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Chung, S.Y.,Han, T.S.,Kim, S.Y.,Jay Kim, J.H.,Youm, K.S.,Lim, J.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CEMENT AND CONCRETE COMPOSITES Vol.65 No.-
Insulating concrete is a type of concrete that is designed to reduce thermal conductivity. Insulating concrete contains numerous voids that play an important role in reducing heat conduction. Therefore, appropriate nondestructive methods are required to examine the spatial distribution of voids and constituents in a concrete specimen. In this study, an insulating concrete specimen containing hollow glass beads to increase the insulating effect is adopted. Then, micro computed tomography (CT) is used to investigate the spatial distribution of the voids in this specimen. By using a micro CT device, a series of cross-sectional images of the specimen at micrometer-order pixel size are generated by X-rays. To quantitatively describe the spatial distribution of voids in the specimen, probability functions such as two-point correlation, lineal-path, and two-point cluster functions are adopted. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the specimen is evaluated using finite element simulation. The results clarify the insulating effect of glass beads on the concrete specimen and reveal a strong relationship between the probabilistic characteristics of the void distribution and the material responses of insulating concrete.
Roh, Kosan,Lim, Hyungmuk,Chung, Wonseok,Oh, Jaewoo,Yoo, Haeun,Al-Hunaidy, Ali S.,Imran, Hasan,Lee, Jay H. Elsevier 2018 Journal of CO₂ utilization Vol.26 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture and utilization technologies (CCU) are recently attracting attention as ways to reduce CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission and generate economic benefits at the same time. Since numerous potential products from CO<SUB>2</SUB> may be considered and multiple processing pathways are possible for each product, there is a growing demand for a tool that can aid in techno-economic and life cycle CO<SUB>2</SUB> analyses of a large number of CCU options, in order to identify promising ones. This work introduces a computer-aided analysis tool called ArKa-TAC<SUP>3</SUP> tailored for this purpose. ArKa-TAC<SUP>3</SUP> can calculate both techno-economic and CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction metrics of CCU processes in a fast and convenient manner. Sufficient flexibility is assured by adopting a superstructure model framework, which allows the user to conveniently describe a CCU processing network composed of multiple processing steps with a large number of technical options. To demonstrate the tool, a CCU process of acetic acid production is designed and its sustainability is analyzed by using it. By implementing the designed process in four different countries, it is verified that the CCU process can be made sustainable by adopting the process substitution strategies its implementation. Some perspectives on potential applications of the developed tool are given.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ArKa-TAC<SUP>3</SUP>, a computer-aided analysis tool tailored to CCU processes is developed. </LI> <LI> Multiple CCU paths can be handled by adopting superstructure model framework. </LI> <LI> Techno-economic and CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction metrics of CCU processes cab be calculated simultaneously. </LI> <LI> Implementation of a CO<SUB>2</SUB>-based acetic acid plant in four different countries is examined. </LI> </UL> </P>
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway
Kim Jeonghan,Kim Ho-Shik,Chung Jay H. 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
In addition to constituting the genetic material of an organism, DNA is a tracer for the recognition of foreign pathogens and a trigger of the innate immune system. cGAS functions as a sensor of double-stranded DNA fragments and initiates an immune response via the adaptor protein STING. The cGAS-STING pathway not only defends cells against various DNA-containing pathogens but also modulates many pathological processes caused by the immune response to the ectopic localization of self-DNA, such as cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and extranuclear chromatin. In addition, macrophages can cause inflammation by forming a class of protein complexes called inflammasomes, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the release of oxidized mtDNA. In innate immunity related to inflammasomes, mtDNA release is mediated by macropores that are formed on the outer membrane of mitochondria via VDAC oligomerization. These macropores are specifically formed in response to mitochondrial stress and tissue damage, and the inhibition of VDAC oligomerization mitigates this inflammatory response. The rapidly expanding area of research on the mechanisms by which mtDNA is released and triggers inflammation has revealed new treatment strategies not only for inflammation but also, surprisingly, for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Yoo, Eunjae,Kim, Byung U,Lee, Seung Youn,Cho, Chae Hyun,Chung, Jay H,Lee, Chang-Hun Nature Publishing Group 2005 Oncogene Vol.24 No.35
