韩国, 台湾, 日本直接投资对中国区域经济发展的影响

??(Liu, Chuan),金相郁(Kim, Sang Wook) 영남대학교 중국연구센터 2015 중국과 중국학 Vol.- No.25

외국인직접투자는 지역경제성장에 대해 적극적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 이미 많은 실증분석들이 이러한 관계를 증명하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구를 바탕으로 중국의 지역경제성장에 대한 외국인직접투자의 영향을 한국, 대만, 일본, 홍콩으로 구분해서 분석한다. 이들 4개 국가와 지역은 대부분이 제조업 특히 노동집약적 산업에 투자하고 있기 때문에 비교의 의의가 있다고 본다. 1992년-2000년 기간의 분석결과에 의하면 홍콩과 대만의 중국의 지역경제성장에 대한 통계적 유의성이 가장 높게 나타나고 있다. 이는 홍콩과 대만의 중국에 대한 직접투자가 비교적 일찍 시작되었으며 특히 노동집약적 산업에 집중되고 있기 때문이다. 2000년대 이후부터는 중국으로 유입되는 외국인직접투자가 제조업에서 3차 산업으로 확대되고 있다. 2001년-2012년 기간의 분석에 의하면 일본의 중국에 대한 외국인직접투자는 2차 산업과 3차 산업에 서 모두 통계적 유의성을 가지고 있다. 한국의 중국에 대한 외국인직접투자는 양적인 측면에서 비교적 큰 규모를 가지고 있다. 그러나 본 논문의 분석결과에 의하면 통계적 유의성이 높지 않다. 이는 홍콩과 대만 그리고 일본과 비교할 때 중국에 대한 직접투자의 연도가 상대적으로 짧기 때문으로 해석할 수 있다. This paper shows that the foreign direct investment was significant for the economic development of Chinese regional economy and the secondary industry. And for the tertiary industry, the significance gradually increased since 2001. According to the results of the regional panel data analysis of Korea, Taiwan and Japan, firstly, from 1992 to 2000 only Taiwan’s direct investment impact on regional economic development and secondary industry was significant. That is because Taiwan’s investments to China Mainland are in thirty-one provinces and autonomous regions, and their investment start earlier, which mainly in labor intensive industry. Therefore Taiwan has a strong impact on the economic development of China Mainland; secondly, with the transfer of the investment industry, the impact of direct investment of these three regions to regional economic development also has shifted from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, but Japan’s situation is slightly different. From 2001 to 2012 impact of Japan’s direct investment on regional economy and the secondary and tertiary industry was significant. This is different with the situation which Korea and Taiwan was significant only in regional economy and the tertiary industry; thirdly, it is generally considered that the investment development of Korean enterprises to Chinese manufacturing industry is good, so it should have bearing on the development of regional secondary industry, but the actual empirical analysis result is just the opposite. This is mainly because though Korea’s investment to China developed fast, but comparing with advanced country whether in the investment scale or special technology there is big gap between them.

Spatial Focalization of Zen-Meditation Brain Based on EEG

Liu, Chuan-Yi,Lo, Pei-Chen The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The aim of this paper is to report our preliminary results of investigating the spatial focalization of Zen-meditation EEG (electroencephalograph) in alpha band (8-13 Hz). For comparison, the study involved two groups of subjects, practitioners (experimental group) and non-practitioners (control group). To extract EEG alpha rhythm, wavelet analysis was applied to multi-channel EEG signals. Normalized alpha-power vectors were then constructed from spatial distribution of alpha powers, that were classified by Fuzzy C-means based algorithm to explore various brain spatial characteristics during meditation (or, at rest). Optimal number of clusters was determined by correlation coefficients of the membership-value vectors of each cluster center. Our results show that, in the experimental group, the incidence of frontal alpha activity varied in accordance with the meditation stage. The results demonstrated three different spatiotemporal modules consisting with three distinctive meditation stages normally recognized by meditation practitioners. The frontal alpha activity in two groups decreased in different ways. Particularly, monotonic decline was observed in the control group, and the experimental group showed increasing results. The phenomenon might imply various mechanisms employed by meditation and relaxation in modulating parietal alpha.

