실험 가운의 착용 실태 조사

최정화,김소영,이주영 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop funtional lab gowns in the view of safety and work efficiency. As the first step of this study, we surveyed on satisfaction rates, preferences and inconvenience items in regard of lab gowns. The data was obtained from 138 graduate students specialized in science and 113 medical students. Respondents answered that the first purpose of wearing lab gown was to protect body from danger. Wearing frequency followed with 'always', 'as possible as', and then 'sometimes' Forty-five percentage of respondents answered that they didn't wear lab gowns often in summer because of hot weather. The contaminated or damaged parts of lab gowns followed with cuffs, abdomen, thigh, lower part, and then chest. Washing frequency followed with 'once a month', 'once per six months', and then 'more than once a week'. There were significant differences in normal wearing frequency, wearing frequency by season and washing frequency due to major. There were no significant difference by sex and major in all questions. In regard of the protective capacity of current lab gowns, most respondents answered that 'It's normal' (60%), ‘It's enough'(21%), so that they didn't show much dissatisfaction. Forty-three percentage of respondents were not satisfied with cuffs. Respondents answered that the cuffs were in danger and inconvenient because of broad cuffs. In regard of color, preference for white were high and followed with ivory, light sky, light green, and then light pink. Materials of current lab gowns were cotton/polyester or polyester 100%. Sixty-eight percentage of respondents were satisfied with that and others were not. The reasons for dissatisfactions were as follows; those materials were not protective to chemicals thoroughly enough. Cotton/polyester materials were heavy. Wearing sensation of polyester 100% was not good.

농약 방제 작업자의 작업 환경 및 노동 부담 평가

최정화,이주영 한국의류학회 2002 한국의류학회지 Vol.26 No.11

To evaluate the thermal environments and the workload of farmers in the rice field in summer, this study investigated rice farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures, work colthes, air temperature and air humidity during the spraying pesticide in the rice field. Five career farmers (3 males, 2 famales) volunteered as the subjects. During the spraying pesticide in the rice field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. The results were as follows. ₁. Farmers wore only raincoats not pesticide-proof clothing. ₂. The value of WBGT, rectal temperature(T_(re)), mean skin temperature(T_(sk)) were 24.9~28.9℃, 37.8(±0.3)℃ and 33.6(±0.6)℃, respectively. Clothing microclimate temperature(T_(el)) on the chest and backwere 32.5(±2.6)℃ and 33.6(±2.6)℃, respectively(p<0.001). Humidity inside of the clothing (H_(d)) was over 80%RH and heart rate(HR) was 112(±27) bpm. We evaluated that the spraying pesticide was 'heavy work' by the Tre and HR. ₃. To four subjective questionnaires, all farmers expressed 'hard, hot, humid and uncomfortable' without individual difference at the end of works. We suggested that 1) the spraying pesticide in the rice field was a heavy work, 2) because the workload of farmers in the raincoat/pesticide-proof clothing can't be evaluated by only WBGT, assessors should measure physiological, psychological responses as well as thermal environments, 3) to alleviate farmers' heat strain, clothing manufacturers must consider not only the improvement of textile materials and clothing weight but also the designing of personal cooling equipment.

기능성 실험 가운의 개발 및 평가 : 체온조절 및 온열 쾌적성을 중심으로

최정화,이주영,김소영 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of lab gowns developed from the point of safety and work efficiency. We evaluated thermal and subjective responses of subjects wearing functional new lab gowns(Type B, C, D) and a popular lab gown on the market(Type A). Type B was a new lab gown made of woven fabric with functional cuffs. Type C was a new apron made of woven fabric with arm protectors. Type D was a new lab gown made of non-woven material with functional cuffs and openings around the armpits. Temperature in the climatic chamber was set at 19℃as an indoor temperature in winter and at 24℃ in summer. There were no significant differences in rectal temperature and heart rate among four types of gowns and between two air temperatures for 120min. Mean skin temperature was much higher in the type A and B than in the type C and D(p<.05). In the 19℃air, clothing microclimate temperature on the back was the highest in the type B and was the lowest in the type C (p<.05). Clothing microclimate humidity was not significant differences among gowns. In subjective responses, subjects perceived that Type B was the warmest gown in the 19℃ and the hottest and more humid in the 24℃ than other gowns. Inversely, type C was the coolest gown among four gowns. Both in the 19℃and in the 24℃, the Type D had gained most responses of being comfortable. In conclusion, the temperature difference of 5℃ was more of an influencing factor than the difference from four types of lab gowns. Secondly, we recommend the manufacturers to make lab gowns with functional cuffs for safety purposes. Thirdly, the spread of the type of apron with arm protector will contribute to increase of the frequency of wearing in summer. Fourthly, it is necessary to study continuously about lab gowns with non-woven materials for researchers exposed to toxic chemical and biological materials.

