoglycans(expressed as uronic acid) was 0.94% in normal group and 0.96% in the group administered with vitamin A. Acidic glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage of normal rat sternum proved to be chondrostin-4-sulfate(87.84%), hyaluronic acid(9.35%) and dermatan sulfate(2.82%). Dermatan sulfate increased slightly in the group administered with vitamin A.

고급 산화법과 생물학적 방법을 이용한 TCE 분해에 관한 연구고찰

정근욱 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2003 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.5

고급산화법(advanced oxidation process)에서 O_(3), O_(3)/pH AOP 및 O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2) AOP 및 공정에 의한 TCE(Trichloroethylene)처리성과 처리조건이 조사되었다. TCE농도변화에 따른 오존처리 효과를 평가한 결과 초기농도가 높을수록 오존이용률과 TCE제거량이 증가하였다. 60ppm TCE에 대하여 pH변화에 의한 TCE제거율 변화를 비교한 결과pH7과 10에서 거의 동일한 속도로 제거되었다. O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2) AOP공정에서 과산화수소와 오존과의 무게비(O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2) AOP (W/W)ration)가 약 0.8일 때 TCE제거속도가 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. O_(3)/pH AOP와 달리 pH10에서 TCE제거속도가 가장 느렸으나 pH7에서 O_(3)/pH AOP는 O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2) AOP 보다 더 효과적으로 TCE를 제거할 수 있었다. 적절한 조건하에서 O_(3)/pH AOP는 고농도 TCE처리에 매우 효율적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있다. 이산화티타늄에서 졸-겔법으로 유기화합물의 광분해반응용 TiO_(2)광촉매 상에서의 TCE의 광분해 반응특성을 조사하였다. 여기서 용존산소의 농도가 증가할수록 반응속도는 빨라졌으며 용액의 pH는 거의 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반응 후 생성되는 염소이온을 분석한 결과 반응한TCE가 완전한 CO_(2)와 HCI로 분해되지 않고 일부는 다른 부산물로 ehol는 것으로 생각되었고 용존산소의 농도가 증가할수록 부산물의 생성량은 감소하였다. 생물학적 방법중 가용성 메탄산화효소를 분비하는 혼합메탄자화균총 MM을 이용하여 난분해성 유기용제인 TCE를 분해하였다. MM의 배양액(O.D_(660)=4.5)을 이용하여 5ppm의 TCE를 20시간만에 완전분해하였다. 30ppm이상의 TCE는 MM의 메탄소모율을 저하 시켰으며, 한편 3ppm의 TCE를 세시간 처리하였을 때 84%의 분해율을 보였으나 1μM의 구리가 존재할 경우는 저해작용으로 인해 68%의 분해율을 보였다. 탈염소화를 이용한 생물학적 분해는 난분해성 물질로 알려진 PCE를 생물학적으로 처리하기 위해 혐기성 회분식실험을 수행하였으며, 상호대사를 통해 일어나는 PCE의 탈염소화 속도를 비교하기 위해 1차기질의 영향을 조사하였다. 회분식 실험을 수행한 결과 혐기성 미생물에 의해 PCE가 환원적 탈염소화반응을 통해 TCE로 변화되고 TCE가 다시 탈염소화 반응을 통해 제거되는 것을 관철되었다. 이러한 탈염소화 반응은 메탄이 발생하는 시기에 진행되었다. 1차기질에 따른 PCE의 탈염소화 반응속도를 비교해보기 위해 글루코스, 메탄올과 아세트산염을 사용한 결과 아세트산이 가장 좋은 1차기질로 나타났다.

구개열 아동 언어의 진단 평가

신효근,고승오,홍기환,서정환,고도흥,김현기 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

중첩 방전을 이용한 CO₂레이저의 동작 특성 : 다중펄스 중첩을 이용한 long 펄스형 CO₂레이저의 펄스 형상 제어 Pulse shape control of pulse CO₂laser using multiple-pulse superposition

정현주,김근용,정용호,정종한,송건주,김희제 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.60 No.-

본 연구에서는 PIC 원 칩 마이크로 프로세서 기술을 접목시켜, 저전압 측에서 2단 또는 3단의 회로를 능동적으로 중첩시킴으로써, 다양한 펄스폭을 가지는 고전압의 펄스형상을 만들었다. 이렇게 만들어진 다양한 중첩펄스를 현재 산업용 및 의료용으로 많이 사용되고 있는 CO2 레이저에 적용하여 각 단의 스위치의 트리거 지연시간에 따른 레이저 빔의 출력 특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 다양한 펄스폭을 가지는 레이저 빔을 얻을수가 있었고 특히, 3단 중첩회로에서 스위칭 지연 시간을 변화시킴에 따라 얻어진 레이저 펄스폭은 최소 약 4ms였고 최대 약 10ms였다. In this study, a variable pulse length, high duty cycle Pulse Forming Network(PFN) is constructed by time sequence. The power supply for this experiment consists of three switching circuits. Each switching circuit uses 2 mesh PFN, a charging circuit, a HV leakage transformer, and bridge rectifier on each transformer secondary. The PFN elements operate at low voltage and drive the primary of HV leakage transformer. The secondary of the transformer has a full-wave rectifier, which passes the pulse energy to the load in a continuous sequence. We investigated laser pulse width of pulsed CO2 laser as various delay time among three switching circuits. As a result, we can obtain various laser pulse width from about 4 to 10ms.