Experimental investigation on the subsurface stress distributions in specimens with different strengths after ultrasonic impact treatment

Chuan Liu,Jia-bin Shen,Chang-hua Lin,Jian-fei Wang,Jian-xin Wang 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.5

Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) was carried out on three specimens with different strengths and, to measure the subsurface stress distribution of the specimens, the layer-by-layer removal x-ray diffraction method was applied. The stress redistribution due to material removal was corrected by finite element analysis. The effect of material strength on the after-UIT subsurface stress was investigated. The results show that the UIT can cause a compressive stress layer with a depth of over 2.5 mm for specimens with different strengths, while the material strength has no significant effect on the depth of UIT-induced stress. The UIT-induced peak compressive stresses in the three specimens exceed the material yield strength, appearing at the depth of 0.2 mm beneath the surface and increasing with the increase of material yield strength. The ratio of UIT-induced peak compressive stress magnitude to material yield strength decreases with the increase of material yield strength.

Parthenolide promotes apoptotic cell death and inhibits the migration and invasion of SW620 cells

Liu, Yu Chuan,Kim, Se Lim,Park, Young Ran,Lee, Soo-Teik,Kim, Sang Wook Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Dis 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>Parthenolide (PT), a principle component derived from feverfew (<I>Tanacetum parthenium</I>), is a promising anticancer agent and has been shown to promote apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. In this study, we focused on its functional role in apoptosis, migration, and invasion of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>SW620 cells were employed as representative human CRC cells. We performed the MTT assay and cell cycle analysis to measure apoptotic cell death. The wound healing, Transwell migration, and Matrigel invasion assays were performed to investigate the effect of PT on cell migration/invasion. Western blotting was used to establish the signaling pathway of apoptosis and cell migration/invasion.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>PT exerts antiproliferative effect and induces apoptotic cell death of SW620 cells. In addition, PT prevents cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PT markedly suppressed migration/invasion-related protein expression, including E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin, Snail, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 in SW620 cells. PT also inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and activated apoptosis terminal factor (caspase-3) in a dose-dependent manner.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our results suggest that PT is a potential novel therapeutic agent for aggressive CRC treatment.</P>

A unified understanding of charge transport in organic semiconductors: the importance of attenuated delocalization for the carriers

Liu, Chuan,Huang, Kairong,Park, Won-Tae,Li, Minmin,Yang, Tengzhou,Liu, Xuying,Liang, Lijuan,Minari, Takeo,Noh, Yong-Young Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Polymer Chemistry Vol.4 No.4

<▼1><P>The generalized Einstein relation (GER) can unify various theoretical models and predict charge transport in OSCs with various crystallinities, by altering the variance of the density of states and the delocalization degree in a Gaussian-distributed density of states.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The variety of charge transport theories for organic semiconductors (OSCs) raises the question of which models should be selected for each case, and there is a lack of generalized understanding regarding various OSCs over the full range of crystallinity from single crystal to amorphous. Here, we report that the generalized Einstein relation (GER) can unify various theoretical models and predict charge transport in OSCs with various crystallinities, by altering the variance of the density of states and the delocalization degree in a Gaussian-distributed density of states. The GER also provides a good fitting to much of the experimental data of temperature- and gate-voltage-dependent mobility for different OSCs in transistors. Consequently, disorders of charge transport in various OSCs can be directly compared in the same map, which reveals how energetic disorder and the delocalization degree determine charge transport in organic devices.</P></▼2>

Organic thin-film transistors with over 10 cm²/Vs mobility through low-temperature solution coating

Liu, Chuan,Liu, Xuying,Minari, Takeo,Kanehara, Masayuki,Noh, Yong-Young The Korean Infomation Display Society 2018 Journal of information display Vol.19 No.2

Recent studies on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have reported high mobility values, but many of them showed non-ideal current-voltage characteristics that could lead to the overestimation of the mobility values. In this study, the non-ideal transistor behavior was briefly investigated by considering the effect of charge injection, and a method of overcoming the effect was developed. Correspondingly, various charge injection layers were developed, and their effects on the modification of metal contacts, including work function tuning and interfacial doping, were studied. The materials that had been coated formed a good metal-semiconductor interface through fine manipulation in the wetting and dewetting of the selected liquid. With such electrodes, the OTFTs were fabricated at room temperature and exhibited almost ideal transistor behavior in terms of the current-voltage characteristics, featuring high (over $10cm^2/Vs$) field-effect mobility.