양산형 일광차단모의 개발(제2보) : 실외 인체착용시 복사열 및 자외선의 차단효과 Human trial test at outdoors

최정화,김경수 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.3,4

To reduce farmer's stress from solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation(UV), the sunshade hat with a large brim and special structure for ventilation was developed and tested with manikin heads outdoors at previous study(Kim and Choi, 2002). To evaluate the protection efficiency of the sunshade hat, human trial test was performed at outdoors. The results were as follows; Skin temperatures(7 sites), heatr rate, temperature inside the hats, temperature and relative humidity inside clothing on the back in wearing developed sunshade hat were significantly lower than those in wearing the controlled hat. In subjective sensation, subjects answered to feel significantly hotter, more humid and more uncomfortable in wearing the controlled hat. But relative humidity inside the hats was significantly higher in wearing developed hat. In rectal temperature, there were no significant differences between two hats.

合成洗劑가 빨간집모기의 生態, 生理學的 特性에 미치는 影響

金正和,李炯來,朴垠澈,李容揆,崔觀善 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

It is considered a general experience that migration from rural to urban areas will go on in any developing countries pursuing economic development through industralization. In Korea, migration is considered one of the serious socio- economic problems because it has been made excessively fast than any other countries' experiences. The socio- economic problems originates in migration can be classified in two ways ; the one is the overpopulated problems of urban areas and emptied villages problems of rural areas, and the other is the shartage agricultural labor farce problems symbolized by the increasing idle cultivated land. To relieve migration effectively, the developing policies should be converted from pursuing fast industralization and urbanization to balance growth between areas and industries. Moreover problem solving political measure should be converted from partial and corresponding approaches to total approaches containing economic, social and institutional side-view.

衛生昆蟲에 대한 無公害農藥(昆蟲發育沮害劑)의 殺蟲機作 및 應用技術開發硏究

金正和,李炯來,李仁煥,李容揆,崔鐘錫 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1993 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

In recently, much pesticides were used for control of agricultural and medical insects. The result of using pesticides were social problem because of environmental pollutions with pesticides in urban and farm village. The environmental pollutions were very serious. This experiment was conducted to eluciated of reduce to environmental pollution bring about using pesticides (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators) for control of medical insects(house fly, Musca domestica L and mosquito, culex pipiens pallens copuillett) and carried out the method of pest control. And the result are summarized as follows. The Kyongbuk house fly strain treated with pyriproxyfen on third instar larvae were very high mortality and low emergence. When use it, at the same time, we can reduce degree of environ-mental pollution and house fly populations. Using of imidan was effective in Seoul and Chungnam house fly strains. In mosquito larvae, the efficacy of icon to chungbuk strain, propoxur to Chungnam and Chungbuk strain, imidan to Kyongbuk strain, fenthion to Chungnam strain were excellent. In result of spraying imidan and icon on adult mosquitoes, the efficacy of icon was excellent than imidan. In esterase electrophoresis, third instar larvae of Chungnam house fly strain fed on artificial diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC50 were very high activity of -Est-αl in early stage(second day after third instar larvae fed on diet), and the activity of Est-αl was very strong in late stage(se-vents day after third instar larvae fed on diet). In Kyongbuk strain, -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected in early and late stage, and activities of and -Est-αl and Est-αl were detected almost equally in late stage. It was very characteristic in this experiment. Third instar larvae fed on diet mixed with pyriproxyfen LC95 were detected -Est-αl and Est-αl almost equally. It was believed moulting control in insects. In electrophoresis with head, thorax, abdomen of house fly adult, -Est-α2 -Est-αl, Est-αl, Est-α2, Est-α3 were detected in abdomen in susceptible strain and only -Est-αl, was net detected in thorax -Est-αl, was detected in head, thorax and abdomen of Chungbuk strain and -Est-αl was detected in head, -Est-α2 in thorax of same strain. Activities of chitinase in late instar larvae of house flies fed on artificial diet mixed with pyrip-roxyfen LC50 and LC95, in pyriproxyfen LC95, analysised low and high again with the lapse of time in Kyongbuk strain. This was believed that the activity of chitinase was became high just before emergence. The result of filter paper test with mosquitoes were very high index(265) of esterase activity in Chungnam strain among all mosquito strains. In this reason, we can suppose that used pyrip-roxyfen (IGR) in Chungnam area for control pest. In this reason, it was more reasonable made use of pyriproxyfen than other pesticide in Chungnam area.