p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) acts as an ‘adaptor/mediator’ for transducing DNA damage signals, especially following detection of DNA double-strand breaks. In an effort to broaden our understanding of the protein network surrounding 53BP1, we isolated possible 53BP1 binding partners by co-immunoprecipitation, and identified them via tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The 53BP1-associated proteins included RPA1 and RPA2, two components of the replication protein A (RPA) complex. The presence of RPA components in the immunoprecipitates was confirmed by immunoblotting, and we found that the association between 53BP1 and RPA2 was disrupted following DNA damage induced by treatment with camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor. To investigate the functional meaning of the 53BP1 and RPA interaction, we established U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines stably expressing dominant-negative fragments of 53BP1. We found that camptothecin-induced RPA2 phosphorylation was inhibited in these cells, and also following 53BP1 knockdown by siRNA transfection. On the cellular level, camptothecin-induced apoptosis was augmented in the dominant-negative cell lines, resulting in increased chemosensitivity to this drug. Taken together, these results suggest that 53BP1 is involved in DNA damage-induced RPA2 hyperphosphorylation, and inhibition of 53BP1 function may sensitize cancer cells to camptothecin treatment.Oncogene (2005) 24, 5423–5430. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208710; published online 18 April 2005
Peptide Switch Is Essential for Sirt1 Deacetylase Activity
Kang, Hyeog,Suh, Jeong-Yong,Jung, Young-Sang,Jung, Jae-Won,Kim, Myung ,K.,Chung, Jay ,H. Elsevier 2011 Molecular cell Vol.44 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>In mammals, the Sirtuins are composed of seven Sir2 orthologs (Sirt1<B>–</B>7) with a conserved deacetylase core that utilizes NAD<SUP>+</SUP> as a cofactor. Interestingly, the deacetylase core of Sirt1 by itself has no catalytic activity. We found within the C-terminal domain a 25 aa sequence that is essential for Sirt1 activity (ESA). Our results indicate that the ESA region interacts with and functions as an “on switch” for the deacetylase core. The endogenous Sirt1 inhibitor DBC1, which also binds to the deacetylase core, competes with and inhibits the ESA region from interacting with the deacetylase core. We discovered an ESA mutant peptide that can bind to the deacetylase core and inhibit Sirt1 in <I>trans</I>. By using this mutant peptide, we were able to inhibit Sirt1 activity and to increase the chemosensitivity of androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the ESA region is a potential target for development of therapies to regulate Sirt1.</P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure id='dfig1'></ce:figure></P><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► The ESA region in the C-terminal domain is essential for Sirt1 activity ► The ESA region confers activity by interacting with the Sirtuin domain ► The ESA region increases Sirt1-substrate interaction ► Mutant ESA peptide inhibits Sirt1 and increases chemosensitivity in tumor cells</P>
한국인 수혈후 간염과 만성 간질환 환자에서의 C형 간염바이러스 감염동태 (제1보)
정규원 ( Jeong Gyu Won ),선희식 ( Seon Hui Sig ),정환국 ( Jeong Hwan Gug ),신호균 ( Sin Ho Gyun ),박충기 ( Park Chung Gi ),유재영 ( Yu Jae Yeong ),( Adrian M. Di Bisceglie ),( Jeanne J. Waggoner ),( Jay H. Hoofnagle ) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.6
N/A To investigate the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus infection in patients with various chronic liver diseases in Korea, we tested 240 serum samples using the Abbott enzyme immunoassay method. The result sare summarized as follows: 1) Among 57 patients with post-transfusion hepatitis(PTH), 38(66.7%) were positive for anti-HCV. Four out of 57 patients were also positive for HBsAg, of which three were positive for anti-HCV. 2) In 131 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, who had no history of blood transfusions, 60(45.8%) were positive for anti-HCV; of them 42 out of 85(49.4%) patients with chronic hepatitis, 14 out of 34(41.2%) with liver cirrhosis, and four out of 12(33.3%) with fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis were positive for anti-HCV. 3) In 27 patients with HBsAg negative hepatocellular carcinoma, 13(48.1%) were positive for anti-HCV. 4) In 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B, who were negative for HBeAg but had active liver disease by liver biopsy, two(8%) were positive for anti-HCV. In conclusion, the prevalence of type C hepatitis in Korea was similar to that of other countries. This test is useful in confirming the diagnosis of various chronic viral hepatitis patients in Korea. Meanwhile, studies of larger numbers of patients and blood donors are necessary to estimate the exact prevalence of this type of hepatitis in Korea.