Mining Proteins Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Complex Networks

Liu, Ying,Liu, Chuan-Xia,Wu, Zhong-Ting,Ge, Lin,Zhou, Hong-Mei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

The purpose of this study was to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Each protein was ranked and those most associated with OSCC were mined within the network. First, OSCC-related genes were retrieved from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Then they were mapped to their protein identifiers and a seed set of proteins was built. The seed proteins were expanded using the nearest neighbor expansion method to construct a PPI network through the Online Predicated Human Interaction Database (OPHID). The network was verified to be statistically significant, the score of each protein was evaluated by algorithm, then the OSCC-related proteins were ranked. 38 OSCC related seed proteins were expanded to 750 protein pairs. A protein-protein interaction nerwork was then constructed and the 30 top-ranked proteins listed. The four highest-scoring seed proteins were SMAD4, CTNNB1, HRAS, NOTCH1, and four non-seed proteins P53, EP300, SMAD3, SRC were mined using the nearest neighbor expansion method. The methods shown here may facilitate the discovery of important OSCC proteins and guide medical researchers in further pertinent studies.

Organic thin-film transistors with over 10 cm2/Vs mobility through low-temperature solution coating

Chuan Liu,Xuying Liu,Takeo Minari,Masayuki Kanehara,노용영 한국정보디스플레이학회 2018 Journal of information display Vol.19 No.2

Recent studies on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have reported high mobility values, but many of them showed non-ideal current–voltage characteristics that could lead to the overestimation of the mobility values. In this study, the non-ideal transistor behavior was briefly investigated by considering the effect of charge injection, and a method of overcoming the effect was developed. Correspondingly, various charge injection layers were developed, and their effects on the modification of metal contacts, including work function tuning and interfacial doping, were studied. The materials that had been coated formed a good metal-semiconductor interface through fine manipulation in the wetting and dewetting of the selected liquid. With such electrodes, the OTFTs were fabricated at room temperature and exhibited almost ideal transistor behavior in terms of the current–voltage characteristics, featuring high (over 10 cm2/Vs) field-effect mobility.

The CHEK2 I157T Variant and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Liu, Chuan,Wang, Ying,Wang, Qing-Shui,Wang, Ya-Jie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Background: The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene I157T variant may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, but it is unclear whether the evidence is sufficient to recommend testing for the mutation in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Elsevier and Springer for relevant articles published before Nov 2011. Summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) incidence rates were calculated using a random-effects model with STATA (version 10.0) software. Results: A total of fifteen case-control studies, including 19,621 cases and 27,001 controls based on the search criteria, were included for analysis. A significant association was found between carrying the CHEK2 I157T variant and increased risk of unselected breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.31-1.66, P < 0.0001), familial breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.16-1.89, P < 0.0001), and early-onset breast cancer (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.29-1.66, P < 0.0001). We found an even stronger significant association between the CHEK2 I157T C variant and increased risk of lobular type breast tumors (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 2.89-6.03, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our research indicates that the CHEK2 I157T variant may be another important genetic mutation which increases risk of breast cancer, especially the lobular type.

The CHEK2 I157T Variant and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Liu, Chuan,Wang, Qing-Shui,Wang, Ya-Jie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Background: The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene I157T variant may be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but it is unclear whether the evidence is sufficient to recommend testing for the mutation in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASES, Elsevier and Springer for relevant articles before Apr 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects models with Review Manager 5.0 software. Results: A total of seven studies including 4,029 cases and 13,844 controls based on the search criteria were included for analysis. A significant association of the CHEK2 I157T C variant with unselected CRC was found (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.40-1.87, P < 0.001). We also found a significant association with sporadic CRC (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.23-1.77, P < 0.001) and separately with familial CRC (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.41-2.74, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that the CHEK2 I157T variant may be another important CRC-predisposing gene, which increases CRC risk, especially in familial CRC.