흰등멸구에 對한 水稻新品種, 系統의 抵抗性機作에 關한 硏究

金正和,李時雨,崔承允,鄭富根 서울大學校 農科大學 1982 서울대농학연구지 Vol.7 No.2

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the varietal differences in resistance of Korean new rice cultivars to the white-backed planthopper(WBPH), Sogatella furcifera HORVATH(Ⅲ). The number of rice cultivars tested were twenty-one from the Office of Rural Development (ORD), and eight from the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University(SNU). The nature of their varietal resistance of rice to the WBPH were studied in terms of the seedling reaction, the insect population build-up, and honeydew excretion with feeding activity. (1) Seven cultivars out of the 34 cultivars tested indicated resistant reaction in seedling test; SNU-020713, -1768, -1770, -011063, -01165, -01166, and -01167. (2) The feeding preference of the WBPH adults and nymphs was higher on the susceptible Jinheung than on the test cultivars, and their feeding preference did not steadly coincide with the seedling reaction to the WBPH. (3) The ovipositional preference studies indicated that the insects exhibited distinctly different preference for different cultivars, but their tendency was not steady; for example, the cultivars Milyang-48 and SNU-01701 compared with Jinheung were significantly prefered for oviposition despite showing the susceptible seedling reaction and the cultivar SNU-01702 was significantly less prefered for oviposition than Jinheung,even though they were all susceptible in seedling reaction. (4) The population build-up of WBPH was smaller on the resistant cultivars (R-check) than the susceptible ones. (5) Post-embryonic developmental period was relatively shorter on the susceptible cultivars, but it was not always true. (6) The adult emergence rate was relatively higher on the susceptible rice cultivars than those on the resistant and moderate ones. (7) Differences in sex ratio of the WBPH on the susceptible and resistant cultivars could not be made sure due to the small number of adults tested. (8) The amount of honey-dew excreted was measured using the ninhydrin staining method. The small amount of honeydew was recorded with the test cultivars to the WBPH. In conclusion, the nature of varietal resistance of rice to the WBPH was considered to be related with the nymphal survival,develpmental period of nymphs and feeding activity.

감꼭지나방 생태적 특성 및 방제약제 선발

김정화,김길하,조수원,박은철,김순섭,황태구,최상기 충북대학교 첨단원예기술개발연구센터 1999 연구보고서 Vol.4 No.-

경남지역과 충북지역 감나무의 재배, 해충 방제실태를 농가 방문하여 설문조사 한 결과 감 재배경력은 경남지역이 평균 10년이며, 충북지역은 평균 5년 정도이다. 감 재배 주수는 대다수 농가가 20주 이상이고, 재배관리에 대하여 자문을 받는 곳은 농업센터나 농약사 및 연구소 등이었다. 김 품종은 경남지역에서는 부유와 서촌조생, 충북지역에서는 등시와 월하 등을 재배하고 있었다. 시비종류는 이른봄 에 퇴비나 복합비료를 주었고, 감나무 생장 중 열매나 저장 중 열매에 발생하는 해충이 발견되었다. 해충방제를 위해 살충제를 살포하고 있는데 주로 감꼭지나방, 진딧물, 잎말이나방 및 깍지벌레 등으로 파마치온, 파단, 코니도, 신파마치온, 수프라사이드 등을 살포하였다. 감꼭지나방(Stathmopoda masinissa)의 발육생태를 조사하기 위하여, 감꼭지나방을 야외에서 채집하여 온도±1℃, 광주기 16L:8D, 상대습도 50~60%에서 실내 사육하였다. 각 층태별 기간은 알 7.4일, 유충기간 34.7일, 용 15.5일이었다. 각 령기간은 1령 3.5일, 2령 4.2일, 3령 5.2일, 4령 6.5일, 5령 15.4일이었으며, 특히 유층의 두폭을 측정하여 평균한 결과는 1령 0.20mm, 2령 0.40mm, 3령 0.65mm, 4령 0.87mm, 5령 1.07mm일 이었다. 성충의 수명은 수컷이 6.2일, 암컷이 10.1일 이었다. 용화율은 68.0% 우화율은 59.9%이었다. A survey in Kyungnam and chungbuk areas revealed that the average number of years for persimmon tree farming is 10 and 5 years, respectively. The number of trees per orchard is at least over 20, and the farmers have been usually advised through an agricultural center, an agrochemical store, or agrochemical research center. The varieties of the persimmons they grow are Buyu and Seocheon in Kyungnam, and Doogsi and Wolha in Chungbuk. The kind of fertilizers they sprayed in early spring is either compost or composite fertilizer. persimmon pests are often found in persimmon fruits while on a tree or in storage. Phamathion, Padan, Konido, Sinpamathion, and/or supuraside is usually used to control persimmon fruit moths, aphides, leafrollers, and scale insects. To understand the developmental ecology of the persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa Meyrick, we collected and reared them under the laboratory condition which is at 25±1℃ of temperature, 16L:8D of photoperiod, and 85% of relative humidity. As a result, the developmental period of egg, larva, and pupa were 7.40, 34.7, and 15.5 days, respectively. The average period of each larval instar was 3.50, 4.17, 5.17, 6.46, and 15.42 days, respectively, and the average head capsule width was 0.20, 0.40, 0.65, 0.87, and 1.07mm, respectively. The average adult longevity was 6.2 days for males and 10.1 days for females. The pupation rate and the emergence rate were 68.0% and 59.9%, respectively.

태권도복 소재별 인체생리반응과 주관적 감각에 관한 연구

김명주,최정화 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of Taekwondo wears with three different materials. As a begging step, the questionnaire survey about the actual condition of Taekwondo wears was conducted. With the results of the questionnaire, cotton/nylon(70/30) blended fabric(CN) that was newly woven with sweat absorbent finishing and cotton/spandex(95/5) blended fabric with flexibility property were developed. The same designed 3 Taekwondo wears with 3 different materials which were two different materials(CN and CS) and a current material(cotton/PET, CP) were made. Four young males volunteered for this study, they kicked and punched as Taekwondo action for 20 minutes. Mean skin temperature was the highest in CS(33.1±O.8℃) and the lowest in CP(32.7±0.6℃). Increasing degree of rectal temperature didn't show any significant difference. Clothing microclimate temperature on the thigh was higher in CS(32.8±17.4℃) than in CN(29.4±1.1℃) and CP(29.4±1.0℃). Clothing microclimate temperature on the back and humidity on the thigh didn't show any significant differences. Clothing microclimate humidity on the back was higher in CP(65±20%RH) than in CS(61±17%RH). Heart rate, total body weight loss, and local sweating were not significantly different by materials. Most subject responded more hot in CN than in others, but there were no significant differences at the subjective sensation of thermal humidity. They answered more comfortable in CN than in others. Tectile sensations were the best in CN and the worst in CS. From those results, first of all, it is necessary to be weighted on Taekwondo wears made of CN in the aspects of the dignity of military arts uniform. Secondly, CS was required to be lighted and enhanced for the subjective sensation. Third, CP weaved honey comb was asked more various design to eliminate sweat high competition power within the scope of the dignity of military arts uniform.

氣候適應과 着衣量의 關係에 關한 硏究 : 高等學校 學生을 中心으로 In the Case of High School Students

安必子,崔正和 한국의류학회 1992 한국의류학회지 Vol.16 No.4

To examine the effects of clothes upon human's physiological adaptation to the changes of climatic conditions, clothing weight was examined. The results are as follows; 1. According to the change in temperature, the total, upper and outer clothing weight showed remarked change. Clothing weight change was greatest between the July and October, the change was greater in the coast land and the girl students. 2. The clothing weight tends to be light under outdoor in both regions in all seasons except in July, it is remarked in inland and December. 3. The correlation between Ro¨hrer Index, Body Fat and clothing weight was recognized to be significantly reversed. 4. Positive correlation between health conditions and clothing weight was recognized in December. 5. The correlation between exercise hours and clothing weight was negatively significant in December.